
今集講講呢隻來自南美、名叫奎寧嘅蝴蝶26Please respect copyright.PENANAAEXo0REElz
係點樣喺非洲引發一場持續百年嘅風暴26Please respect copyright.PENANA6pcagxh6GS
當初歐洲佬唔係笨撚柒26Please respect copyright.PENANA4wcM9YRmnE
佢地當然知道直接殖民非洲26Please respect copyright.PENANACHdBHPMGOk
係可以減省好多運輸奴隸嘅開支啦26Please respect copyright.PENANAg9xqCDMokx
事實上佢地一早就佔領晒非洲外圍嘅群島26Please respect copyright.PENANA07C3LfK6Tc
並喺嗰度利用黑奴建立起一個個嘅種植園26Please respect copyright.PENANAbdkuaUpZ1C
規模仲相當之大26Please respect copyright.PENANAUhfnZt9HJt
好似葡萄牙喺畿內亞灣嘅聖多美普林西比26Please respect copyright.PENANAzXYTGzXlr8
喺16世紀就曾經係世上最大嘅產糖地26Please respect copyright.PENANA9Wpd8rDsi0
(以重量計喺嗰時蔗糖同黃金係等值)26Please respect copyright.PENANAUeY6vYEIVB
聖多美普林西比(São Tomé and Príncipe)
不過同呢啲渺無人煙嘅外島相比26Please respect copyright.PENANAyYfzLljha1
非洲內陸就完全係另一回事喇26Please respect copyright.PENANAeTTplBN43x
對白人嚟講26Please respect copyright.PENANAfLigoXXizF
撒哈拉沙漠以南嘅叢林地帶26Please respect copyright.PENANAT8TYZLDdKM
自古以來就係九死一生嘅毒龍潭26Please respect copyright.PENANAKoVVBBhxZX呢片被稱為“黑非洲”嘅雨林26Please respect copyright.PENANAxiPBRdnmv2
古時就已經被認為係不可逾越嘅蠻荒之地26Please respect copyright.PENANAWrPehUqiba
古希臘歷史學家希羅多德就曾經記載26Please respect copyright.PENANAiXU6KKleBu
喺公元前530年26Please respect copyright.PENANAtZNdC65wPd
當時地上最強、啱啱征服咗埃及嘅波斯王岡比西斯二世26Please respect copyright.PENANAGRjHtb6Xj5
佢派去探索呢個世界盡頭嘅遠征軍26Please respect copyright.PENANAAS9Q5TghKs
仗都未打就喺征途死咗一半人被迫折返26Please respect copyright.PENANAHOGFw969wO
另外古羅馬曾經4次派遠征軍橫越撒哈拉26Please respect copyright.PENANArjJi9WP1l5
最後都係冇辦法穿越呢片浩瀚無垠嘅密林26Please respect copyright.PENANAhOeO5UNMjr
派入去偵察嘅斥候全部都有去冇回26Please respect copyright.PENANAgdSF4jNcmZ
原因就係以瘧疾為首嘅各種熱帶疾病26Please respect copyright.PENANAQvwL6BktZP
希羅多德喺佢本《歷史》所描述嘅世界26Please respect copyright.PENANA6wD3xgMdic
要留意撒哈拉沙漠以南嗰個(Æthiopes)唔係而家嗰個埃塞俄比亞26Please respect copyright.PENANAA2YQbflAK8
呢個字古希臘文解“燒燶咗塊面”26Please respect copyright.PENANAigBY4khMhk
係指撒哈拉沙漠以南嘅非洲26Please respect copyright.PENANAKyoqOs2OGt
古希臘啲仆街仔諗嘢都真係幾撚地獄26Please respect copyright.PENANAWlNshjEsfF羅馬嗰4次遠征路線圖26Please respect copyright.PENANAd9sQFN0Sks
雖然最後都係探索唔到非洲內陸嘅情況26Please respect copyright.PENANArQNosidIGS
不過呢幾次都為日後橫撒哈拉貿易奠定基礎26Please respect copyright.PENANAvhZ4sYaSAQ
成就出之後風光一時嘅土著貿易王國26Please respect copyright.PENANAFGhQRm6r8i一度興盛嘅橫撒哈拉貿易王國26Please respect copyright.PENANAFwxDlOZjz0
其中以Mansa Musa呢位一路去麥加朝聖26Please respect copyright.PENANARd3JhGlA1q
一路派金粒26Please respect copyright.PENANAqJsrYkAQuE
派到引發沿途地區嚴重通貨膨脹嘅馬里國王最為著名26Please respect copyright.PENANAKZO3UwdHNE
不過呢啲財雄勢大嘅駱駝商旅26Please respect copyright.PENANAq6R2HHQqY8
最後都係畀大航海時代帶嚟嘅海洋貿易所取代
呢啲病對歐洲人嚟講係魔咒26Please respect copyright.PENANAtWH1TtQ1VT
但係對世居於呢片密林嘅黑鬼嚟講呢26Please respect copyright.PENANAZ2BKeJGtmu
就係護身符喇26Please respect copyright.PENANAh2iFZwq38Z
(有興趣嘅小朋友可以搵吓地中海貧血症、蠶豆症同瘧疾嘅關係)26Please respect copyright.PENANASnfo8G7So4
正因為咁26Please respect copyright.PENANADjK0KyG9cM
歐洲人對非洲內陸26Please respect copyright.PENANA9KkZ08qSVM
尤其係中非剛果盆地26Please respect copyright.PENANAK1UexUBjuB
係一無所知26Please respect copyright.PENANAjfBV2rpt7o
一路以嚟所有嘗試深入剛果河流域嘅探險26Please respect copyright.PENANAL1raUw7oxg
都係以災難收場26Please respect copyright.PENANAMKwAOuyIsJ
