
好喇而家就講埋俾斯麥點解要開切餅大會51Please respect copyright.PENANA1oSWbMQ0Xg
正如上面所講51Please respect copyright.PENANASiuCVAJgLs
德國統一初期佢對海外擴張都係相當抗拒51Please respect copyright.PENANAHVBhiGBDSw
原因之一係繼承自普魯士嘅帝國海軍51Please respect copyright.PENANAfHb7BDDzSn
規模實在太細51Please respect copyright.PENANAfVtCdeRwp1
根本支撐唔到龐大嘅殖民地發展51Please respect copyright.PENANAkgLA6Dx1PU
就咁其實德國唔係冇能力發展遠洋艦隊51Please respect copyright.PENANAOSwNU5dlp7
相反德國船廠嘅技術喺當時係首屈一指51Please respect copyright.PENANAYNOP4l6k7g
號稱遠東最強戰艦嘅定遠號同鎮遠號51Please respect copyright.PENANAr0xRvS5BzI
就係由普魯士嘅船廠製造㗎喇51Please respect copyright.PENANAnA0ZcyR9rL
個海軍咁鵪鶉嘅原因51Please respect copyright.PENANAozgBJHScS2
純粹係國策使然啫
定遠號同鎮遠號喺德國港口付運時情況
俾斯麥刻意壓抑海軍發展51Please respect copyright.PENANAdSKjInxean
原因係避免同其他列強直接競爭51Please respect copyright.PENANAvTNoJ2PNUo
例如喺1867年尾51Please respect copyright.PENANADU4og6dtPm
北德意志邦聯海軍司令繞過俾斯麥51Please respect copyright.PENANA1NHFSAQB6z
直接同中美洲哥斯達黎加協議設立軍港51Please respect copyright.PENANAKuo6UfLiAx
當俾斯麥知道時即時叫停51Please respect copyright.PENANAPuOAtu9Nl2
原因就係因為佢驚得罪美國51Please respect copyright.PENANAX5dez5bIoZ
(門羅主義下嘅美國對歐洲國家介入美洲事務相當反感)51Please respect copyright.PENANAkl1cDyFWY3
對一個距離咁遠嘅強國都咁忌憚51Please respect copyright.PENANAgp7OXZAFJs
何況英國、法國呢啲傳統海軍強國51Please respect copyright.PENANA8Wip160wXI
以德國個地理位置51Please respect copyright.PENANAvpEyFedikQ
發展遠洋艦隊51Please respect copyright.PENANAvZrEACJLo3
根本係浪費寶貴嘅國家資源51Please respect copyright.PENANAvc3mZDimpW
冇強大嘅海軍51Please respect copyright.PENANAoUwkWX4Jed
殖民主義又從何談起呢?
以一個明瞭發展強大海軍弊端嘅歷史偉人51Please respect copyright.PENANAmzQbcldvni
嚟命名一艘帝國最強大嘅戰艦51Please respect copyright.PENANA2qRaySBtCx
總係有種開緊歷史玩笑嘅味道⋯⋯
不過官方嘅立場並唔影響民間對海外擴張嘅嚮往51Please respect copyright.PENANAC53UpwDX3R
喺1860年代中期開始51Please respect copyright.PENANArQjxRHRBNF
尤其係探索剛果盆地成功後51Please respect copyright.PENANA7dt9xm9uJO
各國包括德國嘅民間都充斥住對探險嘅熱情51Please respect copyright.PENANAZwvyFgxdhu
形形色色嘅企業同地理學會都紛紛組團51Please respect copyright.PENANAFZUNBrfNoq
諗住入去分一杯羹51Please respect copyright.PENANAZ5QskdrrB0
傳統殖民強國好似英法兩國51Please respect copyright.PENANAysOcUj7jFZ
同埋某個博晒老命搵殖民地嘅豆腐膶低地國51Please respect copyright.PENANA1h42oJsrme
因為有國家機器加持51Please respect copyright.PENANAxNx8w7pOT1
啲探險隊當然就如魚得水啦51Please respect copyright.PENANAdmstF9OUDv
但係德國嗰啲就陰公喇51Please respect copyright.PENANAZFp7P0lptN
喺1868年俾斯麥寫畀佢老友戰爭部長羅恩伯爵嘅信中51Please respect copyright.PENANATFZA6fXBSN
佢表明唔會用納稅人嘅錢支持呢啲同國策相違背嘅私人企業活動51Please respect copyright.PENANAniiysaoVfB
