一個正常人的紅血球，表面約有二百萬條決定ABO血型的H antigen左右;619Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5h0jzNuGSt
除了紅血球外，H antigen均可在血管內側及大多數器官內膜上找到，可以算之為非常普遍。619Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLjxtU6j3cJ
619Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFjqaVeVwD9
雖然現今科技非常發達，全世界的科研人數亦有一定的數量，但是暫時還沒有人找得出這些H antigen的真正作用究竟是甚麼。619Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡib9cM6vhR3
619Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2ia6ckwlGy
至少，莫論你的血型是A還是B、是AB還是O，大家亦能健健康康的成長。619Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmUbLH8WS9s
619Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡl2KlV87PQm
619Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNh47iQjLUR
只不過，有研究清楚的顯示，O型血液人們裡頭的某兩種蛋白質( factor VII 和 von Willebrand factor)的含量比其他血型人士少約百分之二十五左右。619Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡthtmLqToO3
這兩種蛋白質輔助血液凝固，缺少這兩種蛋白質的話將會導致血流不止的出現。619Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡyHa3qbadOL
619Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGYGc4XiIlH
反向作思考，血液裡頭這兩種蛋白質含量過高的話，亦將會增加血液凝固的機會，促成心臟梗塞的出現。619Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡAGyw5QgDnZ
然而，有數據指出，O型人士患心肌梗塞的機率的確是比其型血液的比較為低，可是詳細及箇中的機制尚未能搞得清楚。619Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGja1rnFALB
619Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5qEIsVDcbj
619Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2RpiigSzPg
619Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡObdq6Oi6wY
「Osh! 我可是O血型的! 更甚的是，我吃薯條的時候也不會點上任何醬汁的呢!」619Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6VX7Dkzf0M
聽到心肌梗塞的數據後，一名坐在後方吃著早晨全餐的男學生把薯餅高高舉起，一臉得戚的大聲宣揚起來。619Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUuqtVA5U5Q
619Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZfC4iATU6R
「咳咳..薯餅同學，吃過多油膩食物的話，O型血液應該也幫不到你多少的呢!」619Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJpqX40Hx86
血時裝咳了幾聲，意味深長的作出回應。619Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJM1leFIf7q
619Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡC51nJIApDQ
619Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡeDAd4YSOlq
哈哈哈哈....哈哈哈哈哈!619Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpmK9CSybSF
619Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡcdgkYdpCJv
此話一出，全班同學隨即大聲歡笑起來，那名薯餅同學只好面面相覷的低著頭，細口細口咀嚼薯餅，不敢再發任何一言。619Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOlqM7O7Lyq
619Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡrm7bQkEv19
619Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ05ldkzbGeQ
大笑過後，血時繼續作出生動的講解起來。619Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxNPbedIQcS
619Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMVGu6FzmgW
「我們身體裡頭的免疫系統可是勞苦功高的，二十四小時不斷運作，未曾有一刻會作出休息。619Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡsWZlHUlxxM
619Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡlS83xehA7L
若果我們的免疫系統這一刻像第五排由我右手邊數起的第三名穿著藍色背心的男同學一樣在昏昏欲睡的話，那就真的是非常大件事了，將會有一系列的感染發生呢!」619Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYsL6suigrG
619Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8eNtiuqDE8
619Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡK2nHdtHGD5
我們的免疫細胞會在血管裡頭二十四小時不斷巡邏，它們會利用細胞表面上的antigen(抗原)來判斷出對方是否外來入侵者，並對入侵者作出一系列的應對。619Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡuOeP0Jfc5y
619Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfTDTe1PofI
以O血型人士為例，自身紅血球上的薯條(H antigen)並沒有點上任何醬汁，故此便會把點上了茄汁或甜酸醬薯條(A、B或AB血型的H antigen)的紅血球視為外來物質，製作抗體作出對抗，並把外來的紅血球除掉。619Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXgZEj2vIb6
619Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnyox2vWUqc
______________________________________619Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBVMPwOtS1g
619Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡR3t7a4muhb
619Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVqLXHq6cSK
「血時教授，有時候我見到有人會在血型上寫上O+。那個加號是不是有著甚麼意思的呢?」619Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNoagCevz4K
619Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYTTamTucQN
619Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQyVb5fjsOk
「唔，那個+號其實是另一種血型分類法的表達方式來的。」619Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfm2X5ZjnrK
除了ABO血型分類方法之外，另一種較為常見的就是Rh分類方式，簡易起見通常會以正負號作表示。619Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbw6mLhhRd1
619Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡST6jWzofkk
Rh分類法的產生源自於1939年一件悲慘的事件，在ABO分類法建立了四十年後左右。619Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfVMW7IKDOJ
619Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBNU5UchSPY
一名懷孕中的母親急需血液輸送，她的丈夫經過ABO血液檢驗被確定為適合的捐血者，因而理所當然地把自己的血液捐給自己的老婆。619Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡlzpjt1ILYg
619Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHl74Bj4Sg0
無奈的是，排斥作用在捐血的過程後發生，母親的血液內含抗體把丈夫的紅血球一一消滅，產生了強大的副作用。619Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHX34nOroxN
619Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡb6nlIlb55J
最終，雖然保住了母親的性命，但胎兒卻不幸地喪生。619Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡw9y2dtKkpp
619Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡopTFqva8HL
619Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMdSishdbm5
經過一輪驗證，事件相信是在母親懷孕的期間裡頭開始發生的。619Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3UWfwfrHIU
她血液裡頭的免疫系統在懷孕時候遇上了胎兒紅血球的抗原(antigen)，認定為外來之物並因而產生抗體。619Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡuOmlxgbtsQ
抗體通過胎盤進入胎兒裡頭，把其紅血球消滅，導致胎兒慘死的意外。619Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwIlAtHz6ZN
619Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfgpz3fOniz
然而，老公的血液裡頭有著如胎兒紅血球上一模一樣的抗原。因此在捐血的過程後，母親的免疫系統亦產生了劇烈的反應。619Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUF7XBUsnud
619Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡT8LnmL3KZ1
在事件發生後的前段時期，科學家誤以為那紅血球上的抗源與恒河猴(Rhesus Monkey)所產生出的抗體吻合，故此便把那抗原命名為 Rhesus factor。619Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡrIgBkQxj0U
619Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkChoHdRpjE
後來，經過多番驗證後，最終發現原來他們擺了烏龍，導致意外發生的抗原是為另一道抗源，並不是早前發現的Rhesus factor。619Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡlDhUQMIqvI
但因為Rhesus 這個名字當時已廣泛使用的關係，所以便決定簡稱以Rh作最終命名，免卻Rhesus這名字所帶來的混淆及誤會。619Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3LfrSBDxes
619Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZR9mBTQ3iR
619Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCQxRhPN68k
619Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmy12YZcwFi
Rh系統比ABO系統更為複雜，相比ABO只有3種抗原組合，Rh系統的抗原組合多達49種組別之多;619Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZekECN58af
619Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡuDWm8LNq83
ABO系統的抗原主要是由碳水化合物而組成，而Rh系統的則是由蛋白質組成。619Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡaqeQbrqMt9
619Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVL9kQvOugy
對於新生嬰兒及懷孕女士來說，Rh裡頭的D antigen相對上較為重要。正因如此，Rh系統裡頭的正和負就是代表著D antigen的存在與否。619Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTJbOdiDpYx
619Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtbzPKO73fo
假設母親的紅血球並沒有D antigen，而父親的紅血球有著D antigen的話，其胎兒的紅血球便有機會在父親的遺傳下帶有D antigen。619Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhmsUkjw93j
619Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSxd2Hk36JH
母親自身沒有D antigen的關係，便會把嬰兒紅血球的D antigen視作為外來之物;619Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzR6zMcC8lm
619Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2uWqWXu6Tx
她的免疫系統因而針對D antigen產生抗體，通過胎盤進入的嬰兒的血液循環系統裡頭，消除其體內的紅血球。619Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡyXWmwQhDTP
619Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡt6qLlR0AZc
619Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡq5KOEH6CNQ
嘩....呀.....619Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwodS9PISaq
619Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡsYsopf4BCg
在場的女同學聽到這裡後，無不感到嘩然及驚恐起來，連忙拿起捐血咭查看自己究竟是正還是負。619Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4tbOtlPkIo
619Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡksYZEbS1P9
619Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPulcTa0TId
「血時教授，在這裡我有一件事不太明白，為何在懷孕方面裡頭，我們好像只是會顧及Rh系統，而不太理會ABO血液系統的呢?」619Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgceujCVIfn
619Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡN8hmL9q73y
「Good Question!619Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUcpfo8ObBG
這位同學的Mid-term測驗我會私自加你1分!」619Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWLM0cVTMlK
619Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSD2WanuUTJ
619Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXXnE2XEGSH
619Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdSvUC0mevY
619Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3OVL975LQ7
619Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡsqmpfbznMI
619Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡIyA9gyz5Ni
619Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡihXMNNM383
619Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJD2bHaJud5
619Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSipHtHPloE
619Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKOQPNS173K
619Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPnz0ffecsQ
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「吓? 1分咁小?」619Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqLbQNpC4wp
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