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大家有冇諗過係咩原因呢?53Please respect copyright.PENANA2nn4QoquIj
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同大家講吓呢個喺各大討論區久唔久都會問嘅問題53Please respect copyright.PENANArr8lBX7CiL
首先要簡單講講個時代背景先53Please respect copyright.PENANApE5hXHhLgR
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通向東方嘅貿易路線就咁畀班異教徒壟斷咗53Please respect copyright.PENANARBIe9wc3oN
運往歐洲嘅香料茶葉以至各式各樣嘅東方商品53Please respect copyright.PENANAURHL26qcf8
買少見少之餘亦都水漲船高53Please respect copyright.PENANAsO4vNpzay0
其中畀人食水食得最甘嘅53Please respect copyright.PENANApLO2rQFFco
就係距離中東最遠歐洲最西邊嗰兩隻牙53Please respect copyright.PENANAHfGEAQ0NLP
喺咁大嘅經濟誘因下53Please respect copyright.PENANAPeCyVMCrgC
呢對牙就踏上尋找繞過中東直奔遠東之路喇
首先傳嚟“好消息”嘅係西班牙53Please respect copyright.PENANAjIfVP2yUzP
1493年3月15日星期五中午 53Please respect copyright.PENANA1sE3uBlNbf
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斐迪南同伊莎貝拉嗰兩公婆梗係開心到癲啦53Please respect copyright.PENANALIiDoZvncJ
西班牙國王斐迪南同王后伊莎貝拉接見哥倫布53Please respect copyright.PENANAf2gNcCoKEN
跟住葡萄牙亦傳嚟捷報53Please respect copyright.PENANAKcaJDqWlRR
華士古·達伽馬喺1498年繞過非洲最南端嘅好望角到達印度嘅西岸53Please respect copyright.PENANAt3YoSAfddR
從此葡萄牙就連上咗本身已經非常蓬勃嘅印度洋貿易網53Please respect copyright.PENANAryBZ1XvKcR
開始大國崛起之路喇(好似係)
事情就梗係唔會咁一帆風順啦53Please respect copyright.PENANACjxEP8Ne6a
意大利航海家亞美利哥·韋斯普奇喺1506年到達南美洲最南面嘅巴塔哥尼亞53Please respect copyright.PENANAqb1knItul2
證實咗哥倫布搵到嘅唔係亞洲而係全新嘅大陸53Please respect copyright.PENANAMFSIPO0O5t
(佢個名“Amerigo”亦都成為呢塊新大陸嘅名“America”)53Please respect copyright.PENANAc0Tm7yXjwS
咁既然唔係亞洲53Please respect copyright.PENANAphQ8c1pTqL
自然就唔會有好似胡椒肉桂呢啲比黃金仲值錢嘅香料53Please respect copyright.PENANA0XlXr2UJxB
好彩呢度啲生番唔知點解有好多黃金白銀53Please respect copyright.PENANA0P1HKMYNSJ
唉唔理喇殺晒班生番攞晒啲黃金先再講啦53Please respect copyright.PENANAkyM5iRaS0V
就係咁喺槍炮同病毒嘅幫助下53Please respect copyright.PENANA8oNiESGvFw
美洲三大帝國同佢地九成以上嘅國民就灰飛煙滅喇53Please respect copyright.PENANAcUdgaOijo2
不過當人又殺晒金又攞盡時53Please respect copyright.PENANATO5LUcHFYJ
西班牙佬面對咁大撻殖民地53Please respect copyright.PENANAdncFyKXFU6
日常管理開墾探索全部都要人力財力53Please respect copyright.PENANAZ1XK8o2uPL
攞到咁多地反而成為咗負累53Please respect copyright.PENANA1XBWKB5SG2
第一代日不落帝國最頂盛時期版圖53Please respect copyright.PENANArXFYINj7br
西班牙國王菲臘二世喺葡萄牙王位繼承戰贏咗53Please respect copyright.PENANAwU2K933U7V
吞埋葡萄牙啲殖民地(除咗澳門)
至於葡萄牙情況都唔好得幾多53Please respect copyright.PENANAY0R7YPU927
雖然繞過鄂圖曼直接同東方交易53Please respect copyright.PENANA72Y842rFVk
可以食少幾浸中間人抽水53Please respect copyright.PENANAoQM2c6dHCK
不過來回里斯本至印度西岸果亞嘅航線長度53Please respect copyright.PENANAaWmRwbHLIF
同環繞赤道一周差唔多53Please respect copyright.PENANAbeUvCvWSgb