好似喺1542年26Please respect copyright.PENANA8uS8UqYc26
第一個發現剛果河口嘅歐洲人26Please respect copyright.PENANAlCKkuhuLNg
葡萄牙航海家Diogo Cão26Please respect copyright.PENANAQ37kYuik9p
就係喺試圖探索內陸時病死喺河邊26Please respect copyright.PENANAzVi9GBe3JU
對嗰時嘅歐洲人嚟講26Please respect copyright.PENANAQmKXJtiohq
佔領非洲本土代價實在太大26Please respect copyright.PENANAfGC2Os6gOn
與其嘥人力物力喺非洲內陸建立殖民地26Please respect copyright.PENANAtzP3vYksAj
不如同啲土著王國做貿易好過26Please respect copyright.PENANAbc96pVN2g2
以葡萄牙為例26Please respect copyright.PENANAd4yhGkPISY
喺見識過剛果雨林嘅殘酷同當地巴剛果王國嘅強大後26Please respect copyright.PENANAu5axHgOUqp
葡萄牙就決定喺剛果河口南岸較為乾燥嘅草原26Please respect copyright.PENANAiw1wJruelU
建立貿易站26Please respect copyright.PENANAewy0PWVyp3
以教育、宗教同鎗炮26Please respect copyright.PENANAU5WkjI6P1L
嚟同呢個土著王國換取戰俘作奴隸喇26Please respect copyright.PENANAGLp8QLJQgF
剛果河南岸嘅葡屬安哥拉
剛果國王阿方索一世喺1517年6月8號寫畀葡萄牙國王曼紐一世嘅信26Please respect copyright.PENANAd9KkbRwgUu
向佢呢位主內弟兄請求提供教會禮儀器具26Please respect copyright.PENANAKXlNCFomHf
(以面積計剛果王國係當時世上最大嘅大公教國家)
去到近代26Please respect copyright.PENANAd5xyywukA0
就算係船堅炮利嘅英國佬26Please respect copyright.PENANAA3YePAd3uQ
情況都唔好得幾多26Please respect copyright.PENANAqyjBVrtFdu
好似喺1816年有個叫James Tuckey嘅英國海軍上校26Please respect copyright.PENANADi5Incv5Wu
組織咗隊探險隊尋找剛果河源頭26Please respect copyright.PENANAW8PauWHfm8
結果由河口上溯唔夠100公里26Please respect copyright.PENANA0QubyrsL0d
54個隊員入面就病死咗21個26Please respect copyright.PENANAkjyH3kuW2g
包括佢自己26Please respect copyright.PENANANJNgxAY38U
所以直至19世紀中葉26Please respect copyright.PENANAiuQtYYYXq4
中南非洲仍然係呢個地理大發現時代入面最大嘅迷團26Please respect copyright.PENANAIKncgsowKr
Tuckey上校用生命所畫嘅剛果河口地型圖
1850年非洲地圖26Please respect copyright.PENANAq3nJFNQZ5t
留意番中間橙黃色個“ETHIOPIA”唔係而家嗰個26Please respect copyright.PENANAEKSuX8KvuO
呢度借用嚟標示非洲中部呢大片未探索之地26Please respect copyright.PENANAId6tpYRCF1
(嗰時埃塞俄比亞個英文名係Abyssinia, 由阿拉伯文翻譯過嚟)26Please respect copyright.PENANAEJLhLrYOI7
不過奎寧普及後情況就唔同晒喇26Please respect copyright.PENANAomOBjUC568
歐洲人喺非洲嘅生存率得以大大提升26Please respect copyright.PENANAVa1bqBASAo
隨住人命成本降低26Please respect copyright.PENANAehs1QLC4Bk
探索非洲雨林嘅門檻26Please respect copyright.PENANAxYoYBBXrXU
已經下降到可以接受嘅水平26Please respect copyright.PENANAt5QaITjBeC
喺1850年代開始26Please respect copyright.PENANAlbRR45uHXH
歐美各國政府、地理學會以至私人企業26Please respect copyright.PENANA6Ne7AMfkCX
紛紛組織探險隊26Please respect copyright.PENANA9gTCblUuGG
務求搶先其他人一步26Please respect copyright.PENANAXSL0gk9ZLV
尋找失落喺中非密林嘅嗰幾塊拼圖26Please respect copyright.PENANANO5p55PJ24
其中最積極嘅26Please respect copyright.PENANAi5bZheAbq0
就係正處於維多利亞時期嘅英國喇26Please respect copyright.PENANAf7nQHPd2yx當時所缺嗰幾塊拼圖26Please respect copyright.PENANAsidetBycnU
分別係:26Please respect copyright.PENANA0peuW4yVH7
1.尼羅河源頭26Please respect copyright.PENANAGm8y86Ttyp
2.傳說中浩瀚如海嘅中非淡水湖26Please respect copyright.PENANA858jDT5wuk
3.剛果盆地26Please respect copyright.PENANAcjplDViKB9
跟住落嚟嗰卅幾年26Please respect copyright.PENANA3NkAV5igA0
喺一個阿拉伯奴隸主嘅協助下26Please respect copyright.PENANAPagysJDxLT
憑住五個英國佬、一個斯拉夫白女奴以及無數黑奴轎夫嘅努力同犧牲26Please respect copyright.PENANA6oK57b4rlG
掩蓋中非嘅嗰片戰爭迷霧逐漸消退26Please respect copyright.PENANAm56JsYeg5H
