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非洲到而家16Please respect copyright.PENANA2L4udFE39n
一分鐘都仲係得嗰60秒16Please respect copyright.PENANAzNfHSl0lPk
大家有冇諗過係咩原因呢?16Please respect copyright.PENANAix5YBCluAC
今日就用呢一杯Gin & Tonic16Please respect copyright.PENANA6O7VmFVhNs
同大家講吓呢個喺各大討論區久唔久都會問嘅問題16Please respect copyright.PENANA4YzcFQ3n6F
首先要簡單講講個時代背景先16Please respect copyright.PENANAz4qiOxw3or
自蒙古冧檔鄂圖曼崛起後16Please respect copyright.PENANAmW8C5HO5u4
通向東方嘅貿易路線就咁畀班異教徒壟斷咗16Please respect copyright.PENANAMm3JAWGluK
運往歐洲嘅香料茶葉以至各式各樣嘅東方商品16Please respect copyright.PENANAGbJehztotd
買少見少之餘亦都水漲船高16Please respect copyright.PENANA7SlqNO3vVH
其中畀人食水食得最甘嘅16Please respect copyright.PENANABkf1zL77Tu
就係距離中東最遠歐洲最西邊嗰兩隻牙16Please respect copyright.PENANArFGUx0Q8pu
喺咁大嘅經濟誘因下16Please respect copyright.PENANANoJBOr0a8m
呢對牙就踏上尋找繞過中東直奔遠東之路喇
首先傳嚟“好消息”嘅係西班牙16Please respect copyright.PENANAGSDFjWvQzo
1493年3月15日星期五中午 16Please respect copyright.PENANAby8JwIowbC
哥倫布同佢捉返嚟嗰幾個“印度人”喺西班牙嘅帕洛斯港登岸16Please respect copyright.PENANADZ6OmpNP5a
斐迪南同伊莎貝拉嗰兩公婆梗係開心到癲啦16Please respect copyright.PENANAMMAPpvHfqK
西班牙國王斐迪南同王后伊莎貝拉接見哥倫布
跟住葡萄牙亦傳嚟捷報16Please respect copyright.PENANAyNBqyPwb8E
華士古·達伽馬喺1498年繞過非洲最南端嘅好望角到達印度嘅西岸16Please respect copyright.PENANA9NEA2ZhBU6
從此葡萄牙就連上咗本身已經非常蓬勃嘅印度洋貿易網16Please respect copyright.PENANAcKQcKAidfj
開始大國崛起之路喇(好似係)
事情就梗係唔會咁一帆風順啦16Please respect copyright.PENANAddQ89Bs0UM
意大利航海家亞美利哥·韋斯普奇喺1506年到達南美洲最南面嘅巴塔哥尼亞16Please respect copyright.PENANA2uoYPxmIPa
證實咗哥倫布搵到嘅唔係亞洲而係全新嘅大陸16Please respect copyright.PENANAjjvawMfRgw
(佢個名“Amerigo”亦都成為呢塊新大陸嘅名“America”)16Please respect copyright.PENANAhFLuMihJEz
咁既然唔係亞洲16Please respect copyright.PENANA3DvkFwpYFs
自然就唔會有好似胡椒肉桂呢啲比黃金仲值錢嘅香料16Please respect copyright.PENANAM60nUclzmV
好彩呢度啲生番唔知點解有好多黃金白銀16Please respect copyright.PENANAGDjKuFETqp
唉唔理喇殺晒班生番攞晒啲黃金先再講啦16Please respect copyright.PENANAQuGPsPin5H
就係咁喺槍炮同病毒嘅幫助下16Please respect copyright.PENANAqADuGCI8io
美洲三大帝國同佢地九成以上嘅國民就灰飛煙滅喇16Please respect copyright.PENANAropGyXNGAM
不過當人又殺晒金又攞盡時16Please respect copyright.PENANAyKrTPjBpCS
西班牙佬面對咁大撻殖民地16Please respect copyright.PENANAIx07zf0SyV