成個航程好彩嘅就一年鬆啲53Please respect copyright.PENANAAfNXGRmxmG
萬一有咩阻滯53Please respect copyright.PENANAgoAUFqKMi9
船隊趕唔切喺8月尾前趕到赤道53Please respect copyright.PENANALq412tXmVD
食唔到最後嗰浸由東非吹向印度嘅季候風呢53Please respect copyright.PENANA4pUb9ZSOQ4
就仆得街喇53Please respect copyright.PENANAgaew6ETU22
成隊船要喺東非呆等半年53Please respect copyright.PENANAlMeechyhzK
到下一年嘅春季起風先行得53Please respect copyright.PENANA25yFdTbA0m
跟住去到印度又要等到冬天53Please respect copyright.PENANAXA2MX0QQDo
啲季候風先會轉向吹去東非53Please respect copyright.PENANAw6l7Pfk2HJ
前前後後成個航程會耽誤多足足一年53Please respect copyright.PENANACJ7Rh8Ith3
而航程咁長咁耐真係咩事都可以發生53Please respect copyright.PENANApjTwdapcZK
成程船又要驚風暴擱淺53Please respect copyright.PENANARXEogsOz78
又要驚海盜、壞血病等等等等53Please respect copyright.PENANABNS5VsiYlP
(達伽馬第一次到達印度嘅航程,177個水手就有122個死於壞血病,包括佢個親兄弟)53Please respect copyright.PENANAQfVd3fsyzU
另外非洲沿岸設置大大小小上百個補給點同貿易站嘅防守維護開支53Please respect copyright.PENANAoQHbfZmG7U
加上佢個強鄰兼死敵西班牙又處處圍堵追擊53Please respect copyright.PENANAVA31BhfpaV
呢啲嘢加加埋埋都幾係嘢53Please respect copyright.PENANAJnlFKcsbWH
對葡萄牙呢個小國嚟講53Please respect copyright.PENANABo0iMc7jDG
印度洋貿易呢嚿肥豬肉53Please respect copyright.PENANAAnF8IUMtVG
就算食到都消化不良啦53Please respect copyright.PENANA6TRmPFu53G
15世紀葡萄牙喺非洲沿岸建立嘅貿易站53Please respect copyright.PENANAv0Rwhute7A
成個印度洋嘅貿易航線完全取決於唔同時節嘅季候風向53Please respect copyright.PENANALbGNoMlQmR
就咁睇呢種新興嘅殖民事業都幾惡搞53Please respect copyright.PENANAycxWvbtnFV
不過正所謂辦法總比困難多53Please respect copyright.PENANA3WKUjbIY2h
呢對歡喜冤家都不約而同望向同一個地方:53Please respect copyright.PENANA5z9pfs6eg6
非洲
當初搞咁多嘢53Please respect copyright.PENANAnyvy7utbEx
目的都係想得到香料茶葉甘蔗呢啲歐洲種唔到嘅農作物啫53Please respect copyright.PENANARhkJNdi6VO
咁既然新大陸嘅氣候同東方咁接近53Please respect copyright.PENANASEvVL062Hu
話唔定可以攞嚟種番呢啲農產品㗎喎53Please respect copyright.PENANAQ9NFO6bXxF
雖然成個美洲啲生番都死得八八九九冇晒勞動力53Please respect copyright.PENANAsmXNaimSfl
不過非洲啲黑鬼個個都大大隻隻咁53Please respect copyright.PENANAnCqcM6dV2R
運啲過去美洲種嘢唔係就fit晒喇咩53Please respect copyright.PENANA1LPl5qfzau
美洲有耕地53Please respect copyright.PENANAfMNFksxKeR
非洲有人力53Please respect copyright.PENANAZcwm2ZpdfV
而歐洲就有槍炮、需求同野心53Please respect copyright.PENANAT4qiAl4eEv
就咁喺1525年歐洲人開始喺非洲捉啲黑鬼過美洲種嘢同開礦53Please respect copyright.PENANA6VGVVksBUi
然後將各類原材料運返去歐洲加工賺錢53Please respect copyright.PENANA6MZoJ0GW05
再用啲錢嚟請人買武器去非洲捉更多嘅黑鬼53Please respect copyright.PENANAILhHcj737S
西班牙同葡萄牙開始賺取佢地以往無法想像嘅錢53Please respect copyright.PENANAiRwQH1EUhR
英國、法國、荷蘭、瑞典等等傳統同新興強國53Please respect copyright.PENANAT0BGdiPJW5
見到咁好賺就梗係叉隻腳埋嚟啦53Please respect copyright.PENANAWY0VYkENLZ
隨住呢種名為“三角貿易”嘅經濟模式盛行53Please respect copyright.PENANAvymIept8jY
各國加速佔據非洲沿岸嘅各個河口海灣53Please respect copyright.PENANAJfjda5Xjxy
