A. 下载iso文件，制作启动U盘
aria2c -x 4 -s 12 "https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-releases/24.04/ubuntu-24.04-desktop-amd64.iso" "https://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu-releases/24.04/ubuntu-24.04-desktop-amd64.iso" "https://mirrors.zju.edu.cn/ubuntu-releases/24.04/ubuntu-24.04-desktop-amd64.iso"
安装启动盘制作软件rufus56Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡN9sJCjXey7
https://github.com/pbatard/rufus/releases/download/v4.5/rufus-4.5.exe56Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVEZErNIYpl
U盘的容量必须大于7G，在rufus中选择U盘, iso文件，MBR分区类型，NTFS文件格式，点击开始，选择以ISO镜像模式写入。
官方参考资料：56Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQ8dtr0waca
https://ubuntu.com/tutorials/create-a-usb-stick-on-windows#1-overview
56Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡcWwcKZAhj4
B. 安装ubuntu
从U盘启动电脑56Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSwiiRLklhw
try or install ubuntu56Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzYIpHfVctD
choose your language: english56Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1CV1QGda2T
accessibility in ubuntu: next56Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡncj8MisVaK
select your keyboard layout: english(US)56Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvd5rF6oAWe
connect to the internet: connect to a wi-fi network56Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgmhcizaGEv
install ubuntu56Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjH76To0fBN
interactive installation56Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNp79TLqVSC
extended selection56Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9ERLIoEPU8
check: install third-party software for graphics and wi-fi hardware56Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡIed593V0tR
check: download and install support for additional media formats56Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡcvtVu7BIQB
erase disk and install ubuntu56Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡAWt4E9z3nv
choose sdb56Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡddi0IHM4tW
your name: buda 56Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡcorxqIK6LZ
your computer's name: vultr56Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCF60PgmaOI
your username: buda 56Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRavFYAwA3h
timezone: shanghai56Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHM0Ceevzdp
install56Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXelhChvX75
restart now56Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWWg1fzuaQC
拔出U盘, 按enter键
56Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtpOyPGfbNn
C. 初始化設置
点击左下角ubuntu图标进入开始菜单，将terminal pin to dash56Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1L4JWRMmYR
# sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y
安装常用工具, 開發编译环境56Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUeHtt2PAgo
# sudo apt install nano net-tools build-essential gdb git glibc-source unzip openssl libssl-dev libzip-dev aria2 lsof56Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0gmsKd6dq2
# cd /usr/src/glibc56Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2hp80pwj5j
# tar xvf glibc-2.39.tar.xz56Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGAa7qEX8SW
在gdb中指定glibc的源代碼：56Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPeXD7ETPDf
gdb> directory /usr/src/glibc/glibc-2.39
將用戶加入root組56Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTIHFscEtX5
# usermod -a -G root buda56Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ61ZyhMsJBQ
# groups buda
黑屏时间设置：15分钟无操作后黑屏56Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡs3Huy7arjb
点左下角进入开始菜单, search "power", click " (settings) Power" blank screen: 15 mins
apt search rethinkdb56Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSgjYlB1C9V
apt show rethinkdb56Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJmuZxqMGOe
apt remove rethinkdb56Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4LMFkSwqCR
cd /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ #进入PPA源文件所在目录56Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡF9tnPE3tlt
sudo rm XXX.list #删除一个PPA源list文件56Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4wEB1U6QTM
sudo apt update
56Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡylBPBfl2Dp
D. 安裝中文輸入法rime
# sudo apt install ibus-rime rime-data-luna-pinyin56Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡh1SU74AqAI
点击左下角进入开始菜单，选择settings, keyboard，+ add input source...，others, chinese(rime)56Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFGUWYM0yfc
点击chinese(rime)右边的小竖点，move up，将chinese(rime)移到Input Sources列表的第一行56Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡlSTMdYK7g0
编辑配置文件56Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLhZsXzAEjq
一次显示9个候选词、模糊音56Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ81a5h5kq9J
# nano ~/.config/ibus/rime/default.custom.yaml56Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNu9rBi52y7
---------default.custom.yaml的内容如下-----------56Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWBlvB2AHTt
patch:56Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSinRHj5M4e
"menu/page_size": 9
'speller/algebra':56Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1A9pD34C9w
- erase/^xx$/ # 第一行保留
# 模糊音定義56Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGqKGyeppdG
- derive/^([zcs])h/$1/ # zh, ch, sh => z, c, s56Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡl44OXgw1v4
- derive/^([zcs])([^h])/$1h$2/ # z, c, s => zh, ch, sh
- derive/^n/l/ # n => l56Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOx6wJiRfv4
- derive/^l/n/ # l => n
- derive/([ei])n$/$1ng/ # en => eng, in => ing56Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDT5LZGq2sa
