The Lesser Key of Solomon, also known as Clavicula Salomonis Regis or Lemegeton, is an anonymous grimoire (or spell book) on demonology. It was compiled in the mid-17th century, mostly from materials a couple of centuries older. It is divided into five books—the Ars Goetia, Ars Theurgia-Goetia, Ars Paulina, Ars Almadel, and Ars Notoria.919Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDFrdkQI6iJ
Ars Goetia919Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡemy89UsKKW
The most obvious source for the Ars Goetia is Johann Weyer's Pseudomonarchia Daemonum in his De praestigiis daemonum. Weyer does not cite, and is unaware of, any other books in the Lemegeton, indicating that the Lemegeton was derived from his work, not the other way around. The order of the spirits was changed between the two, four additional spirits were added to the later work, and one spirit (Pruflas) was omitted. The omission of Pruflas, a mistake that also occurs in an edition of Pseudomonarchia Daemonum cited in Reginald Scot's The Discoverie of Witchcraft, indicates that the Ars Goetia could not have been compiled before 1570. Indeed, it appears that the Ars Goetia is more dependent upon Scot's translation of Weyer than Weyer's work in itself. Additionally, some material was used from Heinrich Cornelius Agrippa's Three Books of Occult Philosophy, the Heptameron by pseudo-Pietro d'Abano, and the Magical Calendar.
Weyer's Officium Spirituum, which is likely related to a 1583 manuscript titled The Office of Spirits, appears to have ultimately been an elaboration on a 15th-century manuscript titled Le Livre des Esperitz (of which 30 of its 47 spirits are nearly identical to spirits in the Ars Goetia).
In a slightly later copy made by Thomas Rudd, this portion was labelled "Liber Malorum Spirituum seu Goetia", and the seals and demons were paired with those of the 72 angels of the Shemhamphorasch, who were intended to protect the conjurer and control the demons he summoned. The angelic names and seals were derived from a manuscript by Blaise de Vigenère, whose papers were also used by Samuel Liddell MacGregor Mathers in his works for the Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn. Rudd may have derived his copy of Liber Malorum Spirituum from a now-lost work by Johannes Trithemius, who taught Agrippa, who in turn taught Weyer.
This portion of the work was later translated by S. L. MacGregor Mathers and published by Aleister Crowley under the title The Book of the Goetia of Solomon the King. Crowley added some additional invocations previously unrelated to the original work, as well as essays describing the rituals as psychological exploration instead of demon summoning.919Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZ4bCv4maZc
The Seventy-Two Demons
The demons' names (given below) are taken from the Ars Goetia, which differs in terms of number and ranking from the Pseudomonarchia Daemonum of Weyer. As a result of multiple translations, there are multiple spellings for some of the names, which are given in the articles concerning them.
1) King Bael919Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡS9ZW4ImGaa
2) Duke Agares919Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkB8Irzj4Kw
3) Prince Vassago919Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡV8ZXOLWb0N
4) Marquis Samigina919Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡc0o3sq48OT
5) President Marbas919Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9DzlYVmgvM
6) Duke Valefor919Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSt4RC2kS4R
7) Marquis Amon919Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡF0rEvIAuuU
8) Duke Barbatos919Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbWfi9YTuAR
9) King Paimon919Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8Dda9caPta
10) President Buer919Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡlPaS9nHLCu
11) Duke Gusion919Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEtNESRpGpJ
12) Prince Sitri919Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOpiJxWWRNF
13) King Beleth919Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7NfzOmuot0
14) Marquis Leraje919Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡs0CJpUNFUB
15) Duke Eligos919Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡaj5UKyJ1tg
16) Duke Zepar919Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPmy09A8MFY
17) Count/President Botis919Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpjaomTDXoA
18) Duke Bathin919Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNDro5atcuW
19) Duke Sallos919Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQmmvOYNQ4X
20) King Purson919Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjoOygh6Ayw
21) Count/President Marax919Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTmG7su5Quv
22) Count/Prince Ipos919Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJW1G2jERKS
23) Duke Aim919Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpbJwMmE5eA
24) Marquis Naberius919Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUZ3yURb2Dx
25) Count/President Glasya-Labolas919Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0c4WVpguDJ
26) Duke Buné919Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8qRfhaBZsD
27) Marquis/Count Ronové919Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡAwH14VOBAD
28) Duke Berith919Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJAaL9jMQgs
29) Duke Astaroth919Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡlT4CH8Wyba
30) Marquis Forneus919Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡApMEiBQ2fH
31) President Foras919Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ59sQrfVVle
32) King Asmoday919Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRuc7LgPeWk
33) Prince/President Gäap919Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡiRfo9Lwm3c
34) Count Furfur919Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQ3gvkdIiS0
35) Marquis Marchosias919Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡAvjPAU5K57
36) Prince Stolas919Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5USJ1v6tOP
37) Marquis Phenex919Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGKLRNx7Ufm
38) Count Halphas919Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgZxxRme1mR
39) President Malphas919Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzJSpBm4NDG
40) Count Räum919Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6mvvPPPbuS
41) Duke Focalor919Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡO8AMJF8TPw
42) Duke Vepar919Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOjHX1ImSml
43) Marquis Sabnock919Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡz9z8K48eBE
44) Marquis Shax919Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvG9MCz3FV5
45) King/Count Viné919Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡuGBhBbKMvi
46) Count Bifrons919Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnmWu5ufrC9
47) Duke Vual919Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡiOwsc4mo3Y