日常管理開墾探索全部都要人力財力16Please respect copyright.PENANA4r3OroLBse
攞到咁多地反而成為咗負累16Please respect copyright.PENANALyiHkDEks7
第一代日不落帝國最頂盛時期版圖16Please respect copyright.PENANAdOtPR8yj04
西班牙國王菲臘二世喺葡萄牙王位繼承戰贏咗16Please respect copyright.PENANA2T4VnFe5uj
吞埋葡萄牙啲殖民地(除咗澳門)
16Please respect copyright.PENANAWzlWdUpbl3
至於葡萄牙情況都唔好得幾多16Please respect copyright.PENANAMRSvDFhjhK
雖然繞過鄂圖曼直接同東方交易16Please respect copyright.PENANA9leMR7l6qR
可以食少幾浸中間人抽水16Please respect copyright.PENANASOOXzTxnKv
不過來回里斯本至印度西岸果亞嘅航線長度16Please respect copyright.PENANAF3CfP35CqK
同環繞赤道一周差唔多16Please respect copyright.PENANAD9FPwsurJ6
成個航程好彩嘅就一年鬆啲16Please respect copyright.PENANAEbRVnsblDt
萬一有咩阻滯16Please respect copyright.PENANAA18WGcD7DR
船隊趕唔切喺8月尾前趕到赤道16Please respect copyright.PENANA8ABgxDsrTB
食唔到最後嗰浸由東非吹向印度嘅季候風呢16Please respect copyright.PENANA1Oxtn3cwtn
就仆得街喇16Please respect copyright.PENANAsAukhHM2Zz
成隊船要喺東非呆等半年16Please respect copyright.PENANAvIRuUPgoyg
到下一年嘅春季起風先行得16Please respect copyright.PENANAK7LJmwsOu1
跟住去到印度又要等到冬天16Please respect copyright.PENANA2AXfzcb6b9
啲季候風先會轉向吹去東非16Please respect copyright.PENANAYoUfVm0GDl
前前後後成個航程會耽誤多足足一年16Please respect copyright.PENANAMtOqzCuIuY
而航程咁長咁耐真係咩事都可以發生16Please respect copyright.PENANAPwhTLdfAMN
成程船又要驚風暴擱淺16Please respect copyright.PENANASIAJO6NUW5
又要驚海盜、壞血病等等等等16Please respect copyright.PENANAh7F6J2wixP
(達伽馬第一次到達印度嘅航程,177個水手就有122個死於壞血病,包括佢個親兄弟)16Please respect copyright.PENANAxt1OLvxUqB
另外非洲沿岸設置大大小小上百個補給點同貿易站嘅防守維護開支16Please respect copyright.PENANARijbG7OQLI
加上佢個強鄰兼死敵西班牙又處處圍堵追擊16Please respect copyright.PENANAql1Vxt6Cok
呢啲嘢加加埋埋都幾係嘢16Please respect copyright.PENANAivB3MYCEB2
對葡萄牙呢個小國嚟講16Please respect copyright.PENANAdxA5T0bxKf
印度洋貿易呢嚿肥豬肉16Please respect copyright.PENANAQCMLpDkZ9x
就算食到都消化不良啦
15世紀葡萄牙喺非洲沿岸建立嘅貿易站
成個印度洋嘅貿易航線完全取決於唔同時節嘅季候風向
就咁睇呢種新興嘅殖民事業都幾惡搞16Please respect copyright.PENANAIdsH3cW0N1
不過正所謂辦法總比困難多
呢對歡喜冤家都不約而同望向同一個地方:
非洲
當初搞咁多嘢16Please respect copyright.PENANAKWuFhYinCW
目的都係想得到香料茶葉甘蔗呢啲歐洲種唔到嘅農作物啫16Please respect copyright.PENANA4S8peUWtBo
咁既然新大陸嘅氣候同東方咁接近16Please respect copyright.PENANAYuIxiXSVY2
話唔定可以攞嚟種番呢啲農產品㗎喎16Please respect copyright.PENANAzGEYvqLNMu
雖然成個美洲啲生番都死得八八九九冇晒勞動力16Please respect copyright.PENANAFrPek3nodT
