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號稱遠東最強戰艦嘅定遠號同鎮遠號52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ84Y177hMdz
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純粹係國策使然啫
定遠號同鎮遠號喺德國港口付運時情況
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殖民主義又從何談起呢?
以一個明瞭發展強大海軍弊端嘅歷史偉人52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFmXnnBVn8X
嚟命名一艘帝國最強大嘅戰艦52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgffqTWMqIv
總係有種開緊歷史玩笑嘅味道⋯⋯
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各國包括德國嘅民間都充斥住對探險嘅熱情52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡShK4dqgP5N
形形色色嘅企業同地理學會都紛紛組團52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡK0KznJQzr5
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同埋某個博晒老命搵殖民地嘅豆腐膶低地國52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEHYAVNtKDU
因為有國家機器加持52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡiQcgIXiP2z
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喺1868年俾斯麥寫畀佢老友戰爭部長羅恩伯爵嘅信中52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBARtZiDB35
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到最後返到德國都會畀俾斯麥拒之門外白忙一場52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXrBWnW5swT
攞唔到國家資助自然就發展唔到啦52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡyv66KshVPW
不過情況好快就會有改變⋯⋯
1878年柏林會議後52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQtOaF8lwEk
巴爾幹局勢暫時穩定落嚟52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡecMJzRFw0b
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為嗰個時代嘅歐洲確立咗一個和平嘅基礎52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUsAcpimDOU
至少係表面上啦52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgEqeStet1b
俾斯麥終於保得住德國個後欄52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡU3E3T2qXki
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同巴爾幹動輒牽扯上幾百年嘅國仇家恨唔同52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfYAqmPpibo
呢啲殖民地爭議52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKhgZeVrfMN
本質上純粹係基於經濟利益嘅啫52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCe1S3PebY6
德國要參與其中52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQ03EThnSIt
從而繼續喺外交上孤立法國同分散佢對歐陸嘅注意力嘅話52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6keXlqZnD5
就唔可以好似今次咁只係做個Honest Broker就夠52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxzJJKxpNaR
佢一定要有啲籌碼喺手52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPM08kckNx6
先可以埋枱玩52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmwwk6TeWjf
咁代表俾斯麥要做樣佢唔係好想做嘅嘢──海外擴張52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFVjejuYPQl
喺1880年尾開始52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNUr9q0ruwu
之前食飽閉門羹嘅企業同機構52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3kJYnsQG2O
陸續獲得俾斯麥接見52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡECgebba2Ti
並且陸續獲批殖民地嘅特許狀52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1tnIVZ0FGJ
1884年4月-德屬西南非洲（納米比亞）；7月-西非嘅多哥蘭同喀麥隆；52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2hqOJyLjO4
1885年2月-德屬東非（坦桑尼亞）；4月-肯雅52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNR3WtqPTjE
加埋幾個喺南太平洋嘅群島仔52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHEiY7az536
於是德國喺一年間52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjhRAPl0srH
就由冇到有咁建立起僅次於英法兩國、全球第三大嘅殖民帝國喇
德國喺非洲嘅殖民地
俾斯麥為日爾曼尼亞着起名為殖民主義嘅新裝
睇落好似好威威咁52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnc58z7TfMJ
不過呢啲殖民地其實都係掛個名係德國旗下嘅啫52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡx8ppgTA9oI
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呢一紙特許狀純粹係畀呢啲殖民地公司專營權52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡb5QxrP5eU2
同喺“必要”時提供軍事援助啫52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLX3qULXtZz
咩探索呀開發呀治安呀嗰啲麻煩就閣下自理喇52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFBjIYQDzgd
呢個由私人公司主導嘅殖民模式係註定失敗嘅52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5joOEysZqd
皆因冇國家機器直接統籌嘅話52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡeWT9BJUlVL
民間機構係冇可能處理到殖民地入面嘅諸多事務52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBJpa6swrOB
強如英國東印度公司呢間有國家支援嘅百年老店52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡoqVV6qkG8Q
最後都要衰喺一場全國暴動上52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡcpfRffm9uK
要政府接管執手尾
由牛油同豬油引發嘅1857年印度兵變
咁你會問明知死路一條點解俾斯麥都仲要行嘅52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBD2DsQCkAm
首先要搞清楚死嘅唔係俾斯麥唔係德國52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9XT6Byy9Hv
而係啲私人企業52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtVazduI5LA
畢竟呢啲殖民地開發不嬲都係高風險㗎啦52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡb2Srsp9R5w
佢地死冇人會覺得出奇52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡcRAxJxbYNq
更重要嘅係俾斯麥本身就唔想發得太大52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCqP7vpcf1Y
佢要嘅效果52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡU6WFMG4ln0
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等佢可以喺嚟緊英法之間嘅殖民地爭議中善價而沽52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡV0i02lJErC
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呢樣就係俾斯麥點解喺1880年代無啦啦搞殖民主義最底層嘅原因喇
好喇籌碼就喺手喇52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOYSl5aOIh1