務求搶奪更多嘅黑奴53Please respect copyright.PENANAcZ5kXGodQd
由此激發各國投入人力物力53Please respect copyright.PENANAGMljlcYfbu
研究更先進更精密嘅航海儀器53Please respect copyright.PENANA89iPh7ljsO
製造更多更大更快武裝更強嘅船53Please respect copyright.PENANAPa3axYyQho
西方科技自始得到長足嘅發展53Please respect copyright.PENANAYXLVc7wjOe
天文學、機械工程、物流、金融等等等等53Please respect copyright.PENANAqjdXBePdEt
如果文藝復興係人類脫離愚昧嘅開端嘅話53Please respect copyright.PENANAUICpoeM0mi
咁壯闊波瀾嘅“大航海時代”就係現代文明嘅奠基石喇
三角貿易53Please respect copyright.PENANABJV1EXdi5Z
250年間有超過兩千萬黑鬼運咗去美洲53Please respect copyright.PENANAaOGGfauCD9為日後BLM埋下伏線
睇到呢度53Please respect copyright.PENANAIcDFXanBFO
相信各位聰明嘅小朋友都會有個疑問:53Please respect copyright.PENANAKb5AWLft9c
乜非洲冇地畀佢地種嘢咩?53Please respect copyright.PENANADzhtPgiKLL
做乜嗰時啲歐洲佬咁撚笨柒53Please respect copyright.PENANAidQzw9fQ2s
要山長水遠由非洲運啲黑鬼過美洲呀53Please respect copyright.PENANAhMMjno0Irx
呢樣正正就係今集要講嘅嘢53Please respect copyright.PENANAJBFj4F0KG2
歷史係由一連串唔相關嘅偶然所組成53Please respect copyright.PENANAeYvlCrNojB
而家就講講喺17世紀一場教宗選舉53Please respect copyright.PENANADGuEjuRnit
同一個喺南美安第斯山脈雨林嘅科學發現53Please respect copyright.PENANAlHQlphzJFR
係點樣喺非洲引發一場持續百年嘅風暴
1623年7月8號教宗額我略十五世病逝享年69歲53Please respect copyright.PENANAxIjKsMIdVl
哦唔緊要咁咪選過個囉53Please respect copyright.PENANAIeCrV2mAgy
於是由54個樞機組成嘅樞機團53Please respect copyright.PENANA1IArkyfHB1
喺7月16號舉行教宗選舉秘密會議53Please respect copyright.PENANANwhI1KxoQB
準備選出新教宗喇53Please respect copyright.PENANABgNyiMcpRO
大公教樞機團選老坐示意圖53Please respect copyright.PENANAhV1XKkcmYh
自16世紀起53Please respect copyright.PENANA5TSIvSAEEm
呢個小圈子選舉53Please respect copyright.PENANAtGfiNiq2li
就畀波旁同哈布斯堡呢兩個大公教勢力操控53Please respect copyright.PENANANIhChPSd8m
啲樞機會根據自己家族嘅利益53Please respect copyright.PENANA1RwzFfoKXT
大致分為親法國同親西班牙兩大陣營53Please respect copyright.PENANAW8p9ZXZwz8
每次選辦事人時都會拗得面紅耳赤53Please respect copyright.PENANAOoXdHUaN7A
有時仲會大打出手53Please respect copyright.PENANAkfrqRfkYS8
好似1605年3月嗰次53Please respect copyright.PENANAbTthuMvNAe
就有個樞機開會時畀人開拖打斷咗幾條骨53Please respect copyright.PENANAeAdyKwTieW
今次個競爭一樣係咁激烈53Please respect copyright.PENANAu4YlfeGfKp
不過呢個唔係今集重點53Please respect copyright.PENANA0yxeJfD4Gj
所以就唔花太多篇幅去講喇53Please respect copyright.PENANAlagaus5f0c
我直接講個結果:53Please respect copyright.PENANAFmkayHhGoy
半死嘅馬費奧·巴貝里尼當選為第235任教宗53Please respect copyright.PENANA6BX9WQpPTi
法號伍朋八世53Please respect copyright.PENANAjEysudWkIt
而成場選舉最後死咗8個樞機同30個神職人員53Please respect copyright.PENANA80Pcg6PUEe
…53Please respect copyright.PENANAWTujAyqp5U
..53Please respect copyright.PENANA9GUADoOZpO
.53Please respect copyright.PENANAe6eP44ivjQ
開個會啫唔使死吓嘛???53Please respect copyright.PENANAw6VHO5RzyR
咩事搞到咁大壇呀?