《大航海時代》最終DLC《瓜分非洲》終於上線喇26Please respect copyright.PENANAf5EFj5RjxH
1880年代非洲地圖26Please respect copyright.PENANARHbLb8atte
對比番1850年嗰幅地圖26Please respect copyright.PENANA2CkmtcRqjr
尼羅河同剛果河流域基本上已經被探索26Please respect copyright.PENANArnPQZyyrf1
再唔係被標示為“ETHIOPIA”喇
呢卅幾年嘅中非探險歷史26Please respect copyright.PENANAAmmlJ7fTNZ
所牽涉嘅人同佢地之間嘅恩怨情仇26Please respect copyright.PENANA4yDoeX4Dgw
的確相當引人入勝──26Please respect copyright.PENANA5pEIkOHRwT
一個借探險之名研究各地性愛風俗嘅性書大亨26Please respect copyright.PENANA1z7tpgTosS
一個因個人臆測而引發後世幾場大屠殺嘅軍佬26Please respect copyright.PENANAhlPNqFSQli
一個濟世為懷但又志大才疏嘅醫生/傳教士26Please respect copyright.PENANAxpfEanOOmf
一個為名利而不擇手段、甘願為惡龍做事嘅記者26Please respect copyright.PENANAZozalC6RD0
一個喺巴爾幹同鄂圖曼總督爭女嘅二世祖26Please respect copyright.PENANAEmPe1uPaBd
同一個持家賢慧但又驍勇凶悍嘅白女奴26Please respect copyright.PENANAHb0XVXZ7oT
仲有一個喺暗中操縱一切、憑藉探險熱潮乘勢而起但又被一切反噬嘅阿拉伯奴隸主26Please respect copyright.PENANAJvMzQ7Z2NG
──用呢啲性格鮮明、經歷獨特嘅歷史人物寫嘅故事26Please respect copyright.PENANA5oo6wIZ7C4
我諗都會相當有趣26Please respect copyright.PENANAfGCDAq8Odc
不過礙於篇幅所限26Please respect copyright.PENANAaJKxhGiGnG
我就唔喺度一一展開喇26Please respect copyright.PENANAWtxHsdG2CK
(除咗講盧旺達大屠殺嗰陣會提一提嗰個性書大亨同個軍佬)26Please respect copyright.PENANAQvDv7KgOyd
可能或者有機會第日得閒開多篇嚟講吓啦吓
喺講啲列強點樣喺非洲玩到high翻天之前26Please respect copyright.PENANA4qbbHfTXxZ
首先要講講佢地瓜分非洲嘅誘因26Please respect copyright.PENANATwRIDPsyAP
一切要由一場股災講起26Please respect copyright.PENANAxDfrE8H0VK
而家就睇吓呢日發生咗啲咩事26Please respect copyright.PENANARN59SHAaU5
搞到丁生咁好興致一家人齊齊整整上天台睇日落26Please respect copyright.PENANAHdNUqM8KIl
1873年5月9號星期五朝早26Please respect copyright.PENANASJCGbcjs9a
維也納有個叫Adolf Petschek嘅猶太佬26Please respect copyright.PENANA8Uzs1ja1Qa
向法院申請將佢間公司破產26Please respect copyright.PENANAPEGfobDG1a
呢條友並唔係普通嘅阿茂阿壽26Please respect copyright.PENANA8jZKeN8Qg6
佢檔嘢係當時奧匈帝國以至整個中歐最大嘅證券商26Please respect copyright.PENANACvS9W14Kej
一間咁有影響力嘅企業破產26Please respect copyright.PENANAFWRsGmZ7uq
必然會引起市場動盪26Please respect copyright.PENANAukhfBt3oxm
於是維也納交易所決定暫時休市26Please respect copyright.PENANAvWfMR40mn4
咁就仆街喇26Please respect copyright.PENANAi6CQOLN6BP
喺嗰個資訊唔流通嘅年代26Please respect copyright.PENANAt8wZdloW93
停市嘅原因係冇辦法即時通知市場上所有參與者26Please respect copyright.PENANAmv7WKqPK7d
一時間謠言滿天飛26Please respect copyright.PENANA8gCa4UYjkb
人喺恐慌下26Please respect copyright.PENANAYq2NPLp9oY
最正路嘅做法26Please respect copyright.PENANAfxFD49bv8E
就係一有機會就攞cash旁身26Please respect copyright.PENANAO0FGAtST42
所以當中午一復市時26Please respect copyright.PENANASmkUHOFn1c
所有人都湧去交易所26Please respect copyright.PENANAaZwtkMjuKm
務求以最快速度賣晒啲股票套現26Please respect copyright.PENANAxTiEh0jzqq
同時冇買股票又聽到消息嘅人26Please respect copyright.PENANATiKqhLL89c
都湧去銀行提走所有現金做成擠提26Please respect copyright.PENANA00RRWdo1WW
一時間市場所有流動性枯竭26Please respect copyright.PENANAMRXsPapNLO
結果就連本身同Adolf間公司冇乜啦㨢嘅銀行同企業26Please respect copyright.PENANALMoKzHRKoh
都因為資不抵債而債務違約26Please respect copyright.PENANAyAqO4YwHCV
維也納交易所喺前一日都仲有141間銀行掛牌26Please respect copyright.PENANAVfeODwtHXs
到咗呢日下晝1點提早收市時26Please respect copyright.PENANA8CEWnaMYV3
就只剩低廿間左右26Please respect copyright.PENANAEVPojXIMKv
整體市值直接斬半26Please respect copyright.PENANAN1l0Bb4FdP