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俾斯麥需要一個好似上次柏林會議咁嘅外交場合52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEHf5scb2kK
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咁啱法國同比利時喺剛果河流域歸屬問題上嘅爭議52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFcH7pxGf4B
有越演越烈嘅趨勢52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXbHu33aTAq
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又突然喺櫳底摷咗份鹹鹹臭臭嘅條約出嚟52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTmrxXbhPcl
話早喺15世紀已經同當地嘅剛果王國簽訂協議52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgGrWmlOx5Y
可以自由使用剛果河口南岸嘅一大片土地52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ64asFCOiiZ
（即現今安哥拉，詳情請參閱第二集）52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQRjBjRLP2G
要佢大佬英國撑佢維護當地嘅領土完整52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2GeXUdXCjF
忽然間剛果河就成為四國爭拗嘅熱點52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡflDJAk2np4
俾斯麥心諗喂掂呀屌你52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtpvVjebA6C
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各國見上次柏林會議搞得幾靚仔吓52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHF3La0v5aR
都紛紛嚮應52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2ESPZYj2Dn
最終1884年11月15號喺俾斯麥嘅官邸52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWZm1S1Vmqg
齊集除咗瑞士同啲鹹豆咁細嘅鼻屎國外全部歐洲國家52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZY3pGGRjQt
再加上美國同鄂圖曼總共14個國家同組織52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8i3YSBxgjj
（比利時係以國際剛果協會而唔係國家名義參加）52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1AJLL5a2vl
參與呢個惡名昭彰、後世駡不絕口嘅柏林剛果會議喇
其實呢個會喺外交上唔算好高級別52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPS7RJREfvz
嗰時冇飛機52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjkg1mEL1N8
要一國首腦掉低本國事務山長水遠去一個地方開個會52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8RjqA780UV
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與會嘅全部唔係外長就係首相本人52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEyf324iiGK
相反今次嚟開會嘅52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVzMhnE3eWI
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亦因為咁佢地係做唔到重大決定嘅52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYdZ71hdR4k
每當要決定某啲事務時52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡoMM8UOGmvX
啲大使都要聯絡本國外長甚至元首52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfLnAJjaY0X
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計埋聖誕同新年放咗幾日假52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKBKz7Aof3S
總共開咗104日52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFI0ZCttVYf
到第二年嘅2月26號先完結52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYEo9HdW8Mb
（對比1878年嗰次就啱啱好開咗一個月）52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ29SFuOBNjl
咁從側面反映52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3JMQUiblvZ
喺嗰時對各國嚟講52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8SJjw5YffQ
殖民地政策所佔嘅比重其實唔算好大52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡB6eNeSlVHS
不過好快就會有改變
呢個會主要解決嘅問題有：52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjnj9InWyAK
1)剛果盆地歸屬52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxN1RAtat5H
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關於第一個問題52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡICySpc4H7v
喺我對上一篇《由比利時嘅斷掌朱古力講起》都有約略講過吓52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9EjmP0GnSS
我就唔係呢度重覆喇52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡm4hcCqXfk5
簡單重溫吓52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBptMIyvjRe
當時各國已經知道52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVPQbM5dLap
利奧波德二世呢個掛住人道主義者面具嘅豺狼52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDNaqQphhQi
背後嘅陰謀㗎喇52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzOEAcN17JD
不過基於勢力平衡關係52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFx3BIly6Ei
畀中立國比利時控制中非呢一大片土地52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmuLKkssNGz
對各國都有好處52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzK4nMkWRiJ
而法國喺剛果河北岸呢一輪大動作52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjIrEziCVol
目的都只係警示利奧波德二世唔好諗住踩過界啫52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYC50viOHaX
並唔係真係想爭晒成個剛果52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjAHmkX71qz
所以與會各國一致贊成由國際剛果協會管理剛果河南岸52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡigDZlCMDZG
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就係咁52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9TGR80wTfD
剛果自由邦成為咗利奧波德二世苦心經營下嘅外交奇蹟喇
剛果自由邦北面疆界基本上就係剛果河
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自然就由英國所負責同享用啦
尼日河同佢廣闊流域內嘅盆地
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就直程令俾斯麥如虎添翼啦
喺今次個會上52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡK7ROZ4isvc
葡萄牙其實係相當進取嘅52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8CI5xJ432g
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即係所謂嘅“粉紅地圖”
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國際剛果協會已經證明咗佢對嗰度有實質控制52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHjjcs5JiCv
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大家有冇異議?