就係咁啲企業就算探到險簽到合作協議都好51Please respect copyright.PENANAGrzFFDFEXF
到最後返到德國都會畀俾斯麥拒之門外白忙一場51Please respect copyright.PENANANwuEVP3zmN
攞唔到國家資助自然就發展唔到啦51Please respect copyright.PENANA1qqfmIAgHf
不過情況好快就會有改變⋯⋯
1878年柏林會議後51Please respect copyright.PENANA4d3AIpQhk0
巴爾幹局勢暫時穩定落嚟51Please respect copyright.PENANAlT3AbgjWr3
而德奧意三國同盟51Please respect copyright.PENANAsz6CUky6dE
以及三帝同盟續期51Please respect copyright.PENANAuVNwJqRIqi
為嗰個時代嘅歐洲確立咗一個和平嘅基礎51Please respect copyright.PENANAhnQshPbT0u
至少係表面上啦51Please respect copyright.PENANAyhJ3TP8YCS
俾斯麥終於保得住德國個後欄51Please respect copyright.PENANAObXC18fqIZ
可以專心應付嚟自法國嘅敵意喇51Please respect copyright.PENANACFRQNvnjOt
另一方面51Please respect copyright.PENANAY8w9G13L7i
英法喺會上嘅枱底交易51Please respect copyright.PENANA5gQzux5CFu
似乎都預視咗嚟緊嘅外交角力焦點51Please respect copyright.PENANAFtVlhxxwS2
將會由歐陸轉移到各殖民地事務上51Please respect copyright.PENANAaCf586YNRE
同巴爾幹動輒牽扯上幾百年嘅國仇家恨唔同51Please respect copyright.PENANACW8xTdJG8y
呢啲殖民地爭議51Please respect copyright.PENANAqX7bk4hILK
本質上純粹係基於經濟利益嘅啫51Please respect copyright.PENANAIRdXlphmIN
德國要參與其中51Please respect copyright.PENANAZ5kbcKgL4s
從而繼續喺外交上孤立法國同分散佢對歐陸嘅注意力嘅話51Please respect copyright.PENANAMdplArGAcF
就唔可以好似今次咁只係做個Honest Broker就夠51Please respect copyright.PENANANLQbDKyFP9
佢一定要有啲籌碼喺手51Please respect copyright.PENANAw1S8ZCpmjv
先可以埋枱玩51Please respect copyright.PENANAMR5rVKhsLH
咁代表俾斯麥要做樣佢唔係好想做嘅嘢──海外擴張51Please respect copyright.PENANAh6YxdzQvLO
喺1880年尾開始51Please respect copyright.PENANAamfhEssmPV
之前食飽閉門羹嘅企業同機構51Please respect copyright.PENANA66CogzsgXl
陸續獲得俾斯麥接見51Please respect copyright.PENANA5tYww6z1Lz
並且陸續獲批殖民地嘅特許狀51Please respect copyright.PENANA99pyU9sAfN
1884年4月-德屬西南非洲(納米比亞);7月-西非嘅多哥蘭同喀麥隆;51Please respect copyright.PENANAsnPvNf1FR7
1885年2月-德屬東非(坦桑尼亞);4月-肯雅51Please respect copyright.PENANADZMivarVaw
加埋幾個喺南太平洋嘅群島仔51Please respect copyright.PENANAwExOrWZk1N
於是德國喺一年間51Please respect copyright.PENANA3kaSu0jaWo
就由冇到有咁建立起僅次於英法兩國、全球第三大嘅殖民帝國喇
德國喺非洲嘅殖民地
俾斯麥為日爾曼尼亞着起名為殖民主義嘅新裝
睇落好似好威威咁51Please respect copyright.PENANAK3xbOl4HWo
不過呢啲殖民地其實都係掛個名係德國旗下嘅啫51Please respect copyright.PENANATKBuGBx8LL
因為俾斯麥根本唔想使太多錢喺呢度51Please respect copyright.PENANAAAGOjM0KDM
呢一紙特許狀純粹係畀呢啲殖民地公司專營權51Please respect copyright.PENANAXwfP7nacN4
同喺“必要”時提供軍事援助啫51Please respect copyright.PENANAjG1nnX5AI1
咩探索呀開發呀治安呀嗰啲麻煩就閣下自理喇51Please respect copyright.PENANAOexKN4T4Gl
呢個由私人公司主導嘅殖民模式係註定失敗嘅51Please respect copyright.PENANAUgM5uD7oQq
皆因冇國家機器直接統籌嘅話51Please respect copyright.PENANAjnupBPeOUw
