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純粹係國策使然啫
定遠號同鎮遠號喺德國港口付運時情況
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殖民主義又從何談起呢?
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總係有種開緊歷史玩笑嘅味道⋯⋯
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喺1860年代中期開始53Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3wpPek7afX
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因為有國家機器加持53Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXRhS1vnyv3
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喺1868年俾斯麥寫畀佢老友戰爭部長羅恩伯爵嘅信中53Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3aIXW6YVFi
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不過情況好快就會有改變⋯⋯
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同巴爾幹動輒牽扯上幾百年嘅國仇家恨唔同53Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNouBh9iyod
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本質上純粹係基於經濟利益嘅啫53Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqQlGkNaC59
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從而繼續喺外交上孤立法國同分散佢對歐陸嘅注意力嘅話53Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡcYx9jfLpdK
就唔可以好似今次咁只係做個Honest Broker就夠53Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0vLJTymoji
佢一定要有啲籌碼喺手53Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCZcLrUjbFR
先可以埋枱玩53Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ22adcvCr1y
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喺1880年尾開始53Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡF0pC1LnOae
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陸續獲得俾斯麥接見53Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjXLHBMaqUh
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1884年4月-德屬西南非洲（納米比亞）；7月-西非嘅多哥蘭同喀麥隆；53Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKHcbic9JpV
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加埋幾個喺南太平洋嘅群島仔53Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡs3UGza4eiO
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就由冇到有咁建立起僅次於英法兩國、全球第三大嘅殖民帝國喇
德國喺非洲嘅殖民地
俾斯麥為日爾曼尼亞着起名為殖民主義嘅新裝
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呢一紙特許狀純粹係畀呢啲殖民地公司專營權53Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTERp83BWT4
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咩探索呀開發呀治安呀嗰啲麻煩就閣下自理喇53Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡp9LqPsnLKK
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皆因冇國家機器直接統籌嘅話53Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVNizz86yzB
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強如英國東印度公司呢間有國家支援嘅百年老店53Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡsp6egOhxLp
最後都要衰喺一場全國暴動上53Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtlackVhccc
要政府接管執手尾
由牛油同豬油引發嘅1857年印度兵變
咁你會問明知死路一條點解俾斯麥都仲要行嘅53Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9zorkUbxIv
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呢樣就係俾斯麥點解喺1880年代無啦啦搞殖民主義最底層嘅原因喇
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咁啱法國同比利時喺剛果河流域歸屬問題上嘅爭議53Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGtAX1wyh0K
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又突然喺櫳底摷咗份鹹鹹臭臭嘅條約出嚟53Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXhU6LYY8Px
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可以自由使用剛果河口南岸嘅一大片土地53Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEf5jDSR6sy
（即現今安哥拉，詳情請參閱第二集）53Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfc4OoLyzBG
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都紛紛嚮應53Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡn5jvG1tYPW
最終1884年11月15號喺俾斯麥嘅官邸53Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5WytEu4V0U
齊集除咗瑞士同啲鹹豆咁細嘅鼻屎國外全部歐洲國家53Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDXpq0WBgJB
再加上美國同鄂圖曼總共14個國家同組織53Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡn1JduFEqMe
（比利時係以國際剛果協會而唔係國家名義參加）53Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXe75CoW76X
參與呢個惡名昭彰、後世駡不絕口嘅柏林剛果會議喇
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嗰時冇飛機53Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYsKAResUoh
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好似上次柏林會議53Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPhPTU2zim6
與會嘅全部唔係外長就係首相本人53Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKnfOqDZP9O
相反今次嚟開會嘅53Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFcKRU0NZng
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啲大使都要聯絡本國外長甚至元首53Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡE744whjK3a
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計埋聖誕同新年放咗幾日假53Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9DHrDcnqtv
總共開咗104日53Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLkNRjfxWsL
到第二年嘅2月26號先完結53Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhmMEbELqaz
（對比1878年嗰次就啱啱好開咗一個月）53Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7GCoQ3NdCN
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殖民地政策所佔嘅比重其實唔算好大53Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡA6Ju5w2wXq
不過好快就會有改變
呢個會主要解決嘅問題有：53Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡivPUgJx1tr
1)剛果盆地歸屬53Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmz0UgdzftX
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關於第一個問題53Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ37uN0lL4ZY
喺我對上一篇《由比利時嘅斷掌朱古力講起》都有約略講過吓53Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGclyeprg9o
我就唔係呢度重覆喇53Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡonHD4AhbK0
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利奧波德二世呢個掛住人道主義者面具嘅豺狼53Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHQwxxurMVH
背後嘅陰謀㗎喇53Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRdnUPC8Prw
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對各國都有好處53Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9lUYlQhzAY
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目的都只係警示利奧波德二世唔好諗住踩過界啫53Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvCr9REnmIb
並唔係真係想爭晒成個剛果53Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3PvT685qqp
所以與會各國一致贊成由國際剛果協會管理剛果河南岸53Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡs0PInRkBfw
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剛果自由邦成為咗利奧波德二世苦心經營下嘅外交奇蹟喇
剛果自由邦北面疆界基本上就係剛果河
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自然就由英國所負責同享用啦
尼日河同佢廣闊流域內嘅盆地
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就直程令俾斯麥如虎添翼啦
喺今次個會上53Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPoeNyF2sfm
葡萄牙其實係相當進取嘅53Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡM8wgidptWA
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即係所謂嘅“粉紅地圖”
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唔係㗎嘛53Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmBUUQMfyIf
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邊個先有資格去佔據嗰度53Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNKzAQw2GrT
以剛果河口為例53Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJK8LcXvG3Q
國際剛果協會已經證明咗佢對嗰度有實質控制53Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1PMQqb2Xmz
而你就只係得份連簽署國都滅亡咗嘅歷史文件53Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPgLzxPvH6b
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大家有冇異議?