伍朋八世
班老嘢就梗係唔係玩往死裏打咁激動啦53Please respect copyright.PENANAayCORYMFNM
佢地其實係病死嘅53Please respect copyright.PENANAHY4TrqtOeK
喺呢度要教大家一個中世紀意大利名詞
"Mal'Aria"
直譯就係"bad air""腐敗嘅空氣"53Please respect copyright.PENANAj8mLdhoAEy
即係現代所講嘅"瘧疾(Malaria)"喇53Please respect copyright.PENANAOJ5sLAXufW
舊時啲人唔知瘧疾係由蚊傳播53Please respect copyright.PENANAWgmaTUxubK
佢地只係知每當天氣熱時53Please respect copyright.PENANAOv0np7h4cw
沼澤腐爛動植物嘅氣味53Please respect copyright.PENANADbQgnaDHYF
係會令人發燒同病死53Please respect copyright.PENANAyvNDY1bjUi
呢個就係"Malaria"呢個字嘅由來喇
中國古籍記載喺嶺南雲貴川地區嘅"瘴氣"其實都係指瘧疾53Please respect copyright.PENANAbnruC52vKT
呢個係唔同文化嘅人觀察自然現象有共通之處嘅其中一個例子
自古羅馬帝國喺布匿戰爭消滅北非嘅迦太基後53Please respect copyright.PENANA1XuB7AR1i1
羅馬士兵就將迦太基城入面嘅金銀財寶男女戰俘53Please respect copyright.PENANAjNIoGjoS9R
以及戰俘身體入面嘅瘧疾病原體53Please respect copyright.PENANA4sLI8k79bn
帶返去羅馬本土喇53Please respect copyright.PENANAhQDphieX0y
羅馬城本身係建築喺台伯河嘅沼澤地帶53Please respect copyright.PENANAgWbAsPhMso
帶有瘧疾嘅蚊正好喺呢啲地方大量繁殖53Please respect copyright.PENANAMmLaOMR61s
再經羅馬帝國發達嘅公路網傳遍歐洲各地53Please respect copyright.PENANAWzW5GNN7eu
自此瘧疾就好似迦太基亡靈施加喺羅馬嘅詛咒一樣53Please respect copyright.PENANAVJE4fPNZYx
每年夏天炎熱潮濕時53Please respect copyright.PENANAHJcGlEjUi9
呢個持續上千年嘅詛咒都會出嚟索命53Please respect copyright.PENANAVGGc0NR9Oo
額我略十五世唔遲唔早53Please respect copyright.PENANARU4NP4SPpS
啱啱好就喺羅馬城最熱最潮濕嘅季節釘蓋53Please respect copyright.PENANADQbcXO7Gnu
今次算班樞機唔好彩喇53Please respect copyright.PENANADVLVcwjwtR
同樣中招病到半死嘅伍朋八世53Please respect copyright.PENANApXPcRt6Bzj
見到咁多同佢一樣本身位高權重嘅樞機蒙主寵召53Please respect copyright.PENANAcUM2kKVnIb
梗係嚇到鼻哥窿都冇肉啦53Please respect copyright.PENANAqkyDoerbcP
佢下令要根治呢種沼澤毒氣所引發嘅疾病53Please respect copyright.PENANA37B3qCnn1F
咁嗰時計呢隻嘢都已經成千年歷史53Please respect copyright.PENANAWmQ89BV0MH
當然唔會係阿教宗話要根治就根治到啦53Please respect copyright.PENANAYXYM9j7dXT
中世紀時啲醫生醫瘧疾53Please respect copyright.PENANAS9qUwSZtfv
都係用好似放血呀截肢呀呢啲聽落似酷刑多啲嘅方法53Please respect copyright.PENANAnD9uJM9CFA
真係唔醫好過醫53Please respect copyright.PENANA9UQ8BxKu3D
不過喺呢個大航海時代53Please respect copyright.PENANA7Q8PT2qzuz
的確提供咗更多更好嘅可能性畀佢53Please respect copyright.PENANArUkKTE042L
16世紀起53Please respect copyright.PENANAY9cMOAGJON
耶穌會嘅傳教士跟隨住西班牙同葡萄牙嘅艦隊53Please respect copyright.PENANAM2XmR6XIA1
去到美洲﹑非洲以至亞洲53Please respect copyright.PENANApOCuLkXTsX
大量教廷嘅爪牙深入各地擴張教廷嘅影響力傳播上帝嘅愛53Please respect copyright.PENANATFyLvwh2El
呢啲傳教士並唔係普通嘅人53Please respect copyright.PENANAN1Yh4V5Y1h
嗰時嘅神學同而家嘅醫科﹑精算一樣53Please respect copyright.PENANAcFNyRfn3Jm
