在胎盤膜的阻隔下,胎兒與母親各自有著自己的血液循環系統。雖然各自的血液不會混和在一起,但氧氣、營養、代謝物及某幾種類別的抗體卻能夠通過胎盤網的微孔,互相在母子母女之間作出交換。485Please respect copyright.PENANASerxRXmAZ3
485Please respect copyright.PENANApmUjasUvcc
485Please respect copyright.PENANAonbO4FPnnH
在母親懷孕的時期,其自身的一部份抗體將會經由胎盤傳送到胎兒的循環系統裡頭,為他或她抵禦外來物種的侵襲;485Please respect copyright.PENANAhlxKEX4nhl
胎兒的免疫系統在母體裡頭並未能夠發展得盡善盡美的關係,母親的協助是非常重要的。485Please respect copyright.PENANAGYWNsHj3Oh
485Please respect copyright.PENANA3FgJVyLpfN
這種無私的幫助看起上來的確非常美好,但無奈魔鬼在細節,當中亦牽伸出一個重要的問題ㄧ485Please respect copyright.PENANAdIlkLgNKky
485Please respect copyright.PENANAQPi5hxQfD5
抗體的母嬰利益輸送,無形間造就了母體的抗體攻擊胎兒紅血球的契機,引起醫學界所稱為的「新生兒溶血症」(Hemolytic disease of the newborn,HDN)。485Please respect copyright.PENANA06g0cItz4D
485Please respect copyright.PENANAi8E9gi0ubz
新生兒溶血症的嚴重性取決於胎兒紅血球被收抗體所攻擊的程度,若果被幹掉的紅血球數量並不算多的話,胎兒通常均能自我抵禦得住,當中有機會產生輕微貧血或黃疸症狀,情況不太嚴重的話並不需要作出任何治療。485Please respect copyright.PENANADey4XWivsE
485Please respect copyright.PENANAmvWwHKPXQB
但是,若果紅血球被過量分解的話,身體裡頭的膽紅素便會不斷的積聚下來。胎兒若果還在母體的話,膽紅素尚可經由胎盤透過血液系統傳遞到母親的肝臟裡頭作出分解,由母親為孩兒作出分擔。485Please respect copyright.PENANA76u3MXMdgG
485Please respect copyright.PENANAtBKPFuntBL
若胎兒脫離母體,尤其是在出世後首二十四小時裡頭發生紅血球被過量分解情況的話,情況就真的是不堪設想;485Please respect copyright.PENANALG7qu41tTU
485Please respect copyright.PENANA2zMPC1feh8
胎兒肝臟在初出世的期間並沒有足夠的能力分解過多的膽紅素,膽紅素的血液濃度會逐漸的增加,最終更會進入腦部,做成永久性的神經損毀。485Please respect copyright.PENANAMJyCpX5aIe
485Please respect copyright.PENANA02LHMlzXkc
485Please respect copyright.PENANAlH2SG2M07l
485Please respect copyright.PENANAXu4LuY5nsQ
485Please respect copyright.PENANAip7w1864o7
在新生兒溶血症方面,Rh系統的D antigen對比於ABO系統的H antigen顯得較為重要。485Please respect copyright.PENANAsOJVUDkT2O
485Please respect copyright.PENANAP2LahPVvJB
主要的原因分別有兩個,第一就是胎兒紅血球上的H antigen數量比成人紅血球為顯注的少,故此不太容易會觸發免疫反應。485Please respect copyright.PENANAWpWaWJKpvL
485Please respect copyright.PENANABe5mIsELYB
第二就是ABO系統的H antigen並不局限於在紅血球,在胎兒各種表皮及內膜的細胞上均能找到H antigen,因此母體的H antigen抗體遇上胎兒紅血球上的H antigen機會亦相對地大大減少;485Please respect copyright.PENANA6O4yrXBOnz
485Please respect copyright.PENANArURAR2GSmk
相反,Rh系統的D antigen只會在紅血球上找到,其他器官及細胞並不存在D antigen,母體的D antigen抗體將會針對性的攻擊胎兒紅血球。485Please respect copyright.PENANAOkjKaEQz6I
485Please respect copyright.PENANAE4tCGlZaRc
485Please respect copyright.PENANAW3F8aTgDJh
正因如此,在絕大多數的情況下,新生兒溶血症引致的致命情況均是由母體及胎兒的Rh系統不相容引起的。485Please respect copyright.PENANAKYJnpXquvO
485Please respect copyright.PENANAFMPZA9CHAX
(亞洲人的族裔,約只有百分之二的人口持有Rh負血型。)485Please respect copyright.PENANA6yDgD1PwDP
____________________________________485Please respect copyright.PENANAfvz6ViKKxT
485Please respect copyright.PENANA1EuViGDd4e
「克BB,我血型是A-哦,你呢?」485Please respect copyright.PENANA6zLHC3Iu2n
得悉Rh正負系統的重要性後,坐在席上的一位女生跟在旁的男同學嬌嗲的說了起來。485Please respect copyright.PENANAQNHXHLBjTS
