在胎盤膜的阻隔下，胎兒與母親各自有著自己的血液循環系統。雖然各自的血液不會混和在一起，但氧氣、營養、代謝物及某幾種類別的抗體卻能夠通過胎盤網的微孔，互相在母子母女之間作出交換。524Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwcgI2hIQKh
524Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFXfXEiZLKn
524Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡaaMjDiNONU
在母親懷孕的時期，其自身的一部份抗體將會經由胎盤傳送到胎兒的循環系統裡頭，為他或她抵禦外來物種的侵襲;524Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCexAMt7lTW
胎兒的免疫系統在母體裡頭並未能夠發展得盡善盡美的關係，母親的協助是非常重要的。524Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4zr02F5BtE
524Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKYbRI5sfKc
這種無私的幫助看起上來的確非常美好，但無奈魔鬼在細節，當中亦牽伸出一個重要的問題ㄧ524Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjpRJsASCyn
524Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡe6lYG6umwY
抗體的母嬰利益輸送，無形間造就了母體的抗體攻擊胎兒紅血球的契機，引起醫學界所稱為的「新生兒溶血症」(Hemolytic disease of the newborn,HDN)。524Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfvhC9XckX0
524Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡG9pzcPXJ78
新生兒溶血症的嚴重性取決於胎兒紅血球被收抗體所攻擊的程度，若果被幹掉的紅血球數量並不算多的話，胎兒通常均能自我抵禦得住，當中有機會產生輕微貧血或黃疸症狀，情況不太嚴重的話並不需要作出任何治療。524Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡckpdrUTvt5
524Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡERrMNxhd6V
但是，若果紅血球被過量分解的話，身體裡頭的膽紅素便會不斷的積聚下來。胎兒若果還在母體的話，膽紅素尚可經由胎盤透過血液系統傳遞到母親的肝臟裡頭作出分解，由母親為孩兒作出分擔。524Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvwp7PKANnn
524Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSsPvrPOrvC
若胎兒脫離母體，尤其是在出世後首二十四小時裡頭發生紅血球被過量分解情況的話，情況就真的是不堪設想;524Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFpqeJgiVUZ
524Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMS86dn4TSx
胎兒肝臟在初出世的期間並沒有足夠的能力分解過多的膽紅素，膽紅素的血液濃度會逐漸的增加，最終更會進入腦部，做成永久性的神經損毀。524Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDTOOofcH7p
524Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6CCg7YM6ar
524Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOZ8tmY2TPR
524Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡN3brFOSWnF
524Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5iJMxH7rIE
在新生兒溶血症方面，Rh系統的D antigen對比於ABO系統的H antigen顯得較為重要。524Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCDialX4Xvm
524Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡorHAKbJYPi
主要的原因分別有兩個，第一就是胎兒紅血球上的H antigen數量比成人紅血球為顯注的少，故此不太容易會觸發免疫反應。524Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡH1ZlqKvr5F
524Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡH8ZkI2vyOS
第二就是ABO系統的H antigen並不局限於在紅血球，在胎兒各種表皮及內膜的細胞上均能找到H antigen，因此母體的H antigen抗體遇上胎兒紅血球上的H antigen機會亦相對地大大減少;524Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8O2qFzpF0o
524Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3o2rxxylpd
相反，Rh系統的D antigen只會在紅血球上找到，其他器官及細胞並不存在D antigen，母體的D antigen抗體將會針對性的攻擊胎兒紅血球。524Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvzvZ1M0DEr
524Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡv00MvlUQJH
524Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡaQgyTpvwdv
正因如此，在絕大多數的情況下，新生兒溶血症引致的致命情況均是由母體及胎兒的Rh系統不相容引起的。524Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDL70wZpV3S
524Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYNSn8JJWam
(亞洲人的族裔，約只有百分之二的人口持有Rh負血型。)524Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNmL3alJSmt
____________________________________524Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9jEmvKNN9o
524Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUGJaEGuQyU
「克BB，我血型是A-哦，你呢?」524Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLuTcpixiks
得悉Rh正負系統的重要性後，坐在席上的一位女生跟在旁的男同學嬌嗲的說了起來。524Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgWfKPPzIHr
524Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVBa0kVDqml
「我是B+....」524Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7oBNtN8j4Z
那名姓克的男生單手拿著捐血卡，神態自若的說著。524Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmG57QLqAqq
524Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXVgLQP4edb
「吓.....? 正? 為甚麼你會這樣不差氣的?524Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6n0LZRoRjJ
我很喜歡小孩子的哦，那怎樣辦呀，BB?」524Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡr2C5orcp41
524Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLGxJrGhQ3W
524Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡocrUXJLOBf
女生負(沒有D antigen)，男生正(有D antigen)，嬰兒便有機會是正(50或100%有D antigen)。524Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡm4uPCpbABl
女生本身的紅血球沒有D antigen，嬰兒紅血球上的D antigen便會被視作為外來之物，被母體的免疫系統攻勢，引發新生兒溶血症出現的可能性; 那名女生是這樣的想著。524Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTVErXF60sA
524Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHbh4xS06YN
524Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVuyxo6YEQy
「喂，靚女，我姓馬，血型B-，名副其實是你的駙馬呢!524Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXh8tzHHu72
有沒有興趣下課後一起看電影，互相了解一下對方?」524Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡiQ7Ua9m6ZY
那名女生身後的一名男生，洋洋得意不知羞恥的作出搭訕起來。524Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDCloYfCuCJ
524Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5tNHZRQr2w
524Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDmIWTDLhXp
女生負(沒有D antigen)，男生負(沒有D antigen)，嬰兒便一定會是負(沒有D antigen)，新生兒溶血症的發生機會亦因而大大減低。524Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYMMSjwfBsj
524Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYDNWls8wZ8
524Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCn8DCzbpey
「我對克BB的愛並不會因為這些正正負負影響得到的，你別痴心妄想啦!」524Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNYFfquJr8U
那名女生大聲的作出責罵後，隨即窩在那名男生的懷中，展示出自己的恩愛。524Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmOFnCeeY3z
524Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkALP0e8jEr
524Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6A3EcrcGbj
524Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ19L9FdXWqB
「唉，你也不是我的伯樂嗎....?524Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxIIQmRKI6v
世間上的伯樂全都死掉了嗎?524Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡh5y3ibkvRT
524Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEJgNw83uyo
我這隻絕世好馬，究竟應如何在這亂世中自處呢，天呀!」524Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUbt8hdGrto
那名姓馬的男生右手撥了一下頭上時髦的「花倫同學」的髮型，一臉恨鐵不成鋼的模樣。524Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQk30syrE90
524Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡiecNAvDPxF
524Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgau36LUduK
524Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡq9fbXJ3HME
「其實，第一胎出現新生兒溶血症的機率應該是相對的較低吧!524Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSWwxMxxzdi
再加上現今科技如此先進，一定會有方法解決Rh正負所引起的問題!」524Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡug1xSIINNI
姓克的那位男生托了一下眼鏡，用著安慰的語氣對著那名女生說了起來。524Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡurr9jKdzOS
524Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbFo9GqSHHW
524Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQOzJrUdqKp
馬同學、克同學及其在旁女生的對話，血時均聽得一清二楚。524Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgAVF52jiFk
對於克同學的見解，血時可是非常的認同。524Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡrSSdGabwTw
524Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwgJvkCSIp6
「這位男同學說得一點也沒有錯!」524Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjy36DKcivp
524Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡx53yKhG0cN
胎兒和母體的血液循環系統均是獨立的個體，胎兒的紅血球在正常情況下是不會進入母體血液循環裡頭的。524Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡphabsrJfO6
524Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfTgQOYxk31
在Rh血型為負的母親來說，除非曾經在輸血過程中接受過擁有D antigen的血液，否則在自身的血液裡頭間理應是不會存有D antigen的抗體;524Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSftqx6YU9D
524Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPoscpuFF2a
這亦是Rh系統和ABO系統其中一種不同的地方，ABO的H antigen和天然間所存在的糖分結構非常相似。長久接觸底下，正常人體的血液均存在著對應的H antigen抗體。524Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡC3FkzH6UhR
524Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWGB7X2Tgkz
524Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXbDch47BsP
524Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2yfC3IakQm
雖則胎盤阻隔著母子的血液循環系統，但在母親產下第一胎的期間，過程中將會有很大的機會與胎兒的血液接觸。524Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVDkRkpnqlz
若胎兒為Rh正而母親為Rh負的話，這便會觸發母親體內D antigen抗體的產生;524Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSO6ZSHOBQX
524Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWPslEpsuQa
只不過，若果母親的ABO血型與胎兒的ABO血液不吻合的話，母親體內的H antigen抗體將會快速消除胎兒的紅血球，這時候D antigen暴露於母體免疫系統的機會亦會相對減低，有機會可以避免D antigen抗體的產生。524Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZaZnvTE90a
524Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡna4jp5fW2t
524Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ646OWNuoMl
無論如何，這些由第一胎臨盤而產生出來的D antigen抗體，將會有很大的機會影響第二胎Rh正的胎兒。524Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWhBYPsAnf0
524Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGtYjthO62t
不過不用害怕，現今醫療科技發達，醫生均有著各種手段檢查胎兒的狀況，亦有各種方法檢測母體及胎兒的ABO及Rh血型。524Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡcHejAiRgy2
在某幾種情況下更會為母親注入D antigen的抗體，避免母親接觸到外來的D antigen，必要時更可為在母體內的胎兒輸血，更換死去的紅血球細胞。524Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYBpgEDZxWD
524Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFiLDMDGY4B
524Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6jibQgQoYI
524Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqp1xDSqVAt
因Rh系統不吻合而不能作出敦倫的情況，在現今的社會上是不會發生的。524Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGSlO416de6
524Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXss4SSsFVQ
524Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡy5tGdopB8z
______________________________________524Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbgyPbxPaKQ
524Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡB8hG26d7Ab
524Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBzolExEmC8
鈴...鈴...鈴.....524Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRkYJth8Mk2
524Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbLkCqk4DrQ
講解的時間過得特別快，說到Rh血液系統的時候下課鐘聲亦恰巧的響起。524Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgnA0WHvlB2
524Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡlHUsVQ3GIk
血時迅速的收拾個人物品，啪啪聲的關上電腦，比在座的學生們更快的離開演講廳。524Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMw4eliZMyV
524Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡf1D4Z8afJR
524Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdQo5DMO9uV
「血..血時教授...」524Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡz9tSWtXis9
那名為茱燕的女同學本意是在下課的時候找血時商量一些事情的，奈何血時的行動實在過於迅速，她完全找不到任何的機會喝停血時。524Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVUDYP2nf6b
524Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1vFcX3FTpa
524Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbXHEgorWTG
524Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPmjQyRBow5
「......」524Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡt6wXS99gpa
她打開演講廳的門口，四周張望，只見血時往著月亮咖啡店的方向奔跑起來。524Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnG70ZF72e2
524Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgHgzsD9AWQ
524Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgk2nTZz48R
「你...沒吃早餐嗎?」524Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgRyWQC83Tu
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