不過非洲啲黑鬼個個都大大隻隻咁16Please respect copyright.PENANAL7DylP3AH1
運啲過去美洲種嘢唔係就fit晒喇咩16Please respect copyright.PENANA0rxW9F1ErW
美洲有耕地16Please respect copyright.PENANAAzMAM6MwYJ
非洲有人力16Please respect copyright.PENANAuxGX8xZNGI
而歐洲就有槍炮、需求同野心16Please respect copyright.PENANAgm7kZ0HsEm
就咁喺1525年歐洲人開始喺非洲捉啲黑鬼過美洲種嘢同開礦16Please respect copyright.PENANA44jTcwAnFe
然後將各類原材料運返去歐洲加工賺錢16Please respect copyright.PENANAQMJUK7dniP
再用啲錢嚟請人買武器去非洲捉更多嘅黑鬼16Please respect copyright.PENANA0I6c0vKHz7
西班牙同葡萄牙開始賺取佢地以往無法想像嘅錢16Please respect copyright.PENANA65FvdP7EBA
英國、法國、荷蘭、瑞典等等傳統同新興強國16Please respect copyright.PENANAEG0HfV4Y33
見到咁好賺就梗係叉隻腳埋嚟啦16Please respect copyright.PENANA2VeTcpRdMR
隨住呢種名為“三角貿易”嘅經濟模式盛行16Please respect copyright.PENANABjEGl2tYdc
各國加速佔據非洲沿岸嘅各個河口海灣16Please respect copyright.PENANAUBfxs5cUKA
務求搶奪更多嘅黑奴16Please respect copyright.PENANA8nZXABBgXx
由此激發各國投入人力物力16Please respect copyright.PENANAFWFB4wpyNq
研究更先進更精密嘅航海儀器16Please respect copyright.PENANAubpORbo4Mw
製造更多更大更快武裝更強嘅船16Please respect copyright.PENANAqS8PYqAhEs
西方科技自始得到長足嘅發展16Please respect copyright.PENANA19eecRpr6f
天文學、機械工程、物流、金融等等等等16Please respect copyright.PENANADzoUABOGQB
如果文藝復興係人類脫離愚昧嘅開端嘅話16Please respect copyright.PENANAUfqUTsbyqf
咁壯闊波瀾嘅“大航海時代”就係現代文明嘅奠基石喇16Please respect copyright.PENANAehydxlqcLz
三角貿易
250年間有超過兩千萬黑鬼運咗去美洲16Please respect copyright.PENANA7bHIwc7CPb為日後BLM埋下伏線
16Please respect copyright.PENANAHinDFkZi9F
睇到呢度16Please respect copyright.PENANASwTvALjk8P
相信各位聰明嘅小朋友都會有個疑問:16Please respect copyright.PENANAPwlFkbfcnH
乜非洲冇地畀佢地種嘢咩?16Please respect copyright.PENANAZ3d6Uq5Ozs
做乜嗰時啲歐洲佬咁撚笨柒16Please respect copyright.PENANAr36w1InytU
要山長水遠由非洲運啲黑鬼過美洲呀16Please respect copyright.PENANAcfLVAn8Uj6
呢樣正正就係今集要講嘅嘢16Please respect copyright.PENANAr9szJi3BP0
歷史係由一連串唔相關嘅偶然所組成16Please respect copyright.PENANADpHBQQlDxL
而家就講講喺17世紀一場教宗選舉16Please respect copyright.PENANAD5MsDDRmrF
同一個喺南美安第斯山脈雨林嘅科學發現16Please respect copyright.PENANA033FvwyzAK
係點樣喺非洲引發一場持續百年嘅風暴
1623年7月8號教宗額我略十五世病逝享年69歲16Please respect copyright.PENANAWJieqM1bvx
哦唔緊要咁咪選過個囉16Please respect copyright.PENANAufuMSc1E3z
於是由54個樞機組成嘅樞機團16Please respect copyright.PENANAoBZJ2nfkhz