維也納股票市場喺呢日全面崩潰26Please respect copyright.PENANAvDZ14uj651
而向隅者只好喺已經閂咗門嘅交易所前同警察跳番part舞啦26Please respect copyright.PENANAbF2QHkJ1KG
可能你會諗“崩潰我有經驗~輸清光我未發癲”26Please respect copyright.PENANAe41CHW9Yn7
股災又有咩好怕喎希望在明天吖嘛26Please respect copyright.PENANAy3G8Sm0yR4
係嘅26Please respect copyright.PENANAoVrRce0p0c
呢啲金融風暴、金融海嘯真係同上帝一樣自有永有26Please respect copyright.PENANA1iStIxEy8J
咩鬱金香狂熱呀南海公司泡沫呀密西西比事件呀咁26Please respect copyright.PENANABzjpn6lzlC
啲泡沫吹爆完一個後26Please respect copyright.PENANAFaFAC64yhe
隔一輪又吹脹另一個26Please respect copyright.PENANAXcwFH7x2mt
就算喺嗰個年代都已經唔係啲咩稀奇嘅事26Please respect copyright.PENANAaczqXN6EKS
不過今次有啲唔同26Please respect copyright.PENANAXvr5bnSZWS
隨住電報嘅普及26Please respect copyright.PENANAt7kvLLjBDH
唔同國家資本市場嘅距離變得越嚟越近26Please respect copyright.PENANAINYtXoEKgA
而家就睇吓全球化26Please respect copyright.PENANAw8f9wR7Ec8
係點樣令呢次喺中歐嘅股災26Please respect copyright.PENANABEKEw63GTb
演變成整個歐美世界嘅經濟災難26Please respect copyright.PENANA5N5PC8zWjL首先講吓個時代背景先26Please respect copyright.PENANAnPgJFr6j7E
嗰時正值普法戰爭後德意志帝國建國初期26Please respect copyright.PENANADN3fGaaFPN
法國因為法蘭克福條約而要賠款50億法朗畀德國26Please respect copyright.PENANAQzDwxdTTsk
德國政府就用呢啲錢嚟贖回之前發行嘅戰爭債券26Please respect copyright.PENANA7YHgWUAPTP
咁導致大量熱錢流入德國金融體系26Please respect copyright.PENANA0AWB63zJ63
本身債券持有者急需為呢啲資金搵出路26Please respect copyright.PENANAdKcvz8OwjC
德國隔離嘅奧匈帝國睇中呢點26Please respect copyright.PENANATfPoPboX76
就大幅放寬金融市場嘅監管26Please respect copyright.PENANARbas7Yky2S
於是各色各樣嘅金融公司就如雨後春筍26Please respect copyright.PENANAmDa9PctQhJ
以各種名目去發行股票同債券集資26Please respect copyright.PENANAXP3yanpc0G
好似投資匈牙利嘅小麥農場呀26Please respect copyright.PENANAE7QbP3hS7H
或者連接維也納至布達佩斯嘅鐵路呀26Please respect copyright.PENANAcO4pfvtQ7k
甚至係啲只存在喺紙上嘅地產項目呀咁26Please respect copyright.PENANAJR4R5SX6wz
咁好似上面咁講26Please respect copyright.PENANAdFArmKN8zZ
資本世界入面嘅國界26Please respect copyright.PENANAEgY1qG1GpI
隨住通訊技術嘅改進而變得越嚟越模糊26Please respect copyright.PENANAEUqA5VGhlP
作為當時生產力最強、資本最充裕嘅英國佬26Please respect copyright.PENANAa5SxIyIz6X
當然就唔會執輸叉隻腳埋嚟啦26Please respect copyright.PENANA6OZBX5chIc
喺呢啲熱錢嘅炒作吓26Please respect copyright.PENANAmbCoaQ2AOa
維也納股市暴漲26Please respect copyright.PENANACRvdUohfyX
喺1873年26Please respect copyright.PENANAJmeUPFTIAj
呢個吹波波遊戲終於到達高潮喇
喺呢年維也納舉辦世界博覽會26Please respect copyright.PENANAhGW3LRoK21
作為皇帝法蘭茲約瑟夫一世登基25周年26Please respect copyright.PENANANPxdX6pGwx
兼向世界展現奧匈已經喺奧普戰爭戰敗中復原嘅慶祝活動26Please respect copyright.PENANA2mr7EohInJ
呢次全球矚目嘅盛事可謂不容有失26Please respect copyright.PENANA0sgi6kNiYE
自1870年贏得主辦權後26Please respect copyright.PENANA6Old89kyfZ
維也納到處都大興土木26Please respect copyright.PENANAxgj6JqTs1x
地產項目變得相當興盛26Please respect copyright.PENANATjkKP3bhbt
啲熱錢梗係唔會放過咁好嘅炒作理由啦26Please respect copyright.PENANAqHa4cXwd3S
更多嘅資本引致更高嘅升幅26Please respect copyright.PENANA5eOrHeTImm
而更高嘅升幅就吸引更多嘅資本26Please respect copyright.PENANAEF9K4Wmn39
喺1873年頭到開幕前呢4個月間26Please respect copyright.PENANAcrVwmUHb14
維也納股市升咗一倍26Please respect copyright.PENANAf1RH17FuU2
啲奧地利佬就嚟可以喺博覽會上表演左腳踏右腳上太空喇26Please respect copyright.PENANAgKbYxF4y3y
1873年維也納世博主場館Rotunda26Please respect copyright.PENANAA00Qt1YWBY
