在胎盤膜的阻隔下，胎兒與母親各自有著自己的血液循環系統。雖然各自的血液不會混和在一起，但氧氣、營養、代謝物及某幾種類別的抗體卻能夠通過胎盤網的微孔，互相在母子母女之間作出交換。525Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGN3ldrQUL1
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在母親懷孕的時期，其自身的一部份抗體將會經由胎盤傳送到胎兒的循環系統裡頭，為他或她抵禦外來物種的侵襲;525Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOlwROU6kD3
胎兒的免疫系統在母體裡頭並未能夠發展得盡善盡美的關係，母親的協助是非常重要的。525Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡls6pwDy5hV
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這種無私的幫助看起上來的確非常美好，但無奈魔鬼在細節，當中亦牽伸出一個重要的問題ㄧ525Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjH3NzWaATR
525Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpsDLrhzTJR
抗體的母嬰利益輸送，無形間造就了母體的抗體攻擊胎兒紅血球的契機，引起醫學界所稱為的「新生兒溶血症」(Hemolytic disease of the newborn,HDN)。525Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ91vdgqAX0e
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新生兒溶血症的嚴重性取決於胎兒紅血球被收抗體所攻擊的程度，若果被幹掉的紅血球數量並不算多的話，胎兒通常均能自我抵禦得住，當中有機會產生輕微貧血或黃疸症狀，情況不太嚴重的話並不需要作出任何治療。525Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqttr3i7qcH
525Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ76Df1jwjrI
但是，若果紅血球被過量分解的話，身體裡頭的膽紅素便會不斷的積聚下來。胎兒若果還在母體的話，膽紅素尚可經由胎盤透過血液系統傳遞到母親的肝臟裡頭作出分解，由母親為孩兒作出分擔。525Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmS2L0SlODc
525Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6fWiVJ9IV8
若胎兒脫離母體，尤其是在出世後首二十四小時裡頭發生紅血球被過量分解情況的話，情況就真的是不堪設想;525Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡd0PsbGuFW7
525Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7CyZTXfkMf
胎兒肝臟在初出世的期間並沒有足夠的能力分解過多的膽紅素，膽紅素的血液濃度會逐漸的增加，最終更會進入腦部，做成永久性的神經損毀。525Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnWP5bqVIYX
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在新生兒溶血症方面，Rh系統的D antigen對比於ABO系統的H antigen顯得較為重要。525Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDDHKTX9ttm
525Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJcLgTNyIZ2
主要的原因分別有兩個，第一就是胎兒紅血球上的H antigen數量比成人紅血球為顯注的少，故此不太容易會觸發免疫反應。525Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwc9Ts7Kq3a
525Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkwUNGvCsYK
第二就是ABO系統的H antigen並不局限於在紅血球，在胎兒各種表皮及內膜的細胞上均能找到H antigen，因此母體的H antigen抗體遇上胎兒紅血球上的H antigen機會亦相對地大大減少;525Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPBtzxxTZQx
525Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡC3iwZeqfc0
相反，Rh系統的D antigen只會在紅血球上找到，其他器官及細胞並不存在D antigen，母體的D antigen抗體將會針對性的攻擊胎兒紅血球。525Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxunkSRTNvi
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正因如此，在絕大多數的情況下，新生兒溶血症引致的致命情況均是由母體及胎兒的Rh系統不相容引起的。525Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfcGS1cq2qM
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(亞洲人的族裔，約只有百分之二的人口持有Rh負血型。)525Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZ2QgJ7m3G8
____________________________________525Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQCwT0L40Jf
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「克BB，我血型是A-哦，你呢?」525Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡshK4gGUJzL
得悉Rh正負系統的重要性後，坐在席上的一位女生跟在旁的男同學嬌嗲的說了起來。525Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJkbwQ3iWB3
525Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡC4GxeyoQcp
「我是B+....」525Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPTcqGgImwR
那名姓克的男生單手拿著捐血卡，神態自若的說著。525Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqI2SIwAR97
525Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxCRNWHDjy1
「吓.....? 正? 為甚麼你會這樣不差氣的?525Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ35pIo7dMHQ
我很喜歡小孩子的哦，那怎樣辦呀，BB?」525Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3YpDvmiea8
525Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡt5zU3bYbQ4
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女生負(沒有D antigen)，男生正(有D antigen)，嬰兒便有機會是正(50或100%有D antigen)。525Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCzLONBfOQR
女生本身的紅血球沒有D antigen，嬰兒紅血球上的D antigen便會被視作為外來之物，被母體的免疫系統攻勢，引發新生兒溶血症出現的可能性; 那名女生是這樣的想著。525Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxCC0JEoOAl
525Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRH9Mt3HfTr
525Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7JJ4ESWUCq
「喂，靚女，我姓馬，血型B-，名副其實是你的駙馬呢!525Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBkIe986FP3
有沒有興趣下課後一起看電影，互相了解一下對方?」525Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡayTFL98hh9
那名女生身後的一名男生，洋洋得意不知羞恥的作出搭訕起來。525Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFacXK0rJir
525Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7rVZOIG06K
525Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVdUsu2PAU3
女生負(沒有D antigen)，男生負(沒有D antigen)，嬰兒便一定會是負(沒有D antigen)，新生兒溶血症的發生機會亦因而大大減低。525Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgTVnslWDkO
525Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1X2N9otSUF
525Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjukQhKGaL8
「我對克BB的愛並不會因為這些正正負負影響得到的，你別痴心妄想啦!」525Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡaNjFuweKQB
那名女生大聲的作出責罵後，隨即窩在那名男生的懷中，展示出自己的恩愛。525Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡrOssY40jro
525Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡaEHL7ncvSx
525Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡcg4bzNQncf
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「唉，你也不是我的伯樂嗎....?525Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡS5CdiHIypn
世間上的伯樂全都死掉了嗎?525Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡV08g2G7ykZ
525Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBngLM632oY
我這隻絕世好馬，究竟應如何在這亂世中自處呢，天呀!」525Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbhBkHztUYz
那名姓馬的男生右手撥了一下頭上時髦的「花倫同學」的髮型，一臉恨鐵不成鋼的模樣。525Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKxSJTZaJcn
525Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3FRHF9p3NN
525Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡl9HlM5uiNQ
525Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7BvCc2fxUV
「其實，第一胎出現新生兒溶血症的機率應該是相對的較低吧!525Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ32SZCBpyE4
再加上現今科技如此先進，一定會有方法解決Rh正負所引起的問題!」525Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡp8Hc6PF0p0
姓克的那位男生托了一下眼鏡，用著安慰的語氣對著那名女生說了起來。525Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRJAgo3UIBE
525Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZTaEudY2r9
525Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1q2ULLFVnI
馬同學、克同學及其在旁女生的對話，血時均聽得一清二楚。525Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTC1zzOt7Oe
對於克同學的見解，血時可是非常的認同。525Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBqhBlHZDmH
525Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQa1yzvNrbV
「這位男同學說得一點也沒有錯!」525Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2X9tNlZJL2
525Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡB0401DkPPP
胎兒和母體的血液循環系統均是獨立的個體，胎兒的紅血球在正常情況下是不會進入母體血液循環裡頭的。525Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHRZbYP8Pvu
525Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1QlXJwrV4e
在Rh血型為負的母親來說，除非曾經在輸血過程中接受過擁有D antigen的血液，否則在自身的血液裡頭間理應是不會存有D antigen的抗體;525Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5CuIWvXlr5
525Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQUf3EsSDrt
這亦是Rh系統和ABO系統其中一種不同的地方，ABO的H antigen和天然間所存在的糖分結構非常相似。長久接觸底下，正常人體的血液均存在著對應的H antigen抗體。525Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡD18WQqQ0Jb
525Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡp8n4nKFMjG
525Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHb5FsxAaPI
525Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡM6FrFtRwTv
雖則胎盤阻隔著母子的血液循環系統，但在母親產下第一胎的期間，過程中將會有很大的機會與胎兒的血液接觸。525Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOQNBzZR6aQ
若胎兒為Rh正而母親為Rh負的話，這便會觸發母親體內D antigen抗體的產生;525Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvoluAy7J2i
525Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbdW84tJj5v
只不過，若果母親的ABO血型與胎兒的ABO血液不吻合的話，母親體內的H antigen抗體將會快速消除胎兒的紅血球，這時候D antigen暴露於母體免疫系統的機會亦會相對減低，有機會可以避免D antigen抗體的產生。525Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhgg2kjgztR
525Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkqCWaCnuT0
525Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNBRMeWGr2E
無論如何，這些由第一胎臨盤而產生出來的D antigen抗體，將會有很大的機會影響第二胎Rh正的胎兒。525Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFRQd1fbGu6
525Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡldLRD9Cf27
不過不用害怕，現今醫療科技發達，醫生均有著各種手段檢查胎兒的狀況，亦有各種方法檢測母體及胎兒的ABO及Rh血型。525Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1xQjfWlbLz
在某幾種情況下更會為母親注入D antigen的抗體，避免母親接觸到外來的D antigen，必要時更可為在母體內的胎兒輸血，更換死去的紅血球細胞。525Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZ758P7GRre
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因Rh系統不吻合而不能作出敦倫的情況，在現今的社會上是不會發生的。525Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡcnIpSiqnFz
525Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1Ynv9w3wwE
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______________________________________525Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡy4LzN99jg7
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鈴...鈴...鈴.....525Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbwwi83DVoQ
525Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡs3FHKmNfGe
講解的時間過得特別快，說到Rh血液系統的時候下課鐘聲亦恰巧的響起。525Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzteDjU0x10
525Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxZwXVS6u32
血時迅速的收拾個人物品，啪啪聲的關上電腦，比在座的學生們更快的離開演講廳。525Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCxWhnCXpfp
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「血..血時教授...」525Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2vGjFa3t2v
那名為茱燕的女同學本意是在下課的時候找血時商量一些事情的，奈何血時的行動實在過於迅速，她完全找不到任何的機會喝停血時。525Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡyvlwFC4oAj
525Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡiLchk6zozS
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「......」525Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWn4Sn6rWI1
她打開演講廳的門口，四周張望，只見血時往著月亮咖啡店的方向奔跑起來。525Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHQCkBvRvmv
525Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡF17UTFAizo
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「你...沒吃早餐嗎?」525Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡynxBr5nngg
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