都係最炙手可熱嘅科目53Please respect copyright.PENANAPaJGljPCT5
讀得嘅都係社會上最精英嗰批人材53Please respect copyright.PENANARciOij0r5u
派得出去傳教嘅更加係精英中嘅精英53Please respect copyright.PENANAWEh8zIzmsw
呢啲咁聰明嘅腦袋去到世界唔同嘅角落53Please respect copyright.PENANAvGW8p1lbQz
當然就唔會甘於淨係傳教咁簡單啦53Please respect copyright.PENANA7DznARYvZt
佢地藉呢個機會研究唔同地方嘅風土人情53Please respect copyright.PENANA2FZUBkNmMV
地理﹑生物學﹑語言學﹑醫藥....53Please respect copyright.PENANAyKyesQuof8
西方嘅眼界再唔局限喺歐亞大陸53Please respect copyright.PENANAEV7GUUEFdm
喺呢個地理大發現時代53Please respect copyright.PENANAHSJBCWwHML
呢啲耶撚的確佔咗一個相當重要嘅位置53Please respect copyright.PENANAgrVy7TmwMq
呢個故事嘅主要成份53Please respect copyright.PENANADKumQpcG7D
就係由呢班耶撚所發現㗎喇
間返返去十七世紀初53Please respect copyright.PENANAxygjs5zDUd
地點係秘魯總督區嘅首府利馬53Please respect copyright.PENANAHPEt5drtaE
自1535年西班牙佬征服呢度嘅印加人後53Please respect copyright.PENANAvKBpZ7hyDX
呢塊位處於安第斯山脈同太平洋之間嘅沃土53Please respect copyright.PENANAuT8U7wVB7O
就畀西班牙殖民者建立起一個又一個嘅果園﹑酒莊同農場53Please respect copyright.PENANAmI9wHgSWJX
咁有農地自然就要灌溉53Please respect copyright.PENANAztSdRSmb2n
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秘魯總督區
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歸功於當地一個一日拜神拜到黑嘅癲婆聖女53Please respect copyright.PENANAW0J8WlaIPx
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成個拉丁美洲而家有成堆地方係叫"Santa Rosa"53Please respect copyright.PENANATcr8rltnU1
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點知咁啱得咁橋53Please respect copyright.PENANApjZvqqaFkl
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呢個係人類第一次記載有效治療瘧疾嘅記錄
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就成為秘魯總督區最值錢嘅商品喇
手持樹皮嘅奧古斯丁·薩倫布里諾❨Agostín Salumbrino❩
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康熙盛世就會變成康熙盛年逝世
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遇到咩奇難雜症都好53Please respect copyright.PENANAOnVjGVuvKW
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哥倫布大轉移
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味道呢家嘢遲少少先講啦53Please respect copyright.PENANAIsNLZXUyH9
而家就講吓第二個問題先
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最早嘅紀錄可以追溯到5000年前美索不達米亞嘅蘇美爾人53Please respect copyright.PENANAvCRID5Dzn5
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不外乎都係磨粉沖水或者幾廿味藥材三碗水煲埋一桶水53Please respect copyright.PENANAr5peM9oajt
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係教廷消滅新教徒嘅陰謀53Please respect copyright.PENANAheTDREBccX
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奧利華•克倫威爾 (Oliver Cromwell) 53Please respect copyright.PENANAGJkmZqoeeB