就咁睇相都覺得相當宏偉26Please respect copyright.PENANAQTnybpLGgn不過可惜喺1937年一場大火中燒毀吖26Please respect copyright.PENANA2XPx0x6hsh
唔係嘅話而家應該係遊客必到嘅景點
當然最後佢地冇上到太空啦26Please respect copyright.PENANAc2uSuOSxFw
仲拖埋全世界落地獄㖭26Please respect copyright.PENANAF2I1tnbmqy
喺5月1號籌備已久嘅世界博覽會開幕26Please respect copyright.PENANA9LxO3MMafI
奧皇到場發表演說兼攞威26Please respect copyright.PENANAalv6t3lpNv
不過喺同一時間26Please respect copyright.PENANAEwUNOWKPHg
當時奧匈最大嘅銀行奧地利信貸突然將股票戶口清空26Please respect copyright.PENANAnkBJiy5zxw
因為佢地判斷當世博開幕嘅一刻26Please respect copyright.PENANAwaZ8TQQsHM
就係音樂停止嘅時候喇26Please respect copyright.PENANAUggnr4Dxd6
而家睇番呢個根本係自我實現嘅預言26Please respect copyright.PENANAEhiDEHrQTL
因為咁做就會即時抽緊啲證券商嘅銀根26Please respect copyright.PENANA2eywUERkFY
作為最大嘅證券商26Please respect copyright.PENANAiXpT4aPLJc
Adolf喺玩咗幾日兩個蓋冚十個煲後26Please respect copyright.PENANAsjOKYBqJpA
終於頂唔順爆煲26Please respect copyright.PENANAS9kCYpEBpz
同時以英國資本為首嘅國際大孖沙26Please respect copyright.PENANAL2IJG2XbOB
都畀呢次突如其來嘅股災殺個措手不及損手爛腳26Please respect copyright.PENANAtr8zsnLHEP
為防自身資金鏈斷裂26Please respect copyright.PENANAljlucjybrb
佢地都開始喺歐美各主要市場減持甚至清倉26Please respect copyright.PENANAOGA9JKyNyA
以增加自己嘅頭寸26Please respect copyright.PENANA2RXl4Drhn2
咁導致各大資本市場嘅銀根進一步收縮26Please respect copyright.PENANAPusMpyzJ1Q
股價暴跌銀行擠提企業破產26Please respect copyright.PENANAKU7w2j2NWr
就好似骨牌一樣26Please respect copyright.PENANAPh1O9v115n
以維也納為中心向全球擴散26Please respect copyright.PENANAjoVuUPGzG1
法蘭克福、巴黎、阿姆斯特丹、倫敦……26Please respect copyright.PENANAPQFGhVtHMn
各地股市債市相繼崩潰26Please respect copyright.PENANAMC69GCy5t8
甚至遠至紐約都受到波及26Please respect copyright.PENANAnuRq1JbTXQ9月18號美國最大嘅鐵路融資銀行Jay Cooke & Co26Please respect copyright.PENANAijgQQ5B1OI
因為冇晒歐洲買家買佢啲債券26Please respect copyright.PENANAfqOpp7ssGa
還唔到一筆政府借貸而債務違約清盤26Please respect copyright.PENANAVicWnV340p
啲人見到咁大間銀行都搞唔掂26Please respect copyright.PENANANsmjjhlqjD
都紛紛湧去各銀行提走所有錢26Please respect copyright.PENANAor0jyIfdIF
兩日內有廿間銀行接連因擠提而破產26Please respect copyright.PENANAbfRUcxjqOW
紐約交易所喺20號破天荒宣布停市10日26Please respect copyright.PENANAlewx3LfDR9
咁自然就帶嚟更大嘅恐慌更嚴重嘅擠提啦26Please respect copyright.PENANAqYm8G8Go1z
喺跟住嗰一年26Please respect copyright.PENANAek40x1oRgp
呢啲金融機構清盤所引發嘅連鎖反應26Please respect copyright.PENANAp7P17HQyiA
令全美國超過100間銀行同鐵路企業倒閉...26Please respect copyright.PENANAgC1g7dOxSA
…相信經歷過2008年金融海嘯嘅小朋友26Please respect copyright.PENANAvXAU6gWZQH
都會覺得有啲似曾相識26Please respect copyright.PENANABvcWdq7ncs
冇錯26Please respect copyright.PENANA5dBbA487lU
呢次被後世史學家稱為“1873年恐慌 ”嘅經濟災難26Please respect copyright.PENANAlxAhcNOlgv
就係人類史上第一次因個別企業爆煲而引發嘅全球流動性危機26Please respect copyright.PENANAnvRNKnvAoe
1873年5月9號朝早26Please respect copyright.PENANAA06M9Ulr2v
就係嗰個年代嘅「雷曼時刻」喇26Please respect copyright.PENANASu73XGDM81
咁啱得咁橋26Please respect copyright.PENANAysWIzEK2ul
呢對猶太兄弟同佢地個阿哥所創立嗰間雜貨舖兼投資銀行26Please respect copyright.PENANAAXSRBttUb9
喺呢次災難前察覺到鐵路同房地產市場嘅泡沫26Please respect copyright.PENANAX4Lvf1f3cj
而專注做番農業融資得以避過一劫之餘26Please respect copyright.PENANA1SgAWhRAyW
再踩住佢啲同行條屍壯大26Please respect copyright.PENANA1aYUJqROj2
有咁嘅市場觸覺26Please respect copyright.PENANAetYCuHl72c
他朝必定可以叱吒風雲主宰全球金融26Please respect copyright.PENANAO7oU67pMpi…吖一時唔醒起佢地姓安信定華納定咩㖭
