A. 下载iso文件，制作启动U盘
aria2c -x 4 -s 12 "https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-releases/24.04/ubuntu-24.04-desktop-amd64.iso" "https://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu-releases/24.04/ubuntu-24.04-desktop-amd64.iso" "https://mirrors.zju.edu.cn/ubuntu-releases/24.04/ubuntu-24.04-desktop-amd64.iso"
安装启动盘制作软件rufus61Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0KcsPSzeSi
https://github.com/pbatard/rufus/releases/download/v4.5/rufus-4.5.exe61Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdTS9N7l8YP
U盘的容量必须大于7G，在rufus中选择U盘, iso文件，MBR分区类型，NTFS文件格式，点击开始，选择以ISO镜像模式写入。
官方参考资料：61Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1uCeljuv1B
https://ubuntu.com/tutorials/create-a-usb-stick-on-windows#1-overview
61Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5M5J6aB0r4
B. 安装ubuntu
从U盘启动电脑61Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡAy1SyttqUe
try or install ubuntu61Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡElaKoudWjQ
choose your language: english61Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡlid05hYlnS
accessibility in ubuntu: next61Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRphmXKF3ob
select your keyboard layout: english(US)61Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡoxiImnsyLC
connect to the internet: connect to a wi-fi network61Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBWBj9R5l3j
install ubuntu61Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡrWMJPHR54L
interactive installation61Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbUeYbcH22k
extended selection61Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡk3T0y8afzL
check: install third-party software for graphics and wi-fi hardware61Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUqPL4j2z97
check: download and install support for additional media formats61Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9dxmSung80
erase disk and install ubuntu61Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡc6inK2bn15
choose sdb61Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4dyGnMBMdE
your name: buda 61Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡr21QgOsIgP
your computer's name: vultr61Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡIZEhumHxOr
your username: buda 61Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLShuqH84zr
timezone: shanghai61Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡa3Sc6Nltk4
install61Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9YGdLW17kc
restart now61Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGBzbhLg2wR
拔出U盘, 按enter键
61Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkpQN9iBlL4
C. 初始化設置
点击左下角ubuntu图标进入开始菜单，将terminal pin to dash61Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡoCZ1CQ8IXL
# sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y
安装常用工具, 開發编译环境61Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjpRSoA2Auc
# sudo apt install nano net-tools build-essential gdb git glibc-source unzip openssl libssl-dev libzip-dev aria2 lsof61Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5MSAQ8QLQ8
# cd /usr/src/glibc61Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLV13eErrbR
# tar xvf glibc-2.39.tar.xz61Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡcLMKOoJYzD
在gdb中指定glibc的源代碼：61Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡB4lE0AJEi6
gdb> directory /usr/src/glibc/glibc-2.39
將用戶加入root組61Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5xXOXS6pvV
# usermod -a -G root buda61Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3GAHrkeBnc
# groups buda
黑屏时间设置：15分钟无操作后黑屏61Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5r2axqOp4J
点左下角进入开始菜单, search "power", click " (settings) Power" blank screen: 15 mins
apt search rethinkdb61Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmHa9me2ZWx
apt show rethinkdb61Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡa9LHGAP090
apt remove rethinkdb61Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡINsEG7Uv5c
cd /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ #进入PPA源文件所在目录61Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBDalejVBbK
sudo rm XXX.list #删除一个PPA源list文件61Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0tQP7Qjozx
sudo apt update
61Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzgQvtqQta5
D. 安裝中文輸入法rime
# sudo apt install ibus-rime rime-data-luna-pinyin61Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpqBtx66EiC
点击左下角进入开始菜单，选择settings, keyboard，+ add input source...，others, chinese(rime)61Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgGINmnFdMS
点击chinese(rime)右边的小竖点，move up，将chinese(rime)移到Input Sources列表的第一行61Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡD55CZ3aBCO
编辑配置文件61Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3Xj05p7siZ
一次显示9个候选词、模糊音61Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ56P9iyx2ns
# nano ~/.config/ibus/rime/default.custom.yaml61Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2FOciBhXy4
---------default.custom.yaml的内容如下-----------61Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3ENhNu8H7W
patch:61Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvZ0i0mqjis
"menu/page_size": 9
'speller/algebra':61Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUuCBMDgocr
- erase/^xx$/ # 第一行保留
# 模糊音定義61Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNTHiSawpgo
- derive/^([zcs])h/$1/ # zh, ch, sh => z, c, s61Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9nrfq2T631
- derive/^([zcs])([^h])/$1h$2/ # z, c, s => zh, ch, sh
- derive/^n/l/ # n => l61Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCoEWU0k4oB
- derive/^l/n/ # l => n
- derive/([ei])n$/$1ng/ # en => eng, in => ing61Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBkLpdjMnUz
- derive/([ei])ng$/$1n/ # eng => en, ing => in61Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKBKrJK28bo
--------------------------------------------------------------61Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRfbLhVbIXe
为了使模糊音生效，拷贝配置文件61Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡrhZ6eMe4qU
# cp default.custom.yaml luna_pinyin_simp.custom.yaml && cp default.custom.yaml luna_pinyin.custom.yaml61Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUx81Z34pGv
部署rime输入法：61Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTjZZIzVa9d
# ibus restart61Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWQDB1Vi5un
# ibus engine rime61Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡuK5Bvu5HXz
在输入时按F4或者Ctrl+\`可弹出菜单，选择菜单上的数字可进行简繁输入转换61Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡN3BuHmHmbu
按shift键进行中英输入转换61Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6l4cyZhatM
有时候输入法失效时，可以重新运行一下部署rime的命令
参考资料：61Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxXvPqQa4CC
CustomizationGuide · rime/home Wiki · GitHub61Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡha4wMT8Fig
https://www.cnblogs.com/keatonlao/p/12983158.html
61Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPwWFO47stp
E. 安裝重要軟件
从code官网下载deb包，然后安装61Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvuL1Rbbuq5
# sudo apt install ./code_1.90.0-1717531825_amd64.deb
gimp图片编辑器, chromium浏览器61Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPukJ7ypTTf
从app center安装
墙内安装node/npm61Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡo123VX1IXF
https://nodejs.org/en/ 下载LTS版本61Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡr5z8aDxdRi
# cd ~/Downloads61Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDtNfc3KMnj
# wget https://nodejs.org/dist/v20.15.0/node-v20.15.0-linux-x64.tar.xz61Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡE9L5MqRx8z
# tar --strip-components 1 -xvf node-v20.15.0-linux-x64.tar.xz -C /usr/local61Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡcJfJcwls2X
# node -v61Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPNa7g97BR6
# npm install npm@latest -g61Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwARwExsnqd
# npm config get registry61Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFrcgLrXfEr
# npm config set registry https://registry.npmmirror.com61Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡIY1ekcEvvd
如果想用回官方registry:61Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqOlU8NrwJN
# npm config set registry https://registry.npmjs.org
墙外安装node/npm61Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLC6yaaIgeH
# curl -o- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nvm-sh/nvm/v0.39.7/install.sh | bash61Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWsBm8A8lIT
# export NVM_DIR="$([ -z "${XDG_CONFIG_HOME-}" ] && printf %s "${HOME}/.nvm" || printf %s "${XDG_CONFIG_HOME}/nvm")"61Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTCyzBXfNfY
[ -s "$NVM_DIR/nvm.sh" ] && \. "$NVM_DIR/nvm.sh" # This loads nvm61Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡon8CVECiV6
# nvm install --lts61Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdBZe7EqbBO
# npm install npm@latest -g
安装61Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡW7U1SVVwx3
npm i package_name61Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡi2PH41t8s9
项目更新61Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡL2E1knx8Hr
npm update
F. 配置服務器連接
1. ssh免密登录Linux服务器
在客户端检查是否存在证书61Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡaYQFXs2QF5
# ls -al ~/.ssh/id_*.pub61Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡu8JsYEYrgp
如果不存在，生成证书61Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0a5E6gDjsm
# ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 4096 -C "jinmin.si@outlook.com"61Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡn87GHlHl6S
生成证书的过程中使用空白的 passphrase61Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2OttLMGrK1
将证书拷贝到服务器61Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMQF3GpwsKg
# ssh-copy-id root@server
2. 从windows登录linux
如果是从windows系统连接ubuntu，可以安装putty作为访问服务器的终端。 61Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7xMlmC4ECW
下载putty: https://www.putty.org/
putty免密登录Linux服务器的方法
在putty的安装目录找到puttygen.exe，运行生成ssl私钥和公钥，保存私钥到文件，复制公钥。61Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡF035TbKBxo
在putty的 connection/data 设置登录用户名为root，connection/ssh/auth/credentials中设置私钥的文件，保存设置。61Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOv781iRzeO
将公钥写入服务器的 ~/.ssh/authorized_keys 文件中, reboot ubuntu使修改生效61Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFx31TRShqh
# nano ~/.ssh/authorized_keys61Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡn9WZ51wwpO
# reboot
如果想保持putty与服务器的连接保持不断线，可以在Putty中设置每隔一定的时间发一次心跳消息。
3. 保持与服务器的ssh连接不断线的方法
ssh连接服务器时如果容易断线，可以修改服务器sshd的设置，保持ssh连接不断线：61Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9og8ziVSCD
# nano /etc/ssh/sshd_config61Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvaAU6HF95v
ClientAliveInterval 60 # 表示每60秒发送一次请求，从而保持连接不断线。61Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnvLzpeVmIh
ClientAliveCountMax 10 # 表示服务器发出请求后客户端没有响应的次数达到10次，就自动断开连接61Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdQTZcsk1To
# systemctl restart sshd
4. 從ubuntu remote windows用remmina
從app中心安裝remmina61Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡShJSYSKA0p
新建connection到windows
Basic標籤61Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfdKAAkxw0N
server: ip/domain.name, username: Administrator, password: ***61Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKqACRMj1Eh
share folder中填寫ubuntu中的路徑，則可從windows訪問61Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ20Zstg22fk
resolution中可設置合適的屏幕大小