1658年9月3號因瘧疾併發症病逝享年59歲53Please respect copyright.PENANA0yXQyCgquI
直到死嗰刻都唔肯聽醫生意見食呢隻藥53Please respect copyright.PENANABdbmiyi4XY
可想而知呢個軍頭份人係幾咁㒼塞
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喺名人效應下53Please respect copyright.PENANADmbIzEzuzR
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金雞納樹皮就成為醫瘧疾嘅黃金標準喇53Please respect copyright.PENANARenFloskXV
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法國記念發現奎寧150周年郵票53Please respect copyright.PENANAE26PAHPjU5
如果嗰時有諾貝爾獎嘅話佢地肯定攞獎
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一路以嚟佢地喺熱帶尤其係非洲嘅殖民地53Please respect copyright.PENANA88Nb7zsUMR
都深受瘧疾所困擾53Please respect copyright.PENANAj239uvh8ah
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英國喺西非嘅殖民地塞拉利昂53Please respect copyright.PENANAWbMkq3UIyN
每1000名英軍就有成486人死亡53Please respect copyright.PENANAM8p845LK1f
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英國同荷蘭成功從獨立後囤積居奇嘅秘魯53Please respect copyright.PENANAJsWq9dg2Qs偷移植金雞納樹苗到印度同爪哇嘅種植園53Please respect copyright.PENANAOyc5w8cKfv
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西非各國
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啲士兵根本冇食到每日配給嗰啲藥53Please respect copyright.PENANAutSJwFsMkh
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就唔同咁講喇53Please respect copyright.PENANAL1EwvKoOGO
要班盲字都唔識多隻嘅大兵53Please respect copyright.PENANAdzy2LIPqoA
每日食啲苦到可以當催吐劑嘅藥粉53Please respect copyright.PENANA6ZxtzVWON7
去“預防”一種佢地未經歷過嘅疾病53Please respect copyright.PENANAEWjZjTbScb
服從性有幾高可想而知53Please respect copyright.PENANAg3zSgNS2cx
雖然中咗瘧疾都會有藥醫53Please respect copyright.PENANA3fabOou7bP
不過成個殖民地枕住有一堆士兵臥病在床嘅話53Please respect copyright.PENANAzD2LDiB91u
咁對本身已經好甘嘅殖民地維護開支嚟講53Please respect copyright.PENANAipN4Ab1iie
無疑係甘上加甘53Please respect copyright.PENANAqYldlhUo0n
要知道各國喺瘧疾預防上可謂大灑金錢53Please respect copyright.PENANAKb58J1EUzs
例如英國每年就使咗超過£60,00053Please respect copyright.PENANAL8PpPlqoUc
即係折合現時大概七千幾萬港紙喺預防性奎寧配給度53Please respect copyright.PENANAYFFq1FL16e
錢就使咗效果又冇53Please respect copyright.PENANA3vqAwN9I15
咁點搞?53Please respect copyright.PENANARXmQokhoGi
“嗚...條女冇咗lu...”53Please respect copyright.PENANAMu9ASH8HEN
法國“勸喻”殖民地士兵每日服用奎寧嘅海報
英國人喺印度搵到答案53Please respect copyright.PENANAt0vRXw8KYo
作為糖嘅發源地53Please respect copyright.PENANAtRSJCdvJJT
印度人用糖嘅程度超乎常人想像53Please respect copyright.PENANAASoIoI7bEE
(食過印度甜品都會知點解)
喺1850年左右53Please respect copyright.PENANA697qhwgBOx