民間機構係冇可能處理到殖民地入面嘅諸多事務51Please respect copyright.PENANA3oO6nFe4Ta
強如英國東印度公司呢間有國家支援嘅百年老店51Please respect copyright.PENANAV8XFQiuv0y
最後都要衰喺一場全國暴動上51Please respect copyright.PENANAwuMKVaLgEs
要政府接管執手尾
由牛油同豬油引發嘅1857年印度兵變
咁你會問明知死路一條點解俾斯麥都仲要行嘅51Please respect copyright.PENANA4MZWUMYEtp
首先要搞清楚死嘅唔係俾斯麥唔係德國51Please respect copyright.PENANAtJeBzjA6Zu
而係啲私人企業51Please respect copyright.PENANAnq2ZbMKlGU
畢竟呢啲殖民地開發不嬲都係高風險㗎啦51Please respect copyright.PENANAWkXyUhLYzF
佢地死冇人會覺得出奇51Please respect copyright.PENANAcKiFiR5dsr
更重要嘅係俾斯麥本身就唔想發得太大51Please respect copyright.PENANAKuDWmxXtTa
佢要嘅效果51Please respect copyright.PENANAIZL3Ektvec
就係用最低成本51Please respect copyright.PENANAtjXpvURFjp
令德國喺短時間內51Please respect copyright.PENANAPXjZI8KTCS
獲取足夠多嘅殖民地51Please respect copyright.PENANA1NjNmp2eOy
等佢可以喺嚟緊英法之間嘅殖民地爭議中善價而沽51Please respect copyright.PENANAqMQVDrdE6p
德國作為老三要做嘅51Please respect copyright.PENANALwgqlTfE74
就係平衡阿大同老二嘅勢力51Please respect copyright.PENANAojpMUczIrp
等佢地喺下面慢慢耗51Please respect copyright.PENANAUxheFPvXAG
自己喺歐陸先會安穩51Please respect copyright.PENANASbqxQXYRrH
呢樣就係俾斯麥點解喺1880年代無啦啦搞殖民主義最底層嘅原因喇
好喇籌碼就喺手喇51Please respect copyright.PENANA9o2snq0IAw
而家就爭咁張賭枱51Please respect copyright.PENANAXIysqA3ybq
俾斯麥需要一個好似上次柏林會議咁嘅外交場合51Please respect copyright.PENANAZJ1Pex3vyL
等佢可以遊走於英法嘅殖民地鬥爭之中51Please respect copyright.PENANAaRmRhO5Bcc
咁啱法國同比利時喺剛果河流域歸屬問題上嘅爭議51Please respect copyright.PENANA1A3S3D4tQP
有越演越烈嘅趨勢51Please respect copyright.PENANAaAojlR9DOa
而本來已經衰落到冇人理嘅葡萄牙51Please respect copyright.PENANAskIqSltdUZ
又突然喺櫳底摷咗份鹹鹹臭臭嘅條約出嚟51Please respect copyright.PENANAmK3hg4Z8cn
話早喺15世紀已經同當地嘅剛果王國簽訂協議51Please respect copyright.PENANAGNKkxhbSjj
可以自由使用剛果河口南岸嘅一大片土地51Please respect copyright.PENANACLqvhYg3GX
(即現今安哥拉,詳情請參閱第二集)51Please respect copyright.PENANAUxvdvDoq1V
要佢大佬英國撑佢維護當地嘅領土完整51Please respect copyright.PENANAuoR8ylD4Wf
忽然間剛果河就成為四國爭拗嘅熱點51Please respect copyright.PENANAua4bIP4lIv
俾斯麥心諗喂掂呀屌你51Please respect copyright.PENANAaL4Iyw67mh
於是建議大家過嚟柏林開個會斟斟51Please respect copyright.PENANAzNPD6zTHgu
各國見上次柏林會議搞得幾靚仔吓51Please respect copyright.PENANAOo0XNsWbW8
都紛紛嚮應51Please respect copyright.PENANAqD9j7EMKE1
最終1884年11月15號喺俾斯麥嘅官邸51Please respect copyright.PENANAfis5iqQD1n
齊集除咗瑞士同啲鹹豆咁細嘅鼻屎國外全部歐洲國家51Please respect copyright.PENANAbFJkeo8n2d
再加上美國同鄂圖曼總共14個國家同組織51Please respect copyright.PENANAy8cL6B1rbG
(比利時係以國際剛果協會而唔係國家名義參加)51Please respect copyright.PENANAJ1t0WvreAW
參與呢個惡名昭彰、後世駡不絕口嘅柏林剛果會議喇