呢次災難嘅後遺症有好多26Please respect copyright.PENANAN5XHz5Ywki
例如因為銀根緊繃息率急升26Please respect copyright.PENANARJBXaGRywQ
令各行各業借貸成本暴漲26Please respect copyright.PENANAMf5vPYYk9y
從而令大量民生企業倒閉失業率飆升26Please respect copyright.PENANAKyb48CMM0y
引發歐美地區長達廿年嘅「長期蕭條」26Please respect copyright.PENANA7iboLp1d5y
(本來1873年呢次係叫「大蕭條」嘅直至畀1929年嗰次搶咗個名)又例如猶太人被德語報章描繪成貪婪嘅吸血鬼26Please respect copyright.PENANAUTBdnnY9TN
利用各種虛假嘅投資項目同高利貸26Please respect copyright.PENANAG7Y7A6XTBK
榨取勤勞善良嘅工人辛苦勞動得嚟嘅血汗錢26Please respect copyright.PENANAcGZvrB5QCu
從而引發德語地區新一輪嘅反猶太運動26Please respect copyright.PENANAwm949sZisA
為日後希哥嘅「最終解決方案」奠定基礎等等26Please respect copyright.PENANAXEF5XWpNGY不過呢啲都唔係今集要講嘅嘢26Please respect copyright.PENANAFk1Nm3ONwT
呢度我想講講呢次流動性危機26Please respect copyright.PENANAcKqnOtKOAB
係點樣誘使歐洲人去瓜分非洲
要知道喺嗰個金/銀本位嘅年代26Please respect copyright.PENANAzi59St6Tfc
錢唔係話憑一句“In aircraft carrier god we trust”就印到出嚟26Please respect copyright.PENANAPWK2ZKVSj6
而一個國家有幾多錢26Please respect copyright.PENANA6IfECRE0oW
就視乎佢嘅貿易順差有幾大喇26Please respect copyright.PENANAo7nr65Lffy
最完美嘅情況26Please respect copyright.PENANAIv1W8wiyKp
就係你有足夠多足夠平嘅商品之餘26Please respect copyright.PENANAtSSURQpkun
同時又冇需要進口其他國家嘅產品26Please respect copyright.PENANAgY6vDrGXo6
當時英國呢個日不落帝國26Please respect copyright.PENANAtdf3aEml5e
就相當接近呢個情況喇26Please respect copyright.PENANAOxNTzBKIzg
喺漫長而又和平嘅19世紀26Please respect copyright.PENANAwcKVHqieZw
英國憑藉強大嘅工業力量26Please respect copyright.PENANAjkOCSENDbT
支撐住絕對優勢嘅海軍26Please respect copyright.PENANA2KCxRRX5Uu
喺世界各地建立起一個又一個嘅殖民地26Please respect copyright.PENANAeznT1E8oX7
再由呢啲殖民地獲取各種廉價嘅工業原材料26Please respect copyright.PENANAdmNTWy8KDc
令自己嘅產品喺世界市場上得到無可比擬嘅成本優勢26Please respect copyright.PENANASOCVVZB3AP
賺取更多嘅外匯26Please respect copyright.PENANAFtySilOkZE
從而建造更多更強嘅戰艦去霸佔更多嘅殖民地26Please respect copyright.PENANAChLJMOIYTD
形成牢不可破嘅正循環26Please respect copyright.PENANAST7CZ8yD8Z
簡單嚟講26Please respect copyright.PENANAZRWXoWiW9l
重商主義嘅精粹26Please respect copyright.PENANAaLCBEN1dqM
就係要獲取比對手多嘅資源(aka殖民地)喇26Please respect copyright.PENANAwnK0XszsgS
1870年嘅日不落帝國
重商主義
嗰時嘅英國就好似而家嘅美國一樣26Please respect copyright.PENANANKqQ2NftXF
都係全球資本市場最主要嘅資金來源26Please respect copyright.PENANAujWmaklszj
所以當維也納股災引致英國收水時26Please respect copyright.PENANARxu7DBjvnD
全世界資本市場即時缺血26Please respect copyright.PENANAPVWzRSmv2l
各國即時反應就梗係止血啦26Please respect copyright.PENANA03U1a3Zgcs
要止血最直接就加係關稅26Please respect copyright.PENANARw2VtS4IKI
保護主義相繼喺各國抬頭26Please respect copyright.PENANAaUooWWiNWZ
不過對啲冇乜資源嘅國家嚟講26Please respect copyright.PENANApXMbPgN7tp
短期止到血啫26Please respect copyright.PENANA7ZlZQ9Kt8X
長期嘅話一樣營養不良26Please respect copyright.PENANAUr3AKulisM
因為你加得關稅26Please respect copyright.PENANAVaFEt0iOAQ
人地一樣加得26Please respect copyright.PENANATGbc1cXi0w
你要入口工業生產所欠缺嘅原材料26Please respect copyright.PENANAF1dYtwp2IG
所繳交嘅關稅最終都會反映喺價格上26Please respect copyright.PENANAwPxbxyfohO
真係賺幾多都會畀人地啲關稅食晒26Please respect copyright.PENANAN8b2YW5VWB
所以最根本解決流動性危機嘅方法26Please respect copyright.PENANAQSVVkuVgaO
就係奪取更加多嘅殖民地26Please respect copyright.PENANAwtls2gt3U2
而喺嗰時26Please respect copyright.PENANAnS4jhPIMzs