英國東印度公司駐孟買嘅軍官53Please respect copyright.PENANAjoq9iw18aQ
開始流行一種服用奎寧嘅方法:53Please respect copyright.PENANAYjKuKg3OjR
佢地將每日配給到嘅奎寧53Please respect copyright.PENANAQ1dc8qz8CA
溶入高濃度糖水53Please respect copyright.PENANADGqqDpDb0I
再加啲檸檬汁同檸檬皮53Please respect copyright.PENANAzfBumGnUH1
製成風味獨特嘅奎寧糖漿53Please respect copyright.PENANAlS93p425Zf
將呢啲糖漿稀釋成合適嘅甜度53Please respect copyright.PENANAuVdygLjhAD
就成為現今湯力水(Tonic water)嘅雛形喇53Please respect copyright.PENANAMGeBzSh8IK
啲軍官再進一步53Please respect copyright.PENANAxsFCabgi1t
用呢啲湯力水勾兌當時平到可以當水飲嘅氈酒53Please respect copyright.PENANASYFWCZ0Klm
一款苦中帶甜、清新爽口嘅雞尾酒就誕生喇
53Please respect copyright.PENANAP4haKPKFba
用氈酒嚟溝湯力水可以話係神來之筆53Please respect copyright.PENANAFEDZB5Kevt
法國人曾經試過用紅酒53Please respect copyright.PENANAkHOFW3IWVL
不過溝出嚟嘅味道好怪53Please respect copyright.PENANAYtVfzZkZzt
只係似加咗糖而帶強烈苦澀味嘅藥水53Please respect copyright.PENANA5fHA2UHBSd
味道完全唔融和53Please respect copyright.PENANAWU9F8i8N4k
而平價嘅氈酒出奇地掩蓋到奎寧嘅苦味53Please respect copyright.PENANAvK0mzAIs8h
後來研究發現53Please respect copyright.PENANAzCw1WS5h8k
原來係氈酒入面杜松子嘅成份53Please respect copyright.PENANArOombwFTNn
同奎寧結合成聚合體53Please respect copyright.PENANAa4PcjOHUHe
大幅改變奎寧嘅味道53Please respect copyright.PENANAbLe8vgIrOE
呢個偶然嘅發現53Please respect copyright.PENANACaURbluXFX
都可以當做呢篇非洲血淚史嘅一個小小嘅註腳嘅
呢款充滿異國風情、被稱為“Gin & Tonic”嘅雞尾酒即時大受歡迎53Please respect copyright.PENANAXnGFo044nW
佢嘅配方通過水手同退役歸國嘅官兵53Please respect copyright.PENANAquF4XOwwJJ
傳遍各殖民地以至歐陸各國嘅酒吧53Please respect copyright.PENANAHzSP3C6Kdk
一時間奎寧就由難以下嚥嘅苦藥53Please respect copyright.PENANAr4fOoF9w59
變成社交場合必備嘅飲品53Please respect copyright.PENANApOgNcz1Mrf
湯力水受歡迎嘅程度53Please respect copyright.PENANAw5gMpH34Q8
甚至開始有公司改良同製作商業產品53Please respect copyright.PENANAy6N0FeHnJd
好似發明樽裝梳打水嘅Schweppes(玉泉)53Please respect copyright.PENANAa12abseWAS
就喺1870年將奎寧糖漿加入樽裝梳打水53Please respect copyright.PENANAtfpD69fsHA
成為方便攜帶飲用嘅有汽湯力水53Please respect copyright.PENANA2pp4BzxrmE
唔同時期嘅Schweppes湯力水樽
奎寧的確拯救咗好多英國以至歐洲人嘅命53Please respect copyright.PENANAGs9XnbSC36
例如喺1875年53Please respect copyright.PENANA2VitBoQsNu
英軍喺塞拉利昂嘅死亡率53Please respect copyright.PENANAVkAdqT2d84
已經跌到去1.5%53Please respect copyright.PENANAc8aLaiaren
不過正所謂每個銀仔都有兩面53Please respect copyright.PENANAWqs7DBtxSV
下集會講吓53Please respect copyright.PENANAyJgdBXF8ln
呢隻邱吉爾口中所講救人無數嘅聖藥53Please respect copyright.PENANAET69800s3d
係點樣改寫無數非洲人嘅命運53Please respect copyright.PENANAoqIirBGvLy53Please respect copyright.PENANAsfofVLkXOv