喺7月16號舉行教宗選舉秘密會議16Please respect copyright.PENANAw5BEUTXrnO
準備選出新教宗喇16Please respect copyright.PENANAwTB4mxixoZ
大公教樞機團選老坐示意圖
16Please respect copyright.PENANAOBvN6Oiqxb
自16世紀起16Please respect copyright.PENANAu2QoiOXa5u
呢個小圈子選舉16Please respect copyright.PENANA7DhzyEcMgs
就畀波旁同哈布斯堡呢兩個大公教勢力操控16Please respect copyright.PENANAoe3Czfb8SJ
啲樞機會根據自己家族嘅利益16Please respect copyright.PENANAiTOHJDJPkM
大致分為親法國同親西班牙兩大陣營16Please respect copyright.PENANA5HoiJTzZeJ
每次選辦事人時都會拗得面紅耳赤16Please respect copyright.PENANAzXH0VP0qnE
有時仲會大打出手16Please respect copyright.PENANAmLAxxyBsPO
好似1605年3月嗰次16Please respect copyright.PENANAoUCBw7hDCP
就有個樞機開會時畀人開拖打斷咗幾條骨16Please respect copyright.PENANApyZ8DyYaTo
今次個競爭一樣係咁激烈16Please respect copyright.PENANAPSNzh9SJfg
不過呢個唔係今集重點16Please respect copyright.PENANAVqAYLtKYjU
所以就唔花太多篇幅去講喇16Please respect copyright.PENANA86Kf7uHxZ2
我直接講個結果:16Please respect copyright.PENANANEaCQH8eOX
半死嘅馬費奧·巴貝里尼當選為第235任教宗16Please respect copyright.PENANAtgEqXmfIrQ
法號伍朋八世16Please respect copyright.PENANAwvYQt4hWSo
而成場選舉最後死咗8個樞機同30個神職人員16Please respect copyright.PENANAPCZiUX6RDY
…16Please respect copyright.PENANALTNj4F5Gyt
..16Please respect copyright.PENANAmnlKmy3jeP
.16Please respect copyright.PENANAfIk5QGdaPe
開個會啫唔使死吓嘛???16Please respect copyright.PENANALzujoCXRHo
咩事搞到咁大壇呀?
伍朋八世
班老嘢就梗係唔係玩往死裏打咁激動啦16Please respect copyright.PENANA7kUgVWmolB
佢地其實係病死嘅16Please respect copyright.PENANAbhOwh0a7UE
喺呢度要教大家一個中世紀意大利名詞
"Mal'Aria"
直譯就係"bad air""腐敗嘅空氣"16Please respect copyright.PENANA1quGrYQsz9
即係現代所講嘅"瘧疾(Malaria)"喇16Please respect copyright.PENANALg41Aiwic5
舊時啲人唔知瘧疾係由蚊傳播16Please respect copyright.PENANA85yUjfMIZP
佢地只係知每當天氣熱時16Please respect copyright.PENANAlZxVgblLl9
沼澤腐爛動植物嘅氣味16Please respect copyright.PENANAZoeN86uPSE
係會令人發燒同病死16Please respect copyright.PENANA1UA46MmEan
呢個就係"Malaria"呢個字嘅由來喇
中國古籍記載喺嶺南雲貴川地區嘅"瘴氣"其實都係指瘧疾16Please respect copyright.PENANACB4qvZkN5n
呢個係唔同文化嘅人觀察自然現象有共通之處嘅其中一個例子
自古羅馬帝國喺布匿戰爭消滅北非嘅迦太基後16Please respect copyright.PENANAeq6iF3pI3N
羅馬士兵就將迦太基城入面嘅金銀財寶男女戰俘16Please respect copyright.PENANAFgkK2OB3am
以及戰俘身體入面嘅瘧疾病原體16Please respect copyright.PENANAZmgJRw8BDa