全球仲未畀歐洲勢力劃分嘅地方26Please respect copyright.PENANA4wXfiLhvGn
就只有非洲內陸、太平洋啲山旮旯島嶼同南極洲26Please respect copyright.PENANAc2LVPxR9LZ
加上自1850年代以嚟嘅尼羅河溯源之旅26Please respect copyright.PENANAuXp4kgP8zQ
已經證實咗喺奎寧同格靈鎗嘅幫助下26Please respect copyright.PENANA9MvPsDUj5I
歐洲人係可以征服非洲最可怕嘅密林同土著王國26Please respect copyright.PENANAqDbNsoILpG
喺呢個前提之下26Please respect copyright.PENANAwn6zCWVyQL
《瓜分非洲》呢隻DLC就變得相當吸引26Please respect copyright.PENANA0PsEFV7u51
於是各個舊玩家好似西班牙、葡萄牙、英國、法國26Please respect copyright.PENANAPYKoW3Qr51
以及新玩家好似德國、意大利同某個豆腐膶咁細嘅低地國國王26Please respect copyright.PENANAmcdZqMgtyj
都紛紛組織探險隊同遠征軍26Please respect copyright.PENANAUG0TXtrb5G
務求快過對手一步26Please respect copyright.PENANAQzN7qQVKZn
奪取更多嘅殖民地26Please respect copyright.PENANAaSUOsImsQR
以喺呢個現代經濟模式中佔到先機26Please respect copyright.PENANAnEGYUeBctk面對有足夠健康嘅士兵同格靈機鎗26Please respect copyright.PENANAO9CUTbwHwL
無論係南非草原嘅祖魯戰士26Please respect copyright.PENANANlxMnssYNE
抑或係西非黃金海岸密林嘅阿散蒂叛軍26Please respect copyright.PENANAngMkF18fMi
都喺一陣陣“突突突”聲中化成碎片26Please respect copyright.PENANATeNSGFkF2x
1876年非洲嘅殖民地26Please respect copyright.PENANAYbGwkt5eaL
可以見到除咗法國喺北非嘅阿爾及利亞26Please respect copyright.PENANARLj5Z5evQj
西非嘅塞內加爾26Please respect copyright.PENANA8KSLPK73x6
英國喺南非嘅開普殖民地26Please respect copyright.PENANA8nQHIG1LvK
以及葡萄牙嗰喺東非同西非嗰兩撻有名無實嘅殖民地外26Please respect copyright.PENANAifbIKo20fU
其他嘅都係細到不值一提26Please respect copyright.PENANAggSviThWq6
所有殖民地加埋都只有大約十份之一個非洲26Please respect copyright.PENANAAmiqnsNstJ
相對於同時期歐洲人已經全佔美洲同澳洲26Please respect copyright.PENANAL3rMnjWPwJ
亞洲亦都有一半以上嘅勢力落入歐洲人手中26Please respect copyright.PENANAKAtBzkIbta
殖民非洲的確係緩慢好多26Please respect copyright.PENANAmCX3itaTor
不過情況將會好快改變⋯⋯
26Please respect copyright.PENANAgFwDwgY8Ze
相信各位聰明嘅小朋友都會留意到26Please respect copyright.PENANAQ0OW2vZ2D0
今次金融災難明明美國佬都舐晒嘢㗎喎26Please respect copyright.PENANAIuqDGZjVGp
點解後來佢地又冇玩《瓜分非洲》呢26Please respect copyright.PENANAq4uPQycLSR
(除咗喺西非嗰撻自由黑鬼放養地26Please respect copyright.PENANA6gmmA4H1NX
之後都會講講關於呢班源自非洲嘅外來物種有趣嘅故事)26Please respect copyright.PENANA080VKma4BO
呢樣正正就係美國之所以為「天選之國」嘅原因喇26Please respect copyright.PENANAl4RRkO3hfI
美洲係好柒大好多資源嘅26Please respect copyright.PENANAyQT7MMeYaL
地理上亦都離歐亞大陸好遠26Please respect copyright.PENANAkp1zKm4pTx
與其山長水遠走去非洲同舊世界班老屎忽爭餅食26Please respect copyright.PENANAzWFj7yfYOk
不如留番喺度開發好過26Please respect copyright.PENANACnm1dakr9X
所以美國立國以嚟個發展方向都係向西26Please respect copyright.PENANAMpyj24mNbT
由大西洋一路去到太平洋26Please respect copyright.PENANAYnaVB3jh1A
再將太平洋變成自己個私家泳池26Please respect copyright.PENANAD5idFrHgHv
成就出新一代舉世無雙嘅海洋霸權26Please respect copyright.PENANAdbfuo8wabQ
呢啲就係美國自我實現嘅「昭昭天命」(Manifest Destiny)喇26Please respect copyright.PENANAs73IUYAbhV
哥倫比亞女神右手攞住科學左手拉起電報線26Please respect copyright.PENANAheBdkKDIBj
引領拓荒者將光明由東邊帶往西部26Please respect copyright.PENANAYfqfNKOww8
留意番幅圖左邊啲印第安人係走住屌嘅
不過玩咗幾年啲列強就開始覺得有啲唔對路喇26Please respect copyright.PENANAWXCRd15Tof
係呀面對啲揸住長矛牛皮盾嘅黑鬼26Please respect copyright.PENANAYc20cKxp8k
梗係冇問題啦26Please respect copyright.PENANAuKUfjA9Qr9
不過玩到咁上緊26Please respect copyright.PENANAyGY6fEuEog
實會同其他玩家嘅領地有交接㗎喎26Please respect copyright.PENANA6sS6QMJaUo
嗰度山長水遠到時有咩爭拗衝突都幾麻煩26Please respect copyright.PENANA5YWcZc0Cth