其實呢個會喺外交上唔算好高級別51Please respect copyright.PENANAAgCFIj1fFY
嗰時冇飛機51Please respect copyright.PENANASVSaeYo5bR
要一國首腦掉低本國事務山長水遠去一個地方開個會51Please respect copyright.PENANAZBdofw2sqw
必定係關乎到國運嘅大事51Please respect copyright.PENANA07Kek4iw3J
好似上次柏林會議51Please respect copyright.PENANAluzh2p6VX0
與會嘅全部唔係外長就係首相本人51Please respect copyright.PENANAxJJpJjGacT
相反今次嚟開會嘅51Please respect copyright.PENANAYvhK5foIMa
都係各國駐柏林大使51Please respect copyright.PENANA6rRbocfBAR
亦因為咁佢地係做唔到重大決定嘅51Please respect copyright.PENANA44M0jPOy4Z
每當要決定某啲事務時51Please respect copyright.PENANA6g6XvYO23O
啲大使都要聯絡本國外長甚至元首51Please respect copyright.PENANACiajdk4W4T
所以個會都拖到幾長吓51Please respect copyright.PENANAox4nblZXh5
計埋聖誕同新年放咗幾日假51Please respect copyright.PENANASeRIb4MTaH
總共開咗104日51Please respect copyright.PENANA3Ihp6si2RF
到第二年嘅2月26號先完結51Please respect copyright.PENANALWvBxqPxRv
(對比1878年嗰次就啱啱好開咗一個月)51Please respect copyright.PENANA4dh3lWqcaG
咁從側面反映51Please respect copyright.PENANAqwaNx46Q6T
喺嗰時對各國嚟講51Please respect copyright.PENANAT49oELddHW
殖民地政策所佔嘅比重其實唔算好大51Please respect copyright.PENANAQumWHeFJxG
不過好快就會有改變
呢個會主要解決嘅問題有:51Please respect copyright.PENANA6FoOXpPmIK
1)剛果盆地歸屬51Please respect copyright.PENANAtrruMRjP8t
2)兩大水系(尼日河同剛果河)航權51Please respect copyright.PENANAccQkZBCb3s
3)何謂“有效佔據”51Please respect copyright.PENANA1BNfuB9ViW
關於第一個問題51Please respect copyright.PENANA86P7r0wegH
喺我對上一篇《由比利時嘅斷掌朱古力講起》都有約略講過吓51Please respect copyright.PENANAY7iDaOuxO3
我就唔係呢度重覆喇51Please respect copyright.PENANAWPaKgzqh6t
簡單重溫吓51Please respect copyright.PENANAAiGCuRCW96
當時各國已經知道51Please respect copyright.PENANACQVyJVjQkz
利奧波德二世呢個掛住人道主義者面具嘅豺狼51Please respect copyright.PENANAIGxtsZDugj
背後嘅陰謀㗎喇51Please respect copyright.PENANAe5RpAQ0EEz
不過基於勢力平衡關係51Please respect copyright.PENANA61BJd9XYG1
畀中立國比利時控制中非呢一大片土地51Please respect copyright.PENANAUemsSRrkNr
對各國都有好處51Please respect copyright.PENANAbtckYNWmOr
而法國喺剛果河北岸呢一輪大動作51Please respect copyright.PENANA36Y7qgHqYc
目的都只係警示利奧波德二世唔好諗住踩過界啫51Please respect copyright.PENANAbm0HbIEdDw
並唔係真係想爭晒成個剛果51Please respect copyright.PENANAogwzKkfZro
所以與會各國一致贊成由國際剛果協會管理剛果河南岸51Please respect copyright.PENANAG9JftbqQ7d
而北岸就歸法國所有51Please respect copyright.PENANAH2naAh0KoB
就係咁51Please respect copyright.PENANAThdYhwxnnd
剛果自由邦成為咗利奧波德二世苦心經營下嘅外交奇蹟喇
剛果自由邦北面疆界基本上就係剛果河
OK搞掂一樣會議繼續⋯⋯51Please respect copyright.PENANAadexkaXDLN
…咪住主席有樣嘢要搞清楚先51Please respect copyright.PENANANjpWsldvJK
剛果盆地歸國際剛果協會我冇異議51Please respect copyright.PENANAZxAFBKUGnY