帶返去羅馬本土喇16Please respect copyright.PENANA9ChmPNH1GM
羅馬城本身係建築喺台伯河嘅沼澤地帶16Please respect copyright.PENANA5QfqsZrVIC
帶有瘧疾嘅蚊正好喺呢啲地方大量繁殖16Please respect copyright.PENANAmJD83BeYvX
再經羅馬帝國發達嘅公路網傳遍歐洲各地16Please respect copyright.PENANA64ASaEkXdW
自此瘧疾就好似迦太基亡靈施加喺羅馬嘅詛咒一樣16Please respect copyright.PENANAbydNlJALMy
每年夏天炎熱潮濕時16Please respect copyright.PENANAaDFlbRfjlk
呢個持續上千年嘅詛咒都會出嚟索命16Please respect copyright.PENANAvshpGn1xO5
額我略十五世唔遲唔早16Please respect copyright.PENANAWGWqQcsmcL
啱啱好就喺羅馬城最熱最潮濕嘅季節釘蓋16Please respect copyright.PENANAD22aBbR9r5
今次算班樞機唔好彩喇16Please respect copyright.PENANAXsXkS3Q5wF
16Please respect copyright.PENANAXKqOFAuNvN
同樣中招病到半死嘅伍朋八世16Please respect copyright.PENANAU83BXDgFLg
見到咁多同佢一樣本身位高權重嘅樞機蒙主寵召16Please respect copyright.PENANA0xpCvRRGyg
梗係嚇到鼻哥窿都冇肉啦16Please respect copyright.PENANAWebEnuzM1T
佢下令要根治呢種沼澤毒氣所引發嘅疾病16Please respect copyright.PENANA5eXN6WaJwj
咁嗰時計呢隻嘢都已經成千年歷史16Please respect copyright.PENANAtU1LxEDzW3
當然唔會係阿教宗話要根治就根治到啦16Please respect copyright.PENANA7cDkgumJTn
中世紀時啲醫生醫瘧疾16Please respect copyright.PENANA9I2V4KDyoS
都係用好似放血呀截肢呀呢啲聽落似酷刑多啲嘅方法16Please respect copyright.PENANA24sjgX3mT3
真係唔醫好過醫16Please respect copyright.PENANAN15nDAyQHg
不過喺呢個大航海時代16Please respect copyright.PENANAANXLxdPDfg
的確提供咗更多更好嘅可能性畀佢16Please respect copyright.PENANAVT1WyW9ZCy
16世紀起16Please respect copyright.PENANANQcX1Gf9qS
耶穌會嘅傳教士跟隨住西班牙同葡萄牙嘅艦隊16Please respect copyright.PENANADtiS1IPZtl
去到美洲﹑非洲以至亞洲16Please respect copyright.PENANAhmGlGT7yhf
大量教廷嘅爪牙深入各地擴張教廷嘅影響力傳播上帝嘅愛16Please respect copyright.PENANAibrv1agSUg
呢啲傳教士並唔係普通嘅人16Please respect copyright.PENANAh8uykfbVIR
嗰時嘅神學同而家嘅醫科﹑精算一樣16Please respect copyright.PENANAZpUQpdT55z
都係最炙手可熱嘅科目16Please respect copyright.PENANAOpupSmf6iO
讀得嘅都係社會上最精英嗰批人材16Please respect copyright.PENANAETVhFe84EH
派得出去傳教嘅更加係精英中嘅精英16Please respect copyright.PENANAPF19POQc8v
呢啲咁聰明嘅腦袋去到世界唔同嘅角落16Please respect copyright.PENANAwiKwZ37sCW
當然就唔會甘於淨係傳教咁簡單啦16Please respect copyright.PENANAvpSWQXrjse
佢地藉呢個機會研究唔同地方嘅風土人情16Please respect copyright.PENANAQSXjrnECwS
地理﹑生物學﹑語言學﹑醫藥....16Please respect copyright.PENANAf5CC85nTbB
西方嘅眼界再唔局限喺歐亞大陸16Please respect copyright.PENANAFXvZTJVB2h