本來英國早喺2月已經同葡萄牙簽署協議52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9ZT0wzKXEp
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英國佬即刻嬲到紅都面晒52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡcZiXJB925n
事關如果畀葡萄牙建立到呢條中南非走廊嘅話52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHVi50OfTg9
佢嗰個籌備中嘅“縱斷非洲”計劃就會斷纜52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzIWXJdzyIw
呢樣嘢係絕對唔可以發生
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是為非洲版過三關52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡyB8yllqhEo
詳情請參閱我對上一篇廢文
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兩害取其輕下英國佬決定叫葡萄牙吔自己52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOoUlNqzY95
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利奧波德二世得到彌足珍貴嘅出海口52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡI7oVIaqa7w
獲得完全嘅外交勝利52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBNhnqy9nrF
而俾斯麥為英法兩國所搭建嘅呢個非洲鬥獸場亦就此完成喇
因為柏林會議嘅分割52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdeixJ1U8U5
剛果河北岸安哥拉嘅領土52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZu2b5GEOOK
自始成為一塊飛地52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLzXqfmw2An往後章節都會提及吓非洲呢啲奇奇怪怪嘅劃界
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例如德國讓出東非桑吉巴蘇丹國嘅主導權畀英國嚟換取北海一個小島啦52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZITcnnqH1l
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「我地交換到嘅呢啲山脈、湖泊同土地，實際上係連我地都唔知喺邊」52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡluddSkTjkO
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係非洲入面唔同部族喺千百年間自然演化出嚟嘅勢力範圍被重新劃分
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又點會理會同預料到呢
殖民時期前嘅部族勢力分界同現代非洲國界重叠圖
非洲喺二戰後各地武裝衝突地點示意圖
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呢啲無視當地土著勢力範圍嘅分割52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEnQSNjuFYb
就係往後非洲紛亂不堪最重要嘅起始因素喇52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHTF81Hmuw8
根據地域可以將呢啲衝突歸類為四個“重災區”52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSpRkB6WSSG
1)法國控制、穆斯林人口主導嘅北非地中海沿岸52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYcKPM0A06S
2)北緯12度以南、撒哈拉同中非雨林之間嘅草原地帶
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自古以來就係兩邊人互相廝咬嘅源頭
3)中非剛果盆地同佢東邊嘅大湖區52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRvLUihLQE2
4)礦產資源豐富、較為發達但係貧富極為懸殊嘅非洲南部52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5768qAUGnK
基本上各自都有自身獨特嘅原因搞到今時今日咁嘅田地52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2Ysxcl0jos
呢啲會喺嚟緊嘅章節慢慢去講52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUPtvQWqL6t
不過我會講講佢地共同擁有嘅“歷史機遇”先52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLW4OhLixS9
下一集《盛宴之後》再同大家吹過
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識睇嘅就梗係睇埋個尾啦52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRzR55sOMr8
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的確為各殖民宗主國提供咗一個文明解決潛在爭議嘅框架52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVClt450n4k
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一步步拆解分岐52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3qskU8wTtz
最終搵到個大家都可以接受嘅方案52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡiMRyOKkEBP
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可以話係有今生冇來世
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1890年3月22號52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjrogaRNS6q
威廉二世以俾斯麥推行嘅反社會主義者法案過於激進為由52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡsIvBtfnMsP
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威廉仔亦都開始周圍點火表演跳火圈喇
領航員落船
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最終走向大戰⋯⋯52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhb4MiIKb3y
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最佳答案有時真係未必有最好結果㗎52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLH253iuZUi
如果1878年柏林會議時俾斯麥狠下決心撐俄國52Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTCq21JRd12
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