在胎盤膜的阻隔下，胎兒與母親各自有著自己的血液循環系統。雖然各自的血液不會混和在一起，但氧氣、營養、代謝物及某幾種類別的抗體卻能夠通過胎盤網的微孔，互相在母子母女之間作出交換。484Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBkUqcXsKzU
484Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwHviSZmy7y
484Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUIM9psyfoc
在母親懷孕的時期，其自身的一部份抗體將會經由胎盤傳送到胎兒的循環系統裡頭，為他或她抵禦外來物種的侵襲;484Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXeneiHOnb0
胎兒的免疫系統在母體裡頭並未能夠發展得盡善盡美的關係，母親的協助是非常重要的。484Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6hyyiHgBo9
484Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJWBXOgZs1f
這種無私的幫助看起上來的確非常美好，但無奈魔鬼在細節，當中亦牽伸出一個重要的問題ㄧ484Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡiwGyPi6AKA
484Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtjQP4unkAz
抗體的母嬰利益輸送，無形間造就了母體的抗體攻擊胎兒紅血球的契機，引起醫學界所稱為的「新生兒溶血症」(Hemolytic disease of the newborn,HDN)。484Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbltmaL0VBf
484Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡs4WeYrUkiV
新生兒溶血症的嚴重性取決於胎兒紅血球被收抗體所攻擊的程度，若果被幹掉的紅血球數量並不算多的話，胎兒通常均能自我抵禦得住，當中有機會產生輕微貧血或黃疸症狀，情況不太嚴重的話並不需要作出任何治療。484Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJukxOqExO1
484Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡrjjQmqRbAT
但是，若果紅血球被過量分解的話，身體裡頭的膽紅素便會不斷的積聚下來。胎兒若果還在母體的話，膽紅素尚可經由胎盤透過血液系統傳遞到母親的肝臟裡頭作出分解，由母親為孩兒作出分擔。484Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMaOKM2v8vA
484Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡiGKK42b1Br
若胎兒脫離母體，尤其是在出世後首二十四小時裡頭發生紅血球被過量分解情況的話，情況就真的是不堪設想;484Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZ6rcLlJQhZ
484Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡECc1Oyb68I
胎兒肝臟在初出世的期間並沒有足夠的能力分解過多的膽紅素，膽紅素的血液濃度會逐漸的增加，最終更會進入腦部，做成永久性的神經損毀。484Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9HMnakoWN3
484Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPZdkcPAQxu
484Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡD77Le8rhMH
484Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3drx5zK4Rf
484Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKrjcxv9MpB
在新生兒溶血症方面，Rh系統的D antigen對比於ABO系統的H antigen顯得較為重要。484Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqcAUPnmXaZ
484Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡan8zW15wOY
主要的原因分別有兩個，第一就是胎兒紅血球上的H antigen數量比成人紅血球為顯注的少，故此不太容易會觸發免疫反應。484Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFW7rbgdVCE
484Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXjA0VjTKo0
第二就是ABO系統的H antigen並不局限於在紅血球，在胎兒各種表皮及內膜的細胞上均能找到H antigen，因此母體的H antigen抗體遇上胎兒紅血球上的H antigen機會亦相對地大大減少;484Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFBrQv9N7bm
484Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHwqm4JZom0
相反，Rh系統的D antigen只會在紅血球上找到，其他器官及細胞並不存在D antigen，母體的D antigen抗體將會針對性的攻擊胎兒紅血球。484Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1uc0vpV87G
484Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡadHy969FRY
484Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEyEWcM1sBU
正因如此，在絕大多數的情況下，新生兒溶血症引致的致命情況均是由母體及胎兒的Rh系統不相容引起的。484Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡiMIPIWCaVt
484Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡaqhHYmz0lk
(亞洲人的族裔，約只有百分之二的人口持有Rh負血型。)484Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzFTYil5IH7
____________________________________484Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2aHLw5Ds2H
484Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5Kzj1RtEV1
「克BB，我血型是A-哦，你呢?」484Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPjeZW16NB8
得悉Rh正負系統的重要性後，坐在席上的一位女生跟在旁的男同學嬌嗲的說了起來。484Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTMWajJpL1C
484Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡu8oKsFhZgJ
「我是B+....」484Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDODfwVJBGM
那名姓克的男生單手拿著捐血卡，神態自若的說著。484Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4c2ysBVNlK
484Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ39mV1Ch4GL
「吓.....? 正? 為甚麼你會這樣不差氣的?484Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtG877I6iev
我很喜歡小孩子的哦，那怎樣辦呀，BB?」484Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPjJRh0Gg8p
484Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPKJ7KkQL23
484Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYDswHHNpzS
女生負(沒有D antigen)，男生正(有D antigen)，嬰兒便有機會是正(50或100%有D antigen)。484Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgIoSgX8KyH
女生本身的紅血球沒有D antigen，嬰兒紅血球上的D antigen便會被視作為外來之物，被母體的免疫系統攻勢，引發新生兒溶血症出現的可能性; 那名女生是這樣的想著。484Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhHx8vgJKsK
484Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKFc2mjvSB3
484Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXksFngQ3ND
「喂，靚女，我姓馬，血型B-，名副其實是你的駙馬呢!484Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4JOagrYCJl
有沒有興趣下課後一起看電影，互相了解一下對方?」484Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡuyBKy3M4bS
那名女生身後的一名男生，洋洋得意不知羞恥的作出搭訕起來。484Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3zB51edQd6
484Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8jFgjO9YSQ
484Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡeq9oLSNU6e
女生負(沒有D antigen)，男生負(沒有D antigen)，嬰兒便一定會是負(沒有D antigen)，新生兒溶血症的發生機會亦因而大大減低。484Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqIo796ebJ3
484Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTVbi6fwrEL
484Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2N9lbSiOSi
「我對克BB的愛並不會因為這些正正負負影響得到的，你別痴心妄想啦!」484Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMwiPIiAppr
那名女生大聲的作出責罵後，隨即窩在那名男生的懷中，展示出自己的恩愛。484Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFnRwlO1ZuS
484Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkIXv2ksn7P
484Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZt013U0r0g
484Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡIysrDn2nyU
「唉，你也不是我的伯樂嗎....?484Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡAgEqsgwtnG
世間上的伯樂全都死掉了嗎?484Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSAzPVVeAc7
484Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡudJugg1Rt0
我這隻絕世好馬，究竟應如何在這亂世中自處呢，天呀!」484Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpiUACexmJo
那名姓馬的男生右手撥了一下頭上時髦的「花倫同學」的髮型，一臉恨鐵不成鋼的模樣。484Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEjYjR6WJoG
484Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡuk6kwHknQ9
484Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUAJXmToyGU
484Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡImx3q7YQfk
「其實，第一胎出現新生兒溶血症的機率應該是相對的較低吧!484Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvMSTkYchVU
再加上現今科技如此先進，一定會有方法解決Rh正負所引起的問題!」484Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡuuHFbcbfL2
姓克的那位男生托了一下眼鏡，用著安慰的語氣對著那名女生說了起來。484Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSxNqGinzph
484Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡafDGcTQruh
484Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ83YiF2j1o3
馬同學、克同學及其在旁女生的對話，血時均聽得一清二楚。484Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxgffdhsObJ
對於克同學的見解，血時可是非常的認同。484Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjBbVtbFOAg
484Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHeRthnzilJ
「這位男同學說得一點也沒有錯!」484Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxu3fM00sq6
484Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7cGF7uuwLj
胎兒和母體的血液循環系統均是獨立的個體，胎兒的紅血球在正常情況下是不會進入母體血液循環裡頭的。484Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFs7tolt48w
484Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡsLNeRVkOqx
在Rh血型為負的母親來說，除非曾經在輸血過程中接受過擁有D antigen的血液，否則在自身的血液裡頭間理應是不會存有D antigen的抗體;484Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkexqsugvX0
484Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWsKyCrcl8c
這亦是Rh系統和ABO系統其中一種不同的地方，ABO的H antigen和天然間所存在的糖分結構非常相似。長久接觸底下，正常人體的血液均存在著對應的H antigen抗體。484Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFdwYFodmxP
484Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEFnopY25Dc
484Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡAreCTnqVfh
484Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡrfpThrrkYS
雖則胎盤阻隔著母子的血液循環系統，但在母親產下第一胎的期間，過程中將會有很大的機會與胎兒的血液接觸。484Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡv17EXgoL2S
若胎兒為Rh正而母親為Rh負的話，這便會觸發母親體內D antigen抗體的產生;484Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0TNYwpWZF3
484Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ03QTHVdPGE
只不過，若果母親的ABO血型與胎兒的ABO血液不吻合的話，母親體內的H antigen抗體將會快速消除胎兒的紅血球，這時候D antigen暴露於母體免疫系統的機會亦會相對減低，有機會可以避免D antigen抗體的產生。484Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡo9bWVZmngi
484Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLFLRC7ZPZl
484Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡG4ulQkVo8t
無論如何，這些由第一胎臨盤而產生出來的D antigen抗體，將會有很大的機會影響第二胎Rh正的胎兒。484Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZvx4NgBueI
484Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvx341UwRbF
不過不用害怕，現今醫療科技發達，醫生均有著各種手段檢查胎兒的狀況，亦有各種方法檢測母體及胎兒的ABO及Rh血型。484Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJQwDVjeoT8
在某幾種情況下更會為母親注入D antigen的抗體，避免母親接觸到外來的D antigen，必要時更可為在母體內的胎兒輸血，更換死去的紅血球細胞。484Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPZ8aOXMbn1
484Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡP73ooicuxp
484Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡM0Fnh8TmiI
484Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEC6eodzDVB
因Rh系統不吻合而不能作出敦倫的情況，在現今的社會上是不會發生的。484Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXSymaQWeiF
484Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqQG1Q1UmeS
484Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgHQmCBkAsj
______________________________________484Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVsyBL8BBAX
484Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8ztyYHoXNK
484Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4GKaqnM3l2
鈴...鈴...鈴.....484Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1DQPkv5laV
484Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbHip80TQqW
講解的時間過得特別快，說到Rh血液系統的時候下課鐘聲亦恰巧的響起。484Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8KdfkJndaF
484Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtYlYyV74tb
血時迅速的收拾個人物品，啪啪聲的關上電腦，比在座的學生們更快的離開演講廳。484Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOGcARHcyOo
484Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKxC53Eg9BK
484Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9c7AHoovd2
「血..血時教授...」484Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡasqi9Hj3bq
那名為茱燕的女同學本意是在下課的時候找血時商量一些事情的，奈何血時的行動實在過於迅速，她完全找不到任何的機會喝停血時。484Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8f8qIJS5BK
484Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQjOSPI5wab
484Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOziiFSNjp9
484Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡY2V1EY45kk
「......」484Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbKj8TKl6BG
她打開演講廳的門口，四周張望，只見血時往著月亮咖啡店的方向奔跑起來。484Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwTrQcBCnvU
484Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡR9wGyRaR5O
484Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLYNMxz6N1R
「你...沒吃早餐嗎?」484Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡj0NSaCuW6f
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