喺呢個地理大發現時代16Please respect copyright.PENANAzradWXC950
呢啲耶撚的確佔咗一個相當重要嘅位置16Please respect copyright.PENANA4oojYFNvET
呢個故事嘅主要成份16Please respect copyright.PENANAywcgJubQWK
就係由呢班耶撚所發現㗎喇
間返返去十七世紀初16Please respect copyright.PENANAWEwXJ5Kr7K
地點係秘魯總督區嘅首府利馬16Please respect copyright.PENANAwbtUNGuBLT
自1535年西班牙佬征服呢度嘅印加人後16Please respect copyright.PENANAU6WKEU9EEV
呢塊位處於安第斯山脈同太平洋之間嘅沃土16Please respect copyright.PENANAJ27xMNtMDu
就畀西班牙殖民者建立起一個又一個嘅果園﹑酒莊同農場16Please respect copyright.PENANACwSJK96L4W
咁有農地自然就要灌溉16Please respect copyright.PENANAdMFoWjQU60
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就成為秘魯總督區最值錢嘅商品喇
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不過如果冇事冇幹純粹食嚟預防中招嘅話呢?16Please respect copyright.PENANAZVIjVIYGSy
就唔同咁講喇16Please respect copyright.PENANApamcjTR7e3
要班盲字都唔識多隻嘅大兵16Please respect copyright.PENANA6a8LJ65rBE
每日食啲苦到可以當催吐劑嘅藥粉16Please respect copyright.PENANAV55rMxYhTH
去“預防”一種佢地未經歷過嘅疾病16Please respect copyright.PENANAwv0OAozdG9
服從性有幾高可想而知16Please respect copyright.PENANAJroTkaNYeD
雖然中咗瘧疾都會有藥醫16Please respect copyright.PENANApFnObm6chX
不過成個殖民地枕住有一堆士兵臥病在床嘅話16Please respect copyright.PENANAyz3rD1VdVD
咁對本身已經好甘嘅殖民地維護開支嚟講16Please respect copyright.PENANATFeNJCbbcI
無疑係甘上加甘16Please respect copyright.PENANAqKn0j0G46n
要知道各國喺瘧疾預防上可謂大灑金錢16Please respect copyright.PENANAjBFNE4gHpZ
例如英國每年就使咗超過£60,00016Please respect copyright.PENANARABA3Zorlh
即係折合現時大概七千幾萬港紙喺預防性奎寧配給度16Please respect copyright.PENANAPxpHE7Arbo
錢就使咗效果又冇16Please respect copyright.PENANAY5eYjwdRS4
咁點搞?16Please respect copyright.PENANAc1RzhEUQEa
“嗚...條女冇咗lu...”16Please respect copyright.PENANAUrZOunoX9b
法國“勸喻”殖民地士兵每日服用奎寧嘅海報
英國人喺印度搵到答案16Please respect copyright.PENANAN8grqe4k62
作為糖嘅發源地16Please respect copyright.PENANAyavuyLuWl9
印度人用糖嘅程度超乎常人想像16Please respect copyright.PENANA307RwODmNd
(食過印度甜品都會知點解)
喺1850年左右16Please respect copyright.PENANAzrb8Jau7rI
英國東印度公司駐孟買嘅軍官16Please respect copyright.PENANAPceanMU6We
開始流行一種服用奎寧嘅方法:16Please respect copyright.PENANAyVJN1xdHDe
佢地將每日配給到嘅奎寧16Please respect copyright.PENANAHKAQtLz6Z9
溶入高濃度糖水16Please respect copyright.PENANAPDFVDOZVmo
