在胎盤膜的阻隔下，胎兒與母親各自有著自己的血液循環系統。雖然各自的血液不會混和在一起，但氧氣、營養、代謝物及某幾種類別的抗體卻能夠通過胎盤網的微孔，互相在母子母女之間作出交換。550Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHMiOFS8rF9
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在母親懷孕的時期，其自身的一部份抗體將會經由胎盤傳送到胎兒的循環系統裡頭，為他或她抵禦外來物種的侵襲;550Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡaHmZ74XOQW
胎兒的免疫系統在母體裡頭並未能夠發展得盡善盡美的關係，母親的協助是非常重要的。550Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSUoCUvc7Iy
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這種無私的幫助看起上來的確非常美好，但無奈魔鬼在細節，當中亦牽伸出一個重要的問題ㄧ550Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡewylABBS3r
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抗體的母嬰利益輸送，無形間造就了母體的抗體攻擊胎兒紅血球的契機，引起醫學界所稱為的「新生兒溶血症」(Hemolytic disease of the newborn,HDN)。550Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQJoqJEbPIP
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新生兒溶血症的嚴重性取決於胎兒紅血球被收抗體所攻擊的程度，若果被幹掉的紅血球數量並不算多的話，胎兒通常均能自我抵禦得住，當中有機會產生輕微貧血或黃疸症狀，情況不太嚴重的話並不需要作出任何治療。550Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡyYB331INXS
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但是，若果紅血球被過量分解的話，身體裡頭的膽紅素便會不斷的積聚下來。胎兒若果還在母體的話，膽紅素尚可經由胎盤透過血液系統傳遞到母親的肝臟裡頭作出分解，由母親為孩兒作出分擔。550Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡL3sgpQ6Grf
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若胎兒脫離母體，尤其是在出世後首二十四小時裡頭發生紅血球被過量分解情況的話，情況就真的是不堪設想;550Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMAQW8AA9uT
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胎兒肝臟在初出世的期間並沒有足夠的能力分解過多的膽紅素，膽紅素的血液濃度會逐漸的增加，最終更會進入腦部，做成永久性的神經損毀。550Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡskIaiFDMDJ
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在新生兒溶血症方面，Rh系統的D antigen對比於ABO系統的H antigen顯得較為重要。550Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCEYLd9IPZD
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主要的原因分別有兩個，第一就是胎兒紅血球上的H antigen數量比成人紅血球為顯注的少，故此不太容易會觸發免疫反應。550Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLLAHawO9MB
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第二就是ABO系統的H antigen並不局限於在紅血球，在胎兒各種表皮及內膜的細胞上均能找到H antigen，因此母體的H antigen抗體遇上胎兒紅血球上的H antigen機會亦相對地大大減少;550Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡw7NJxvmBEP
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相反，Rh系統的D antigen只會在紅血球上找到，其他器官及細胞並不存在D antigen，母體的D antigen抗體將會針對性的攻擊胎兒紅血球。550Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡj7XU6BQx5I
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正因如此，在絕大多數的情況下，新生兒溶血症引致的致命情況均是由母體及胎兒的Rh系統不相容引起的。550Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvkNk9v9xYy
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(亞洲人的族裔，約只有百分之二的人口持有Rh負血型。)550Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGxGrUXwpRu
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「克BB，我血型是A-哦，你呢?」550Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4UMtQtpZu7
得悉Rh正負系統的重要性後，坐在席上的一位女生跟在旁的男同學嬌嗲的說了起來。550Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3n6qMvN89o
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「我是B+....」550Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4KvZHPn7AH
那名姓克的男生單手拿著捐血卡，神態自若的說著。550Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfszfk0ooTc
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「吓.....? 正? 為甚麼你會這樣不差氣的?550Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxo65lOvKXk
我很喜歡小孩子的哦，那怎樣辦呀，BB?」550Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhC7xYCG5cN
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女生負(沒有D antigen)，男生正(有D antigen)，嬰兒便有機會是正(50或100%有D antigen)。550Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZPBsMl5fa8
女生本身的紅血球沒有D antigen，嬰兒紅血球上的D antigen便會被視作為外來之物，被母體的免疫系統攻勢，引發新生兒溶血症出現的可能性; 那名女生是這樣的想著。550Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvzofsegvfA
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「喂，靚女，我姓馬，血型B-，名副其實是你的駙馬呢!550Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxyTfsoNaE8
有沒有興趣下課後一起看電影，互相了解一下對方?」550Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡs0PZuIuHF2
那名女生身後的一名男生，洋洋得意不知羞恥的作出搭訕起來。550Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzoh01isasA
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女生負(沒有D antigen)，男生負(沒有D antigen)，嬰兒便一定會是負(沒有D antigen)，新生兒溶血症的發生機會亦因而大大減低。550Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjqBEODhsDu
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「我對克BB的愛並不會因為這些正正負負影響得到的，你別痴心妄想啦!」550Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡk6PZZMGvNp
那名女生大聲的作出責罵後，隨即窩在那名男生的懷中，展示出自己的恩愛。550Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡR29DAb9HEq
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「唉，你也不是我的伯樂嗎....?550Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZpxtmuy5Zn
世間上的伯樂全都死掉了嗎?550Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpB8Sz862tT
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我這隻絕世好馬，究竟應如何在這亂世中自處呢，天呀!」550Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡC34qLwQYSR
那名姓馬的男生右手撥了一下頭上時髦的「花倫同學」的髮型，一臉恨鐵不成鋼的模樣。550Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3EHw6BJVwu
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「其實，第一胎出現新生兒溶血症的機率應該是相對的較低吧!550Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡN4jWlBJUFz
再加上現今科技如此先進，一定會有方法解決Rh正負所引起的問題!」550Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡucERzdQhg5
姓克的那位男生托了一下眼鏡，用著安慰的語氣對著那名女生說了起來。550Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4ZtRGvBoHE
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馬同學、克同學及其在旁女生的對話，血時均聽得一清二楚。550Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡysBSL8HWxk
對於克同學的見解，血時可是非常的認同。550Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡoRXb8cCFtq
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「這位男同學說得一點也沒有錯!」550Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡrWtickz41o
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胎兒和母體的血液循環系統均是獨立的個體，胎兒的紅血球在正常情況下是不會進入母體血液循環裡頭的。550Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡahGmVV5Yni
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在Rh血型為負的母親來說，除非曾經在輸血過程中接受過擁有D antigen的血液，否則在自身的血液裡頭間理應是不會存有D antigen的抗體;550Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmCsjqaaGMF
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這亦是Rh系統和ABO系統其中一種不同的地方，ABO的H antigen和天然間所存在的糖分結構非常相似。長久接觸底下，正常人體的血液均存在著對應的H antigen抗體。550Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1IvnoBDwHY
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雖則胎盤阻隔著母子的血液循環系統，但在母親產下第一胎的期間，過程中將會有很大的機會與胎兒的血液接觸。550Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡC52Vk3CdvN
若胎兒為Rh正而母親為Rh負的話，這便會觸發母親體內D antigen抗體的產生;550Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXncbCT2jfk
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只不過，若果母親的ABO血型與胎兒的ABO血液不吻合的話，母親體內的H antigen抗體將會快速消除胎兒的紅血球，這時候D antigen暴露於母體免疫系統的機會亦會相對減低，有機會可以避免D antigen抗體的產生。550Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡq7zLXtWOs6
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無論如何，這些由第一胎臨盤而產生出來的D antigen抗體，將會有很大的機會影響第二胎Rh正的胎兒。550Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLYqPvLJNUP
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不過不用害怕，現今醫療科技發達，醫生均有著各種手段檢查胎兒的狀況，亦有各種方法檢測母體及胎兒的ABO及Rh血型。550Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3zA6rvkVdY
在某幾種情況下更會為母親注入D antigen的抗體，避免母親接觸到外來的D antigen，必要時更可為在母體內的胎兒輸血，更換死去的紅血球細胞。550Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHiVQl821XG
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因Rh系統不吻合而不能作出敦倫的情況，在現今的社會上是不會發生的。550Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDhXeUFUMjl
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鈴...鈴...鈴.....550Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡuumG1pakI2
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講解的時間過得特別快，說到Rh血液系統的時候下課鐘聲亦恰巧的響起。550Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡs5Yerv5KGe
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血時迅速的收拾個人物品，啪啪聲的關上電腦，比在座的學生們更快的離開演講廳。550Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡA94I51Gx1v
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「血..血時教授...」550Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDDCuv8d7mu
那名為茱燕的女同學本意是在下課的時候找血時商量一些事情的，奈何血時的行動實在過於迅速，她完全找不到任何的機會喝停血時。550Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8qcaitNzV5
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「......」550Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡsQzFndT7fh
她打開演講廳的門口，四周張望，只見血時往著月亮咖啡店的方向奔跑起來。550Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEJuEWe5o27
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「你...沒吃早餐嗎?」550Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdW1caceB9F
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