485Please respect copyright.PENANApxHuvwFsI9
「我是B+....」485Please respect copyright.PENANAi2v4L11NEJ
那名姓克的男生單手拿著捐血卡,神態自若的說著。485Please respect copyright.PENANAEwBPC8zzWu
485Please respect copyright.PENANAcj1Fy9ZKck
「吓.....? 正? 為甚麼你會這樣不差氣的?485Please respect copyright.PENANAEmSaMcDjhq
我很喜歡小孩子的哦,那怎樣辦呀,BB?」485Please respect copyright.PENANAFEoQrHFkmD
485Please respect copyright.PENANAGEPnyY42lI
485Please respect copyright.PENANAuk1gl5W8Vc
女生負(沒有D antigen),男生正(有D antigen),嬰兒便有機會是正(50或100%有D antigen)。485Please respect copyright.PENANAuF3GHPn4hI
女生本身的紅血球沒有D antigen,嬰兒紅血球上的D antigen便會被視作為外來之物,被母體的免疫系統攻勢,引發新生兒溶血症出現的可能性; 那名女生是這樣的想著。485Please respect copyright.PENANAYXStOehn5K
485Please respect copyright.PENANATkmZ7mK2eO
485Please respect copyright.PENANAOdE4u4mCud
「喂,靚女,我姓馬,血型B-,名副其實是你的駙馬呢!485Please respect copyright.PENANAIwQn64kCnn
有沒有興趣下課後一起看電影,互相了解一下對方?」485Please respect copyright.PENANAL9M8IKz6Wj
那名女生身後的一名男生,洋洋得意不知羞恥的作出搭訕起來。485Please respect copyright.PENANAe1brJz4UuT
485Please respect copyright.PENANAHnk7Ci8Z0A
485Please respect copyright.PENANAmN7SAYDxwn
女生負(沒有D antigen),男生負(沒有D antigen),嬰兒便一定會是負(沒有D antigen),新生兒溶血症的發生機會亦因而大大減低。485Please respect copyright.PENANA88e5vxHb10
485Please respect copyright.PENANAvTJElHdDi5
485Please respect copyright.PENANAc7fyUgSJez
「我對克BB的愛並不會因為這些正正負負影響得到的,你別痴心妄想啦!」485Please respect copyright.PENANAKSlOfzCXyd
那名女生大聲的作出責罵後,隨即窩在那名男生的懷中,展示出自己的恩愛。485Please respect copyright.PENANAQQgzEdy8FX
485Please respect copyright.PENANAbwg3OhwcTL
485Please respect copyright.PENANAuXZ9hhx47w
485Please respect copyright.PENANA16ys9CEl9M
「唉,你也不是我的伯樂嗎....?485Please respect copyright.PENANATPCsUDTdNc
世間上的伯樂全都死掉了嗎?485Please respect copyright.PENANAJMTibNXSRy
485Please respect copyright.PENANA9aCyl94oCQ
我這隻絕世好馬,究竟應如何在這亂世中自處呢,天呀!」485Please respect copyright.PENANADsHxIaB5xZ
那名姓馬的男生右手撥了一下頭上時髦的「花倫同學」的髮型,一臉恨鐵不成鋼的模樣。485Please respect copyright.PENANALDicj6RAcR
485Please respect copyright.PENANAOTDGoWloxp
485Please respect copyright.PENANAZEKRjtUDNb
485Please respect copyright.PENANAH1YapLADbT
「其實,第一胎出現新生兒溶血症的機率應該是相對的較低吧!485Please respect copyright.PENANAvjS4tohNJ7
再加上現今科技如此先進,一定會有方法解決Rh正負所引起的問題!」485Please respect copyright.PENANAKbxZpH9qPi
姓克的那位男生托了一下眼鏡,用著安慰的語氣對著那名女生說了起來。485Please respect copyright.PENANAeuNhYYxZeI
485Please respect copyright.PENANAkqy0jOuw9y
485Please respect copyright.PENANAvzGwmYRcbW
馬同學、克同學及其在旁女生的對話,血時均聽得一清二楚。485Please respect copyright.PENANA6OnVheK23w
對於克同學的見解,血時可是非常的認同。485Please respect copyright.PENANAUFxHHnGOy8
485Please respect copyright.PENANAiq9ue0qClO
「這位男同學說得一點也沒有錯!」485Please respect copyright.PENANAG3nqzgNmv1
485Please respect copyright.PENANAvjmj7kBCGW
胎兒和母體的血液循環系統均是獨立的個體,胎兒的紅血球在正常情況下是不會進入母體血液循環裡頭的。485Please respect copyright.PENANATm254OutNd
485Please respect copyright.PENANAc6l5XWhtrs