- derive/([ei])ng$/$1n/ # eng => en, ing => in56Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ97l2VdjiNc
--------------------------------------------------------------56Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZtC15iY64j
为了使模糊音生效，拷贝配置文件56Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡh9V55yNKCf
# cp default.custom.yaml luna_pinyin_simp.custom.yaml && cp default.custom.yaml luna_pinyin.custom.yaml56Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡlMe9CJbnzl
部署rime输入法：56Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRDHKuJdTQq
# ibus restart56Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZNwTHALxrM
# ibus engine rime56Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ235AGjsNKK
在输入时按F4或者Ctrl+\`可弹出菜单，选择菜单上的数字可进行简繁输入转换56Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGH57uYk7iL
按shift键进行中英输入转换56Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEzhZOqGXwE
有时候输入法失效时，可以重新运行一下部署rime的命令
参考资料：56Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBVQ4stMhpn
CustomizationGuide · rime/home Wiki · GitHub56Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwnCah1Z2xX
https://www.cnblogs.com/keatonlao/p/12983158.html
56Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6CbyvPfpsJ
E. 安裝重要軟件
从code官网下载deb包，然后安装56Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOtL0kSIt9d
# sudo apt install ./code_1.90.0-1717531825_amd64.deb
gimp图片编辑器, chromium浏览器56Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡB01CO6JCxg
从app center安装
墙内安装node/npm56Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSPruHs6oSm
https://nodejs.org/en/ 下载LTS版本56Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhHTQa96yAP
# cd ~/Downloads56Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡI0ezRg9aZP
# wget https://nodejs.org/dist/v20.15.0/node-v20.15.0-linux-x64.tar.xz56Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡj5KiGHCpHd
# tar --strip-components 1 -xvf node-v20.15.0-linux-x64.tar.xz -C /usr/local56Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4tASsV5pVS
# node -v56Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡty975Fg4vt
# npm install npm@latest -g56Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡcOEhxExfgj
# npm config get registry56Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQMme02yAEO
# npm config set registry https://registry.npmmirror.com56Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvmelvEATye
如果想用回官方registry:56Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMbpb6ub3Lm
# npm config set registry https://registry.npmjs.org
墙外安装node/npm56Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9LtpOQt235
# curl -o- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nvm-sh/nvm/v0.39.7/install.sh | bash56Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVYcIJXpbr3
# export NVM_DIR="$([ -z "${XDG_CONFIG_HOME-}" ] && printf %s "${HOME}/.nvm" || printf %s "${XDG_CONFIG_HOME}/nvm")"56Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRgzvtRq7pM
[ -s "$NVM_DIR/nvm.sh" ] && \. "$NVM_DIR/nvm.sh" # This loads nvm56Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkMXTHQe49E
# nvm install --lts56Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡAyn6LiZVZK
# npm install npm@latest -g
安装56Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbDB4oPuVNi
npm i package_name56Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ17K1GrhnrU
项目更新56Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXBpQ4F0Nt2
npm update
F. 配置服務器連接
1. ssh免密登录Linux服务器
在客户端检查是否存在证书56Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡS7GGjBqJlB
# ls -al ~/.ssh/id_*.pub56Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡuiZHaCSgGw
如果不存在，生成证书56Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtxMiowG7Yq
# ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 4096 -C "jinmin.si@outlook.com"56Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnZ8hvRAsHd
生成证书的过程中使用空白的 passphrase56Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbkmoncACNV
将证书拷贝到服务器56Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPixHR3Qney
# ssh-copy-id root@server
2. 从windows登录linux
如果是从windows系统连接ubuntu，可以安装putty作为访问服务器的终端。 56Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ09lgRMs59F
下载putty: https://www.putty.org/
putty免密登录Linux服务器的方法
在putty的安装目录找到puttygen.exe，运行生成ssl私钥和公钥，保存私钥到文件，复制公钥。56Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7Su1H6ngh0
在putty的 connection/data 设置登录用户名为root，connection/ssh/auth/credentials中设置私钥的文件，保存设置。56Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡaIItkOMdgB
将公钥写入服务器的 ~/.ssh/authorized_keys 文件中, reboot ubuntu使修改生效56Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZPdCQDy6VV
# nano ~/.ssh/authorized_keys56Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZdW5L9demZ
# reboot
如果想保持putty与服务器的连接保持不断线，可以在Putty中设置每隔一定的时间发一次心跳消息。
3. 保持与服务器的ssh连接不断线的方法
ssh连接服务器时如果容易断线，可以修改服务器sshd的设置，保持ssh连接不断线：56Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡAmKvA3VBV1
# nano /etc/ssh/sshd_config56Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKvQpr24zbe
ClientAliveInterval 60 # 表示每60秒发送一次请求，从而保持连接不断线。56Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRGmSVxwHzu
ClientAliveCountMax 10 # 表示服务器发出请求后客户端没有响应的次数达到10次，就自动断开连接56Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKzI87W2veB
# systemctl restart sshd
4. 從ubuntu remote windows用remmina
從app中心安裝remmina56Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡB8TagVanQy
新建connection到windows
Basic標籤56Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtiqlXrUGVw
server: ip/domain.name, username: Administrator, password: ***56Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGbo9mYfgZz
share folder中填寫ubuntu中的路徑，則可從windows訪問56Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKMa2Penvps
resolution中可設置合適的屏幕大小