不過剛果河口個主權就唔同咁講喇51Please respect copyright.PENANAiCw9BPXkyt
嗱呢份係我國喺1491年同剛果國王約翰一世所簽訂嘅合作協議51Please respect copyright.PENANAe67Kb9jvpD
訂明我國可以自由使用整個剛果河口⋯⋯51Please respect copyright.PENANALoCSRv6c7I
等等葡萄牙代表你收番張梅菜坐番低先51Please respect copyright.PENANAurY9HN3P6M
唔使咁心急住51Please respect copyright.PENANA69QMeRrf5x
你呢個提案將會同你另一個提案一併處理㗎喇51Please respect copyright.PENANAO77CcIY9ph
咳唔⋯⋯咁會議就進入第二個議題51Please respect copyright.PENANAmoU1IQixrG
撒哈拉以南兩大河流──西非嘅尼日河同中非嘅剛果河51Please respect copyright.PENANAkfMrTw0xHE
一直都係通往非洲內陸最重要嘅航道51Please respect copyright.PENANA7VA7ChE6i0
關於呢兩大水系嘅通航問題51Please respect copyright.PENANAlJffadXc2N
其實就相對簡單51Please respect copyright.PENANAZWLZPfqb3u
因為成個會打正旗號係用自由貿易開化啲黑鬼達至遏止奴隸貿易51Please respect copyright.PENANAp9X2sOZxVv
所以航行自由係必須嘅51Please respect copyright.PENANACgPlatGf7s
尼日河口位於英國佔據嘅尼日三角洲保護地51Please respect copyright.PENANAfo4LIUGhjg
理所當然進入尼日河所需嘅物流保安等等嘅需求同收益51Please respect copyright.PENANAAiDPV8H5rc
自然就由英國所負責同享用啦
尼日河同佢廣闊流域內嘅盆地
至於剛果河呢⋯⋯51Please respect copyright.PENANAcOY3OmBgbn
得得得你坐番低先51Please respect copyright.PENANATHBldjjeh5
而家就處理今個會第三個要解決嘅問題──何謂有效佔據51Please respect copyright.PENANA5h7o08U08W
順便講埋葡萄牙嘅議題51Please respect copyright.PENANA4dNNRZ8l28
本來列強殖民非洲個玩法51Please respect copyright.PENANA8or3HsKXwY
一路都係佔據非洲沿岸各個河口海灣後51Please respect copyright.PENANAQK7fHVs36r
再同當地土著簽吓合作協議、起吓貿易站仔51Please respect copyright.PENANAoHFxF82NsH
嗰度就歸佢51Please respect copyright.PENANADggFZXvJ7C
不過畀啲先入局嘅咁樣咁低成本霸晒啲地51Please respect copyright.PENANA3C6KhIQ3Ge
對後來者其實相當唔公平51Please respect copyright.PENANA2OBKJdKTLt
俾斯麥建議殖民者需要同當地部落簽署協議之餘51Please respect copyright.PENANAWE4ou98SlD
並顯示對當地有實質控制51Please respect copyright.PENANAD1WmYBhdiT
好似有發展基建或者駐紮軍隊維持治安等等51Please respect copyright.PENANApzhty1nKFF
嗰度先算係佢轄下嘅保護國51Please respect copyright.PENANAF8H4OgMs2g
咁樣嘅話英法兩國嘅殖民地開支必定會大增51Please respect copyright.PENANA4HdwpFCUCV
正常嚟講佢地係會反對嘅51Please respect copyright.PENANA2HNmCXEVY9
不過俾斯麥之所以要全歐洲甚至連殖民地都冇嘅國家都叫埋嚟開會51Please respect copyright.PENANApVrhrio1Ew
目的就係要用呢堆小國嚟牽制英法呢兩個老牌殖民大國51Please respect copyright.PENANAJAWbcNtdcE
而英國個豬隊友葡萄牙嘅立場51Please respect copyright.PENANAL0CGa8N4Wu
就直程令俾斯麥如虎添翼啦
喺今次個會上51Please respect copyright.PENANAOkbJNjnehu
葡萄牙其實係相當進取嘅51Please respect copyright.PENANAB5Tam3EUW4
除咗說服英國支持佢爭剛果河口外51Please respect copyright.PENANAHNLmXsrVh3
仲喺會議上提出以先發現原則劃地51Please respect copyright.PENANA1IJgP19OhK
並提議將東非莫桑比克同西非安哥拉之間一大片土地51Please respect copyright.PENANAQh1lBnR9mr