在Rh血型為負的母親來說,除非曾經在輸血過程中接受過擁有D antigen的血液,否則在自身的血液裡頭間理應是不會存有D antigen的抗體;485Please respect copyright.PENANAl9cBK30RG9
485Please respect copyright.PENANAMxa8ZjDaJ4
這亦是Rh系統和ABO系統其中一種不同的地方,ABO的H antigen和天然間所存在的糖分結構非常相似。長久接觸底下,正常人體的血液均存在著對應的H antigen抗體。485Please respect copyright.PENANAwxfCxURCMH
485Please respect copyright.PENANAIL0bcpDlAk
485Please respect copyright.PENANA5nLfggNcWV
485Please respect copyright.PENANAhDPiB0nmP1
雖則胎盤阻隔著母子的血液循環系統,但在母親產下第一胎的期間,過程中將會有很大的機會與胎兒的血液接觸。485Please respect copyright.PENANAjxYMVxSwPU
若胎兒為Rh正而母親為Rh負的話,這便會觸發母親體內D antigen抗體的產生;485Please respect copyright.PENANAOf6HhjB8UQ
485Please respect copyright.PENANAMAaRM7aWri
只不過,若果母親的ABO血型與胎兒的ABO血液不吻合的話,母親體內的H antigen抗體將會快速消除胎兒的紅血球,這時候D antigen暴露於母體免疫系統的機會亦會相對減低,有機會可以避免D antigen抗體的產生。485Please respect copyright.PENANAVb0QEcXf1G
485Please respect copyright.PENANARsqoCNn0f1
485Please respect copyright.PENANAUaPqpCclKV
無論如何,這些由第一胎臨盤而產生出來的D antigen抗體,將會有很大的機會影響第二胎Rh正的胎兒。485Please respect copyright.PENANANwWfgZfosB
485Please respect copyright.PENANA2BB3ezdFlP
不過不用害怕,現今醫療科技發達,醫生均有著各種手段檢查胎兒的狀況,亦有各種方法檢測母體及胎兒的ABO及Rh血型。485Please respect copyright.PENANAqMGFekQ3FB
在某幾種情況下更會為母親注入D antigen的抗體,避免母親接觸到外來的D antigen,必要時更可為在母體內的胎兒輸血,更換死去的紅血球細胞。485Please respect copyright.PENANAgrLR3lyaHX
485Please respect copyright.PENANAvZZqfterOA
485Please respect copyright.PENANAGbsvmJ22oz
485Please respect copyright.PENANAnRNtDrmjFg
因Rh系統不吻合而不能作出敦倫的情況,在現今的社會上是不會發生的。485Please respect copyright.PENANAFRZbFYrlJO
485Please respect copyright.PENANA5HPRPZcJa5
485Please respect copyright.PENANAMADeuSELVm
______________________________________485Please respect copyright.PENANAAXVLY7fJLQ
485Please respect copyright.PENANAEysi5ctzVy
485Please respect copyright.PENANABy3wJYnES9
鈴...鈴...鈴.....485Please respect copyright.PENANALuoVBSx0La
485Please respect copyright.PENANAe6pkZtFqSF
講解的時間過得特別快,說到Rh血液系統的時候下課鐘聲亦恰巧的響起。485Please respect copyright.PENANAHxMzRDzv9J
485Please respect copyright.PENANAmv33yuFxiL
血時迅速的收拾個人物品,啪啪聲的關上電腦,比在座的學生們更快的離開演講廳。485Please respect copyright.PENANAlTDAXGjfG9
485Please respect copyright.PENANAiBBcNI4FrR
485Please respect copyright.PENANAfz6RKNeemF
「血..血時教授...」485Please respect copyright.PENANANnwzIQsFtb
那名為茱燕的女同學本意是在下課的時候找血時商量一些事情的,奈何血時的行動實在過於迅速,她完全找不到任何的機會喝停血時。485Please respect copyright.PENANA9fjPqXUEhx
485Please respect copyright.PENANAcAOjNJlzk7
485Please respect copyright.PENANA44yh1oguEE
485Please respect copyright.PENANA08p8jRXjns
「......」485Please respect copyright.PENANAlpmjKvC6wH
她打開演講廳的門口,四周張望,只見血時往著月亮咖啡店的方向奔跑起來。485Please respect copyright.PENANAFSwddY7rWv
485Please respect copyright.PENANAIeg7cjS9B5
485Please respect copyright.PENANATZ94gnJ7Qr
「你...沒吃早餐嗎?」485Please respect copyright.PENANA59DDWJN8ry