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Hyperthyroidism, also known as an overactive thyroid, is a condition in which the thyroid gland produces too much of the hormone thyroxine. The thyroid is a small butterfly-shaped gland in the neck that produces hormones that regulate the body's metabolism, which is the process by which the body converts food into energy. When the thyroid produces too much thyroxine, the body's metabolism speeds up, leading to many symptoms.
Symptoms of hyperthyroidism can vary, but common symptoms include weight loss, increased appetite, rapid heartbeat, nervousness, anxiety, irritability, sweating, and difficulty sleeping. Some people may also experience tremors, muscle weakness, and a goitre (an enlarged thyroid gland).
Hyperthyroidism is typically caused by an autoimmune disorder called Graves' disease, which causes the immune system to attack the thyroid gland. However, other causes of hyperthyroidism can include toxic adenoma, subacute thyroiditis, and thyroiditis caused by pregnancy or certain medications.
Diagnosis of hyperthyroidism typically begins with a physical exam and a review of the patient's medical history. Blood tests are also used to measure levels of thyroid hormones and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) in the blood. A high level of thyroxine and a low level of TSH are indicative of hyperthyroidism.
Treatment of hyperthyroidism depends on the underlying cause and the severity of the symptoms. Treatment options include antithyroid medication, radioactive iodine therapy, and surgery to remove the thyroid gland. Beta-blockers can also help control symptoms such as rapid heartbeat and tremors.
Hyperthyroidism can be a severe condition. If left untreated, it can lead to complications such as osteoporosis, heart problems, and eye problems. It is important for people who have symptoms of hyperthyroidism to see a healthcare provider for diagnosis and treatment.
Hyperthyroidism is a condition in which the thyroid gland produces too much of the hormone thyroxine, leading to increased metabolism. Symptoms include weight loss, increased appetite, rapid heartbeat, nervousness, and goitre. It is typically caused by an autoimmune disorder called Graves' disease, but other causes exist. Treatment options include antithyroid medication, radioactive iodine therapy, surgery, and beta-blockers. It's important to diagnose and treat hyperthyroidism to prevent complications.
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