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Congenital heart disease is a type of heart defect present at birth. It occurs when there is a problem with the heart's structure or the blood vessels surrounding it. Congenital heart disease is the most common type of birth defect, affecting approximately 1% of all live births.
There are many different types of congenital heart disease, ranging from simple defects that may not require treatment to more complex defects that may require surgery or other medical intervention. Some common types of congenital heart disease include:
Atrial septal defect: A hole in the wall between the heart's two upper chambers.
Ventricular septal defect: A hole in the wall between the heart's two lower chambers.
Patent ductus arteriosus: The ductus arteriosus, a blood vessel that usually closes after birth, remains open.
Tetralogy of Fallot: A combination of four heart defects that can lead to decreased oxygen levels in the blood.
Transposition of the great arteries: This is a condition in which the main arteries carrying blood to and from the heart are reversed.
Congenital heart disease can be diagnosed before or after birth. A congenital heart defect may be detected during pregnancy through prenatal screening tests, such as an ultrasound or blood test. After birth, a congenital heart defect may be diagnosed through a physical examination, medical history, and imaging tests such as an echocardiogram.
Treatment for congenital heart disease depends on the type and severity of the defect. Some defects may resolve independently, while others may require medication, surgery, or other medical interventions. In some cases, a child with congenital heart disease may need to be monitored by a cardiologist throughout their lifetime.
Parents need to be aware of the signs and symptoms of congenital heart disease, which may include difficulty breathing, rapid breathing, poor feeding, and a bluish tint to the skin. If you suspect your child may have a congenital heart defect, it is crucial to speak with a healthcare provider as soon as possible. Early diagnosis and treatment can help improve the outlook of children with congenital heart disease.
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