究竟點樣先為之有效佔領擁有咗某個地方呢?26Please respect copyright.PENANALDBEGqWi4g
領地內嘅河流係咪可以獨家使用定要同隔離分享呢?26Please respect copyright.PENANArK5endGMBC
呢啲問題隨住剛果盆地嘅爭議而浮上枱面26Please respect copyright.PENANAuRPUb4UWsB
──1880年法國探險家皮耶・布拉柴搶先一步喺剛果河北岸建立布拉柴維爾26Please respect copyright.PENANAlWC72crr32
當時比利時國王利奧波德二世隻馬仔亨利・史坦利見到唔對路26Please respect copyright.PENANAlqrMg2V5yD
就嗱嗱臨喺對岸起咗個以佢老細嚟命名嘅哨站仔(利奧波德維爾,即係而家嘅金沙薩)26Please respect copyright.PENANALFy4zI8RHo
以阻止法國佬南下26Please respect copyright.PENANApbD9mW5kCf
由此引發咗一連串嘅領土同航行權爭議26Please respect copyright.PENANAYgTfXD4QDd
世上相距最近嘅首都(唔計羅馬同梵蒂岡)26Please respect copyright.PENANAQTQBVsRk5m
直線距離唔夠3公里26Please respect copyright.PENANAvwIqdTZhrG
不過最意想不到嘅26Please respect copyright.PENANA2xkxk2MiTb
係竟然有飛機航班來往呢兩個城市26Please respect copyright.PENANAm1nD9RnIa9
全程唔使5分鐘
歐洲佬對呢啲殖民地領土爭議並唔陌生26Please respect copyright.PENANATh4JFooWiK
其實免得過嘅話佢地都唔想為呢啲殖民地打仗26Please respect copyright.PENANABOhopFqR1F
好似西班牙同葡萄牙簽署嘅《托爾德西里亞斯條約》同《薩拉戈薩條約》26Please respect copyright.PENANATEroalOizg
就令呢兩個世仇唔使為爭奪全球嘅殖民地而大動干戈26Please respect copyright.PENANARksu7ckH04不過今次咁多玩家一齊喺同一個地方玩嘅話26Please respect copyright.PENANAGixRSelhSO
所牽涉利益嘅複雜性26Please respect copyright.PENANAqHKXGX1oF7
就唔係呢啲雙邊條約可以處理到喇26Please respect copyright.PENANAsx8XVdcXuu
佢地急需坐埋一齊研究吓26Please respect copyright.PENANAWtXwT3FbcN
呢隻《瓜分非洲》26Please respect copyright.PENANAsbs6YL9ZjZ
究竟要有啲咩遊戲規則...26Please respect copyright.PENANAoHmxn4q4sp
.26Please respect copyright.PENANArrm6UNazFa
.26Please respect copyright.PENANAfwnPdK44i7
.26Please respect copyright.PENANASAtTodDNCJ
.26Please respect copyright.PENANAh8tTluz337
.26Please respect copyright.PENANAQ3gDAAXF13
.26Please respect copyright.PENANALQPRjYRufA
.26Please respect copyright.PENANANNsADd2wXI
.26Please respect copyright.PENANAxisGwxCIJG
.26Please respect copyright.PENANAoLlwznachH
.26Please respect copyright.PENANAYg9HVyHK2f
.26Please respect copyright.PENANAiwvidJJEqv
.26Please respect copyright.PENANAl8fYkfSbW9
.26Please respect copyright.PENANAC9UnErDqvf
.26Please respect copyright.PENANAI7ycRIrYoe
.26Please respect copyright.PENANA95y8UM1YVA
.26Please respect copyright.PENANARAaA3ohkkj
.26Please respect copyright.PENANABzaEskYMlb
.26Please respect copyright.PENANAltiCBo1zRI
.26Please respect copyright.PENANAMzqJP87nn1
.26Please respect copyright.PENANAonAEMlPKHr
.26Please respect copyright.PENANAnBDyb5VnWS
.26Please respect copyright.PENANAV6J9I3G0pO
.26Please respect copyright.PENANARntINX8he7
.26Please respect copyright.PENANAHqKd6Y1H2Y
.26Please respect copyright.PENANAdInhzuqhRU
.26Please respect copyright.PENANAX8boRgRJwK
.26Please respect copyright.PENANA0Pv16ZWzWc
.26Please respect copyright.PENANAq8iu8Rm2Kn
.26Please respect copyright.PENANAjlzGd4uRRW
.26Please respect copyright.PENANAhsmQmbvAPC
26Please respect copyright.PENANADZvnnoY8BO
…唔使咁急喎26Please respect copyright.PENANAsFfNlTMlGb
食埋件餅先慢慢傾啦26Please respect copyright.PENANAqDZnfsQCdx下一集《柏林盛宴》26Please respect copyright.PENANApCZvpk1lHj
就會講吓呢個喺後世惡名昭彰嘅柏林會議26Please respect copyright.PENANA1wGn2cBziq
當中嘅來龍去脈喇