都劃晒畀佢51Please respect copyright.PENANAP3VbRKfCqS
形成貫穿非洲中南部嘅走廊51Please respect copyright.PENANApSgTxp8Awt
即係所謂嘅“粉紅地圖”
…嗱阿葡萄牙代表51Please respect copyright.PENANApctF6fyTMA
而家個遊戲玩法同你地個腦停留嗰個年代唔同晒㗎喇51Please respect copyright.PENANABklfOXHuII
照你個講法如果邊個發現先就歸邊個嘅話51Please respect copyright.PENANAWuzqamWYym
咁成個非洲都係你㗎啦51Please respect copyright.PENANATsnvqxYzaB
大家可以收工返歸啦嘛係咪?51Please respect copyright.PENANAnaD78GDzFx
唔係㗎嘛51Please respect copyright.PENANAXxlriwubK8
而家個原則就係邊個證明到對一笪地方有實質控制51Please respect copyright.PENANATOQCfYv3qD
邊個先有資格去佔據嗰度51Please respect copyright.PENANAbMI4J0Dflc
以剛果河口為例51Please respect copyright.PENANAfIDJQjP5Ne
國際剛果協會已經證明咗佢對嗰度有實質控制51Please respect copyright.PENANAjDBQ81fkzB
而你就只係得份連簽署國都滅亡咗嘅歷史文件51Please respect copyright.PENANAmyjqFTxD1l
咁樣我地好難做㗎喎51Please respect copyright.PENANAKjEKosS310
我建議剛果河口北岸歸國際剛果協會51Please respect copyright.PENANAQ7ILvt2brL
南岸就歸葡屬安哥拉51Please respect copyright.PENANAlOxRULDNJH
大家有冇異議?本來英國早喺2月已經同葡萄牙簽署協議51Please respect copyright.PENANAl0KyjTGg6e
支持佢爭取剛果河口51Please respect copyright.PENANAgFRL7hEpCZ
不過當呢份“粉紅地圖”一擺上枱面51Please respect copyright.PENANAaIAQVCBDIB
英國佬即刻嬲到紅都面晒51Please respect copyright.PENANAqV2S7pqFiJ
事關如果畀葡萄牙建立到呢條中南非走廊嘅話51Please respect copyright.PENANAMcjQ2tqXHj
佢嗰個籌備中嘅“縱斷非洲”計劃就會斷纜51Please respect copyright.PENANA8WP5Cqpoly
呢樣嘢係絕對唔可以發生
英國嘅“縱斷非洲”同法國嘅“橫斷非洲”51Please respect copyright.PENANA8beSxzyC0k
是為非洲版過三關51Please respect copyright.PENANArgHToRkku4
詳情請參閱我對上一篇廢文
英國即時陷於兩難51Please respect copyright.PENANACsEwakIQy5
如果支持葡萄牙個先發現原則攞剛果河口嘅話51Please respect copyright.PENANAE7sfBwwVAJ
佢就要同時承認“粉紅地圖”51Please respect copyright.PENANANRmIHswnkt
如果要保住佢盤過三關嘅話51Please respect copyright.PENANA7KaqiuToOt
佢就要接受俾斯麥嘅詭計兼背棄盟友51Please respect copyright.PENANAkhSGUyqPwZ
兩害取其輕下英國佬決定叫葡萄牙吔自己51Please respect copyright.PENANAHj2ko0dMzk
轉向支持國際剛果協會51Please respect copyright.PENANAtdPgUrTQ5u
利奧波德二世得到彌足珍貴嘅出海口51Please respect copyright.PENANAFBnQ4C2t2k
獲得完全嘅外交勝利51Please respect copyright.PENANASNAYRty4ez
而俾斯麥為英法兩國所搭建嘅呢個非洲鬥獸場亦就此完成喇
因為柏林會議嘅分割51Please respect copyright.PENANAGcceUTD5fh
剛果河北岸安哥拉嘅領土51Please respect copyright.PENANABlLq0NxhSp
自始成為一塊飛地51Please respect copyright.PENANAm7T0X1wJBU往後章節都會提及吓非洲呢啲奇奇怪怪嘅劃界
跟住落嚟嘅會議就係與會各國之間嘅雙邊或者三邊談判51Please respect copyright.PENANA7qtogf3rS6
基本上都係喺非洲有殖民地嗰啲國家就領土劃分上互相博弈51Please respect copyright.PENANAEq98rPTaoW
例如德國讓出東非桑吉巴蘇丹國嘅主導權畀英國嚟換取北海一個小島啦51Please respect copyright.PENANAyhuZwVQaRu