Advanced標籤61Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡp3rr8gZvSh
output audio: 選擇local，則是windows發出的聲音
windows server 默認是麼有開啓聲音服務的，要設置一下才能發出聲音：61Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6wgTAd2J88
https://cloud.tencent.com/developer/article/1894933
G. 網絡安全設置
防火墙设置61Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzJEK2jJQKc
# ufw allow 2261Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMOIXcn274w
# ufw allow 8061Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡiADKDNX7ha
# ufw allow 44361Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvIvzfeLyM1
# ufw enable61Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6Gg3b59sEd
# ufw status
H. 常用命令
创建软链接61Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvvCeAOfeOP
# sudo ln -s 源文件 目标文件
修改密码61Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ956qT1nSPa
# passwd root61Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtAJlThLHGz
# usermod -a -G groupA username61Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEGZtktXRhe
# groups username
修改hostname61Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5Xbw0JfFFN
# hostnamectl set-hostname xiaoyue
查看cpu61Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡaH5paPruh4
# lscpu
查看内存61Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡazpLtxit0U
# free -h61Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRb9sOT4MH1
# top
釋放被buff/cache占用的内存61Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTAUM20ynOo
# sync; echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空页面缓存61Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡIK3zoVeI9k
# sync; echo 1 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空目录项缓存61Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxhbSGpQT2B
# sync; echo 2 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空SLAB缓存61Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCK2avXyuzI
# sync; echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空所有缓存61Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡef86sjbOKm
用sudo执行：61Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡlhV9GvskXG
# sudo sh -c "echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches"
61Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ137yh2NqgB
查看硬盘61Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJeTOmmxns0
# sudo lshw -c disk61Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡI4o86vXwhc
查看分区61Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTHQ0oAqZPI
# sudo fdisk -l61Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLO3O6SEFw3
查看磁盘剩余空间61Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2QbgjJJ1vl
# df -hl
文件壓縮和打包61Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2knA6N189B
將在windows上壓縮出的zip文件傳遞給Linux系統解壓縮時，文件名會出現亂碼，這是因爲在Windows上文件名的編碼取決於「控制面板-時鐘和區域-區域-管理-非unicode程序語言」中的設置，中國大陸默認是簡體中文，gb2312(cp936)編碼. 而在Linux系統上則統一是utf-8編碼。61Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8EmpDsCL8A
如何解決？最簡單的辦法是在解壓縮的時候說明一下原來的編碼，這樣壓縮工具就會識別出原來的文件名而自動將文件名轉爲utf8編碼, 命令如下：61Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgDOBaLakde
unzip -O cp936 temp.zip
改變文件權限61Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1zkyze8GL9
# chmod g+w <文件/目录路径>61Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvNzEnXLBi7
# chmod -R g+w /path/to/directory61Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzmfaQemxL7
设置所有者为 rwx，组为 r-x，其他用户为 r--：61Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4dzLmVim5c
# chmod 755 <文件/目录路径>
u：所有者（user）。61Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgrlhZUYtkK
g：所属组（group）。61Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4bF5Sig48F
o：其他用户（others）。61Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5r8yykGmpl
a：所有用户（u、g、o）。61Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3waOqohsiO
操作符：61Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPYsCciwlwG
+：添加权限。61Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzKeQMVmflT
-：移除权限。61Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡm3tcN3hIqR
=：设置权限。61Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLJJYGySIUm
權限：61Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqHKCb4hUhI
r（读） = 461Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6S2c8Lc984
w（写） = 261Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmRsXZrHtJJ
x（执行） = 161Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHQNNEYvMSz
-（无权限） = 061Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdIKRivuIr8
通过加法得到最终的权限值。例如：61Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡicTBITdhad
7 = rwx（4 + 2 + 1）61Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡe8fTwWnBK2
5 = r-x（4 + 1）61Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhroOacBdql
6 = rw-（4 + 2）61Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtR9UvhfHFI
61Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡy81An1Vfyh
I. 创建自定义命令
# nano ~/.bash_aliases61Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡw84EXrdNXy
添加alias, 比如：61Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqcOdHaf1bd
alias gitbuda='gitbuda() { git add -A; git commit -m "$1"; git push; }; gitbuda'61Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡL7nF859dK9
其中$1表示命令的第一个参数，这样就可以用 gitbuda "commit message"来运行命令61Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7PgrNCHLaF
# source ~/.bash_aliases
Section X. Thanks
https://ubuntu.com
61Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVnWGMWkGrw
Section Y. Contacts Me
If you found any errors or have any suggestions for this article, please let me know, my wechat: si_jinmin, my email: si.jinmin@gmail.com61Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡf9QgZr03KV
如果您发现本文有任何错误，或者对本文有好的建议，欢迎与我联系探讨，我的微信: si_jinmin, 我的email: si.jinmin@gmail.com
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ns 15.158.61.37da2