48) President Haagenti919Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡH6RHN9FgtQ
49) Duke Crocell919Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡsE7zSJZ2hB
50) Knight Furcas919Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOPniHFABwo
51) King Balam919Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUwqIyqpJIx
52) Duke Alloces919Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpzcPJxpgfD
53) President Caim919Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡu9DJspDU8p
54) Duke/Count Murmur919Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQz1XhD78DY
55) Prince Orobas919Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhTUdKq0paJ
56) Duke Gremory919Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUyjtBjIVsN
57) President Ose919Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQTrpcl3Aun
58) President Amy919Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡyQPquoWdlo
59) Marquis Orias919Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRkUMppRZe0
60) Duke Vapula919Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡeOTHDpg44d
61) King/President Zagan919Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡG6JjsjbnRi
62) President Valac919Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzej6E15DWj
63) Marquis Andras919Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzDsKDaDuOl
64) Duke Flauros919Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqcITNoi5dv
65) Marquis Andrealphus919Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡboeBamcPi6
66) Marquis Kimaris919Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2XESRf01Kn
67) Duke Amdusias919Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡM9ebCAv85s
68) King Belial919Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMhDE3iFjqP
69) Marquis Decarabia919Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfC69Ievom6
70) Prince Seere919Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡL0kgFR6C4K
71) Duke Dantalion919Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnDtIVA7Yjn
72) Count Andromalius
The demons are described as being commanded by four kings of the cardinal directions: Amaymon (East), Corson (West), Ziminiar (North), and Gaap (South). A footnote in one variant edition instead lists them as Oriens or Uriens, Paymon or Paymonia, Ariton or Egyn, and Amaymon or Amaimon, alternatively known as Samael, Azazel, Azael, and Mahazael (purportedly their preferred rabbinic names).[10] Agrippa's Occult Philosophy lists the kings of the cardinal directions as Urieus (East), Amaymon (South), Paymon (West), and Egin (North); again providing the alternate names Samuel (i.e. Samael), Azazel, Azael, and Mahazuel. The Magical Calendar lists them as Bael, Moymon, Poymon, and Egin, though Peterson notes that some variant editions instead list '"Asmodel in the East, Amaymon in the South, Paymon in the West, and Aegym in the North"; "Oriens, Paymon, Egyn, and Amaymon"; or "Amodeo [sic] (king of the East), Paymon (king of the West), Egion (king of the North), and Maimon."919Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNoX23HgjMd
Ars Theurgia Goetia919Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡAG5jLSycTJ
The Ars Theurgia Goetia mostly derives from Trithemius's Steganographia, though the seals and order for the spirits are different due to corrupted transmission via manuscript. Rituals not found in Steganographia were added, in some ways conflicting with similar rituals found in the Ars Goetia and Ars Paulina. Most of the spirits summoned are tied to points on a compass, four Emperors tied to the cardinal points (Carnesiel in the East, Amenadiel in the West, Demoriel in the North and Caspiel in the South), sixteen Dukes tied to cardinal points, inter-cardinal points, additional directions between those. There are an additional eleven Wandering Princes, totaling thirty one spirit leaders who each rule several to a few dozen spirits.919Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfcBuUK5B78
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Ars Paulina919Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7Z2ZGeZ9WO
Derived from book two of Trithemius's Steganographia and from portions of the Heptameron, but purportedly delivered by Paul the Apostle instead of (as claimed by Trithemius) Raziel. Elements from The Magical Calendar, astrological seals by Robert Turner's 1656 translation of Paracelsus's Archidoxes of Magic, and repeated mentions of guns and the year 1641 indicate that this portion was written in the later half of the seventeenth century. Traditions of Paul communicating with heavenly powers are almost as old as Christianity itself, as seen in some interpretations of 2 Corinthians 12:2-4 and the apocryphal Apocalypse of Paul. The Ars Paulina is in turn divided into two books, the first detailing twenty-four angels aligned with the twenty-four hours of the day, the second (derived more from the Heptameron) detailing the 360 spirits of the degrees of the zodiac.919Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡl8abPCS9dM
Ars Almadel919Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡyKPy6pjbsW
Mentioned by Trithemius and Weyer, the latter of whom claimed an Arabic origin for the work. A 15th-century copy is attested to by Robert Turner, and Hebrew copies were discovered in the 20th century. The Ars Almadel instructs the magician on how to create a wax tablet with specific designs intended to contact angels via scrying.919Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFlMx0AeN7K
Ars Notoria919Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvgoKbhffPo
The oldest known portion of the Lemegeton, the Ars Notoria (or Notory Art) was first mentioned by Michael Scot in 1236 (and thus was written earlier). The Ars Notoria contains a series of prayers (related to those in The Sworn Book of Honorius) intended to grant eidetic memory and instantaneous learning to the magician. Some copies and editions of the Lemegeton omit this work entirely; A. E. Waite ignores it completely when describing the Lemegeton. It is also known as the Ars Nova.919Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9ZZCzckqKE
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It has also been said to be the origin of Pandora's box and where the seven deadly sins were born.
1 Gula (gluttony)919Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡaj1mZHiZTN
2 Luxuria (lust, fornication)919Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ59bOQDg9tJ
3 Avaritia (avarice/greed)919Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLE9phiod7E
4 Superbia (pride, hubris)919Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEBVJL83EJ7
5 Invidia (Envy)919Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGzcVEUzzVv
6 Ira (wrath)919Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡyGyilcUcDy
7 Acedia (sloth)919Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWfqDaYyyRp
If you look any further into it, beware your surrounding... You will uncover, the truth.
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