或者法國同意意大利佔領利比亞同非洲之角嘅厄立特里亞51Please respect copyright.PENANApzEPzkCdWZ
以尋求意大利承認法國喺突尼西亞嘅主權啦51Please respect copyright.PENANAUYDNTDNx8V
又或者英國用北尼日利亞同法國交換紐芬蘭嘅捕魚權等等51Please respect copyright.PENANAD0WjT4IjjG
可能各位小朋友都對呢堆遙遠嘅名字感到陌生51Please respect copyright.PENANAaXWikZ6mdM
冇錯51Please respect copyright.PENANAas3Sshrpl7
唔只你地51Please respect copyright.PENANA7bChaoq95F
連當時啲遠在歐洲嘅王公貴冑都唔知嗰度有啲乜51Please respect copyright.PENANAVTv7uKK92r
正如時任英國首相嘅梳士巴利爵士所言51Please respect copyright.PENANABcyJ3lSnWT
「我地交換到嘅呢啲山脈、湖泊同土地,實際上係連我地都唔知喺邊」51Please respect copyright.PENANAcjd5ZXPMB1
事實上整個非洲就畀列強當成無主之地51Please respect copyright.PENANAngqJfNG693
直尺一度、大筆一揮就被肆意分割51Please respect copyright.PENANAu4uBR3B8sF
分割出嚟嘅“籌碼”就被用作交換各色各樣同非洲相關或者唔相關嘅利益51Please respect copyright.PENANAaxV6rvY4yl
至於啲世居喺呢片「未知國度」嘅黑鬼51Please respect copyright.PENANAXCSPsv4ngM
佢地嘅利益理所當然就唔會被考慮啦51Please respect copyright.PENANAtGJLIfJoZS
伴隨住呢啲分割嘅51Please respect copyright.PENANAqJh4IXQDmN
係非洲入面唔同部族喺千百年間自然演化出嚟嘅勢力範圍被重新劃分
呢啲歐洲人強加於非洲嘅疆界51Please respect copyright.PENANAk5ABOvcLbE
往往會將敵對嘅部族劃埋一齊51Please respect copyright.PENANAQ83nAIYKnB
又或者將同一個部族分開喺唔同嘅國家51Please respect copyright.PENANA5bcUzdEKjE
咁好自然敵對嘅勢力會互相鬥爭51Please respect copyright.PENANA7crIZo4VXh
相同嘅部族又會試圖合併51Please respect copyright.PENANASNZb2eNXM2
非洲人嘅命運巨輪自始悄然起動51Please respect copyright.PENANAB7kDkv1Shh
整個非洲將會成為一部特大號嘅絞肉機51Please respect copyright.PENANAzkfXpYFAUe
不過呢啲咁遙遠又咁長遠嘅事51Please respect copyright.PENANADR7FrmsB3V
對當時身處歐洲廟堂嘅諸公嚟講51Please respect copyright.PENANApovVhq8tu0
又點會理會同預料到呢
殖民時期前嘅部族勢力分界同現代非洲國界重叠圖
非洲喺二戰後各地武裝衝突地點示意圖
對比呢兩幅圖就可以睇到51Please respect copyright.PENANA3nJQen1axZ
呢啲無視當地土著勢力範圍嘅分割51Please respect copyright.PENANA7JJldhRONz
就係往後非洲紛亂不堪最重要嘅起始因素喇51Please respect copyright.PENANAOmqOJmNeRi
根據地域可以將呢啲衝突歸類為四個“重災區”51Please respect copyright.PENANAFklpwsCf4W
1)法國控制、穆斯林人口主導嘅北非地中海沿岸51Please respect copyright.PENANAEYAXZpddCW
2)北緯12度以南、撒哈拉同中非雨林之間嘅草原地帶
阿拉伯人稱之為“薩赫勒”51Please respect copyright.PENANAS7zLKjHssK
意思係“撒哈拉之海以南”51Please respect copyright.PENANABH3HhBrgtw
視乎旱澇情況呢度既係北面穆斯林嘅放牧場又係南面土著王國嘅耕地51Please respect copyright.PENANAzvBwMN6JD4
自古以來就係兩邊人互相廝咬嘅源頭
3)中非剛果盆地同佢東邊嘅大湖區51Please respect copyright.PENANAcWDviWoR0Z
4)礦產資源豐富、較為發達但係貧富極為懸殊嘅非洲南部51Please respect copyright.PENANAJrj72Oatjb
基本上各自都有自身獨特嘅原因搞到今時今日咁嘅田地51Please respect copyright.PENANAeblxt70DIT
呢啲會喺嚟緊嘅章節慢慢去講51Please respect copyright.PENANADP46TD8g1H
不過我會講講佢地共同擁有嘅“歷史機遇”先51Please respect copyright.PENANASaR3ZutT4h
下一集《盛宴之後》再同大家吹過