本來英國早喺2月已經同葡萄牙簽署協議53Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡU3XJZOz5Mx
支持佢爭取剛果河口53Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwPbJ5MykjK
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英國佬即刻嬲到紅都面晒53Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4dg4ZYz8FW
事關如果畀葡萄牙建立到呢條中南非走廊嘅話53Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqN7Mme1MLb
佢嗰個籌備中嘅“縱斷非洲”計劃就會斷纜53Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOSEkhQwBDr
呢樣嘢係絕對唔可以發生
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是為非洲版過三關53Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡK45eZnQ24W
詳情請參閱我對上一篇廢文
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如果支持葡萄牙個先發現原則攞剛果河口嘅話53Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6Bj8IA9zkM
佢就要同時承認“粉紅地圖”53Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJutlNDHVp4
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利奧波德二世得到彌足珍貴嘅出海口53Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡw8zkph3lcp
獲得完全嘅外交勝利53Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqfum10f9kw
而俾斯麥為英法兩國所搭建嘅呢個非洲鬥獸場亦就此完成喇
因為柏林會議嘅分割53Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpq7iXMWvfe
剛果河北岸安哥拉嘅領土53Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡv45w0m0TQ7
自始成為一塊飛地53Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXoQ7IvLn2X往後章節都會提及吓非洲呢啲奇奇怪怪嘅劃界
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例如德國讓出東非桑吉巴蘇丹國嘅主導權畀英國嚟換取北海一個小島啦53Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkSCqnbDHmm
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「我地交換到嘅呢啲山脈、湖泊同土地，實際上係連我地都唔知喺邊」53Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9J9DQeh6lZ
事實上整個非洲就畀列強當成無主之地53Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡS5phLsv4uB
直尺一度、大筆一揮就被肆意分割53Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzq61qIKC6c
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伴隨住呢啲分割嘅53Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnEGjuDPT56
係非洲入面唔同部族喺千百年間自然演化出嚟嘅勢力範圍被重新劃分
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對當時身處歐洲廟堂嘅諸公嚟講53Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzmbwQPyk4X
又點會理會同預料到呢
殖民時期前嘅部族勢力分界同現代非洲國界重叠圖
非洲喺二戰後各地武裝衝突地點示意圖
對比呢兩幅圖就可以睇到53Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNMJ1yK8aNM
呢啲無視當地土著勢力範圍嘅分割53Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDpLLEJ4R0r
就係往後非洲紛亂不堪最重要嘅起始因素喇53Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6AoBOHwbJ6
根據地域可以將呢啲衝突歸類為四個“重災區”53Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjR6HY5SSss
1)法國控制、穆斯林人口主導嘅北非地中海沿岸53Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdbGj1raZ4Y
2)北緯12度以南、撒哈拉同中非雨林之間嘅草原地帶
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視乎旱澇情況呢度既係北面穆斯林嘅放牧場又係南面土著王國嘅耕地53Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMhBYZKIsB8
自古以來就係兩邊人互相廝咬嘅源頭
3)中非剛果盆地同佢東邊嘅大湖區53Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7CxGMZksTM
4)礦產資源豐富、較為發達但係貧富極為懸殊嘅非洲南部53Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOveMFhhFNL
基本上各自都有自身獨特嘅原因搞到今時今日咁嘅田地53Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHZOPakBKgi
呢啲會喺嚟緊嘅章節慢慢去講53Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡY2ez9JFWaC
不過我會講講佢地共同擁有嘅“歷史機遇”先53Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ07qLx5jYKg
下一集《盛宴之後》再同大家吹過
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識睇嘅就梗係睇埋個尾啦53Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDIHIXmNwY3
話說柏林會議雖然為後世所唾罵53Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGdxlE98IXA
不過喺嗰時53Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKfZxDFIIjo
的確為各殖民宗主國提供咗一個文明解決潛在爭議嘅框架53Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡiTNeCxEp33
俾斯麥憑藉佢靈活嘅外交手腕53Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡV768Jd3sFm
喺各國錯綜複雜嘅利益關係網中53Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡItzjPEpJZN
一步步拆解分岐53Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHIavIaFf6s
最終搵到個大家都可以接受嘅方案53Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkhWGmmay50
唔使動輒就要打要殺53Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡz4hdoc8zdR
目的都係為德國提供一個穩定嘅歐陸53Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdw7FtWBWUg
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可以話係有今生冇來世
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呢台由俾斯麥一人擔綱嘅獨腳戲53Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSS6nK19Kqo
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就唔係好啱佢胃口喇53Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡIprVBwo646
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1890年3月22號53Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡoRYPBp8lUx
威廉二世以俾斯麥推行嘅反社會主義者法案過於激進為由53Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡR3vl3ynBSM
迫令佢辭職53Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjzolP0ajCC
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威廉仔亦都開始周圍點火表演跳火圈喇
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