Advanced標籤56Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBoE1KIo5mW
output audio: 選擇local，則是windows發出的聲音
windows server 默認是麼有開啓聲音服務的，要設置一下才能發出聲音：56Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNgRXg2fvRG
https://cloud.tencent.com/developer/article/1894933
G. 網絡安全設置
防火墙设置56Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡaohSCrqCaO
# ufw allow 2256Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKOTxu0PwTQ
# ufw allow 8056Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7MfRt6WG78
# ufw allow 44356Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCpqWr5TSXX
# ufw enable56Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡODQ40v5qWx
# ufw status
H. 常用命令
创建软链接56Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡA5xbf9pkL4
# sudo ln -s 源文件 目标文件
修改密码56Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZiwghMILrj
# passwd root56Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqpd4pl4K75
# usermod -a -G groupA username56Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTje2Uo1Pb2
# groups username
修改hostname56Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2LtF8YG5OE
# hostnamectl set-hostname xiaoyue
查看cpu56Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡc7XMEW8YUK
# lscpu
查看内存56Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZHgKEdzBUP
# free -h56Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQw3F6mil3G
# top
釋放被buff/cache占用的内存56Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGIxUyIW3zu
# sync; echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空页面缓存56Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOILK47oYYt
# sync; echo 1 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空目录项缓存56Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡoA2BumA8T7
# sync; echo 2 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空SLAB缓存56Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmTsmtVbIoA
# sync; echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空所有缓存56Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRWRECQCmvJ
用sudo执行：56Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1tvAOD7N5O
# sudo sh -c "echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches"
56Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSSdq1gzDtL
查看硬盘56Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡeL070lxyDC
# sudo lshw -c disk56Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnSB8GfPX8w
查看分区56Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxqbqZRQLy7
# sudo fdisk -l56Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUBL1PxK2Jw
查看磁盘剩余空间56Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡs2UigT6HOV
# df -hl
文件壓縮和打包56Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡE7fNyDodAT
將在windows上壓縮出的zip文件傳遞給Linux系統解壓縮時，文件名會出現亂碼，這是因爲在Windows上文件名的編碼取決於「控制面板-時鐘和區域-區域-管理-非unicode程序語言」中的設置，中國大陸默認是簡體中文，gb2312(cp936)編碼. 而在Linux系統上則統一是utf-8編碼。56Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡm9RzBSJf4z
如何解決？最簡單的辦法是在解壓縮的時候說明一下原來的編碼，這樣壓縮工具就會識別出原來的文件名而自動將文件名轉爲utf8編碼, 命令如下：56Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRNQe3XZhaQ
unzip -O cp936 temp.zip
改變文件權限56Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQpTOp5NLd7
# chmod g+w <文件/目录路径>56Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDvw57gt57N
# chmod -R g+w /path/to/directory56Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhan9h2rDyR
设置所有者为 rwx，组为 r-x，其他用户为 r--：56Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpqXxhmvWvb
# chmod 755 <文件/目录路径>
u：所有者（user）。56Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUkl59yLvOB
g：所属组（group）。56Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPP0rboPDDd
o：其他用户（others）。56Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZ00rokGvWO
a：所有用户（u、g、o）。56Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡesHyrU4BXz
操作符：56Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡlaIqhfjPVx
+：添加权限。56Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡAtgYGMiUlr
-：移除权限。56Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmueHidmDFB
=：设置权限。56Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmt6MAp64TJ
權限：56Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHi49Sd3lf3
r（读） = 456Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxneCiLw4wW
w（写） = 256Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHT8b6J24Dx
x（执行） = 156Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWel4BzXMSB
-（无权限） = 056Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡELvG5PN6hV
通过加法得到最终的权限值。例如：56Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡB1Tt4G6Slh
7 = rwx（4 + 2 + 1）56Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡa2PYUN7q0n
5 = r-x（4 + 1）56Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzJpGBb5GAq
6 = rw-（4 + 2）56Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡaB5oq6Aoqh
56Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1ObOc1ZeRG
I. 创建自定义命令
# nano ~/.bash_aliases56Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDDAhLK0koB
添加alias, 比如：56Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡrpeBlJVqwG
alias gitbuda='gitbuda() { git add -A; git commit -m "$1"; git push; }; gitbuda'56Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLfSJpCx8L5
其中$1表示命令的第一个参数，这样就可以用 gitbuda "commit message"来运行命令56Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmZ3aFmYqCv
# source ~/.bash_aliases
Section X. Thanks
https://ubuntu.com
56Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡer7SMQ75cC
Section Y. Contacts Me
If you found any errors or have any suggestions for this article, please let me know, my wechat: si_jinmin, my email: si.jinmin@gmail.com56Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSWJkOMpGfd
如果您发现本文有任何错误，或者对本文有好的建议，欢迎与我联系探讨，我的微信: si_jinmin, 我的email: si.jinmin@gmail.com
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ns 15.158.61.7da2