再加啲檸檬汁同檸檬皮16Please respect copyright.PENANAx2LrrHzOMg
製成風味獨特嘅奎寧糖漿16Please respect copyright.PENANAnG9mp8rOJV
將呢啲糖漿稀釋成合適嘅甜度16Please respect copyright.PENANAJ8GSuqjTFO
就成為現今湯力水(Tonic water)嘅雛形喇16Please respect copyright.PENANARYt4aVGjKk
啲軍官再進一步16Please respect copyright.PENANAXInT3E6RDj
用呢啲湯力水勾兌當時平到可以當水飲嘅氈酒16Please respect copyright.PENANABVBnEcSrrC
一款苦中帶甜、清新爽口嘅雞尾酒就誕生喇
16Please respect copyright.PENANAnYxW0AI5fU
用氈酒嚟溝湯力水可以話係神來之筆16Please respect copyright.PENANAtMT9caSLgg
法國人曾經試過用紅酒16Please respect copyright.PENANAGRtCwP3H1z
不過溝出嚟嘅味道好怪16Please respect copyright.PENANAFrl5Nx5bS6
只係似加咗糖而帶強烈苦澀味嘅藥水16Please respect copyright.PENANAp4SRB6Yj51
味道完全唔融和16Please respect copyright.PENANAo8YtCiyrmS
而平價嘅氈酒出奇地掩蓋到奎寧嘅苦味16Please respect copyright.PENANATWSjVaGWAZ
後來研究發現16Please respect copyright.PENANAcBQ67Nt8oi
原來係氈酒入面杜松子嘅成份16Please respect copyright.PENANAfxrE10GLVD
同奎寧結合成聚合體16Please respect copyright.PENANApWiln6J0LG
大幅改變奎寧嘅味道16Please respect copyright.PENANAjTJzD57eUl
呢個偶然嘅發現16Please respect copyright.PENANArkNv0fcEA9
都可以當做呢篇非洲血淚史嘅一個小小嘅註腳嘅
呢款充滿異國風情、被稱為“Gin & Tonic”嘅雞尾酒即時大受歡迎16Please respect copyright.PENANAl26AIBQdZG
佢嘅配方通過水手同退役歸國嘅官兵16Please respect copyright.PENANAOSyybO590r
傳遍各殖民地以至歐陸各國嘅酒吧16Please respect copyright.PENANARhTe3AP5Xf
一時間奎寧就由難以下嚥嘅苦藥16Please respect copyright.PENANAHpQHjN9LcS
變成社交場合必備嘅飲品16Please respect copyright.PENANAVC1ilADR5U
湯力水受歡迎嘅程度16Please respect copyright.PENANAALkhFklAyK
甚至開始有公司改良同製作商業產品16Please respect copyright.PENANAr27pdbrLNO
好似發明樽裝梳打水嘅Schweppes(玉泉)16Please respect copyright.PENANAGIVg9UYJUn
就喺1870年將奎寧糖漿加入樽裝梳打水16Please respect copyright.PENANAwBdV8MNf8F
成為方便攜帶飲用嘅有汽湯力水16Please respect copyright.PENANAncx5LRYRuS
唔同時期嘅Schweppes湯力水樽
奎寧的確拯救咗好多英國以至歐洲人嘅命16Please respect copyright.PENANAIkOSpGn6xv
例如喺1875年16Please respect copyright.PENANASaeAfxiuvD
英軍喺塞拉利昂嘅死亡率16Please respect copyright.PENANACPUiyLhJZd
已經跌到去1.5%16Please respect copyright.PENANAYDYORwJ6fX
不過正所謂每個銀仔都有兩面16Please respect copyright.PENANAZLkYuIsARd
下集會講吓16Please respect copyright.PENANAnUzZpeJOdA
呢隻邱吉爾口中所講救人無數嘅聖藥16Please respect copyright.PENANAJAfZwOhZOe
係點樣改寫無數非洲人嘅命運16Please respect copyright.PENANAtCc6nKKCGr