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
識睇嘅就梗係睇埋個尾啦51Please respect copyright.PENANASGGUaeb5DP
話說柏林會議雖然為後世所唾罵51Please respect copyright.PENANA1YV0nOg93H
不過喺嗰時51Please respect copyright.PENANAuUZlSNhkOd
的確為各殖民宗主國提供咗一個文明解決潛在爭議嘅框架51Please respect copyright.PENANAmsafNzV23k
俾斯麥憑藉佢靈活嘅外交手腕51Please respect copyright.PENANA69fDHcy3bY
喺各國錯綜複雜嘅利益關係網中51Please respect copyright.PENANATpASYWxpDB
一步步拆解分岐51Please respect copyright.PENANA86Zn327a6p
最終搵到個大家都可以接受嘅方案51Please respect copyright.PENANAZgeaWBzI4r
唔使動輒就要打要殺51Please respect copyright.PENANAYy2OQcHwFD
目的都係為德國提供一個穩定嘅歐陸51Please respect copyright.PENANACbv1Oo3Wtt
以發展佢嘅經濟51Please respect copyright.PENANAMYJhGUAS2s
德意志帝國有幸有呢位無雙國士51Please respect copyright.PENANArrTU3UJL4x
可以話係有今生冇來世
之但係帝國呢種國體51Please respect copyright.PENANA0VusZpVwdU
就註定有明君先可以有賢臣嘅51Please respect copyright.PENANAC41afWKvOI
呢台由俾斯麥一人擔綱嘅獨腳戲51Please respect copyright.PENANAmF3hCZEshl
終究有落幕嘅一日51Please respect copyright.PENANAFFpxdmyQw7
當嗰位自信滿滿又衝動成性嘅少主登基時51Please respect copyright.PENANA4D7EkbYL8S
俾斯麥嗰套遊走於各方矛盾嘅平衡51Please respect copyright.PENANAHxJfcsdZmU
就唔係好啱佢胃口喇51Please respect copyright.PENANA44GEaQYRVJ
佢覺得戰戰兢兢咁踩鋼線實在太慢太悶51Please respect copyright.PENANAPo7izsXjMM
不如痛痛快快咁玩跳火圈啦51Please respect copyright.PENANANWIBNR0ytG
1890年3月22號51Please respect copyright.PENANAQHe5uNF8pt
威廉二世以俾斯麥推行嘅反社會主義者法案過於激進為由51Please respect copyright.PENANA62u5B1DeoB
迫令佢辭職51Please respect copyright.PENANAKHKGhEkrWh
自此呢位德意志帝國嘅舵手就黯然落台51Please respect copyright.PENANA1AxftAP5iG
威廉仔亦都開始周圍點火表演跳火圈喇
領航員落船
日耳曼尼亞同俾斯麥睇住兒皇帝玩火自焚
“俾斯麥體系”隨之而瓦解51Please respect copyright.PENANAeMWOAQdVGn
對列強嚟講51Please respect copyright.PENANAUvJ1eoRQ5U
德國再唔係穩定歐陸勢力嘅伙伴51Please respect copyright.PENANAphzuBS5za5
而係反覆無常嘅計時炸彈51Please respect copyright.PENANA7q4qBs9xQ6
漸漸合作變成對立、猜忌加劇矛盾51Please respect copyright.PENANAJPSaJlgnI2
最終走向大戰⋯⋯51Please respect copyright.PENANAOwt0Muvfbh
有時不禁會諗51Please respect copyright.PENANAzcUSW3qaVj
最佳答案有時真係未必有最好結果㗎51Please respect copyright.PENANAiPlhwgZdwG
如果1878年柏林會議時俾斯麥狠下決心撐俄國51Please respect copyright.PENANAKfw8OGdUru
令世界大戰由威廉一世-俾斯麥-老毛奇呢個鐵三角應對51Please respect copyright.PENANASRbweV1IrA
歷史會唔會改寫呢?51Please respect copyright.PENANAIkNQwKD3I1
德意志帝國同沙俄會唔會繼續存在?51Please respect copyright.PENANAFrY1s1Z86a共慘黨又會唔會被掃進棺材呢?51Please respect copyright.PENANANgewUNF2qe
而嗰喺個平行宇宙嘅我51Please respect copyright.PENANAmK0ZrbbhKd
又會點樣寫呢個故仔呢?
51Please respect copyright.PENANAIRgDb9kJ9E
-完-
ns 15.158.61.13da2