A. 下载iso文件，制作启动U盘
aria2c -x 4 -s 12 "https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-releases/24.04/ubuntu-24.04-desktop-amd64.iso" "https://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu-releases/24.04/ubuntu-24.04-desktop-amd64.iso" "https://mirrors.zju.edu.cn/ubuntu-releases/24.04/ubuntu-24.04-desktop-amd64.iso"
安装启动盘制作软件rufus64Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡN8rx4BuRqA
https://github.com/pbatard/rufus/releases/download/v4.5/rufus-4.5.exe64Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtJnj6coY1c
U盘的容量必须大于7G，在rufus中选择U盘, iso文件，MBR分区类型，NTFS文件格式，点击开始，选择以ISO镜像模式写入。
官方参考资料：64Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8qPqXsZYXd
https://ubuntu.com/tutorials/create-a-usb-stick-on-windows#1-overview
64Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡd1og4wqMUX
B. 安装ubuntu
从U盘启动电脑64Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqpmqHyBZbl
try or install ubuntu64Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ32g6Fr1EJ1
choose your language: english64Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYHYrEFy3el
accessibility in ubuntu: next64Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEZmQumaADW
select your keyboard layout: english(US)64Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4xPQsTVeMY
connect to the internet: connect to a wi-fi network64Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4Rxki3Itb8
install ubuntu64Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡijOieRQ94B
interactive installation64Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPodivUsiE1
extended selection64Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8HPQDTvja0
check: install third-party software for graphics and wi-fi hardware64Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6y7BBJHKkO
check: download and install support for additional media formats64Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5oeSf1mS7r
erase disk and install ubuntu64Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZULX6CLRVR
choose sdb64Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVvtH6zeJ3E
your name: buda 64Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSyYWkETfmp
your computer's name: vultr64Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡweoAULhPFJ
your username: buda 64Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHeuSV7ObEh
timezone: shanghai64Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZ9Ic8LBZvv
install64Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRHeEvgi89d
restart now64Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBAH14SFuSC
拔出U盘, 按enter键
64Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHQypN71rVe
C. 初始化設置
点击左下角ubuntu图标进入开始菜单，将terminal pin to dash64Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7X5GjxxcmV
# sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y
安装常用工具, 開發编译环境64Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQBQwOCGsvC
# sudo apt install nano net-tools build-essential gdb git glibc-source unzip openssl libssl-dev libzip-dev aria2 lsof64Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwhCVPDAMIo
# cd /usr/src/glibc64Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzhfiuniGyI
# tar xvf glibc-2.39.tar.xz64Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUIuI2iVVy9
在gdb中指定glibc的源代碼：64Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbe52LBAz0S
gdb> directory /usr/src/glibc/glibc-2.39
將用戶加入root組64Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqIGBBROM0C
# usermod -a -G root buda64Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSFS1gBlNDY
# groups buda
黑屏时间设置：15分钟无操作后黑屏64Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUhxAvTkXnw
点左下角进入开始菜单, search "power", click " (settings) Power" blank screen: 15 mins
apt search rethinkdb64Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡyFW16ugH7y
apt show rethinkdb64Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGKfEwhauvd
apt remove rethinkdb64Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZNzEC36Oyo
cd /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ #进入PPA源文件所在目录64Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtBunI0SKyd
sudo rm XXX.list #删除一个PPA源list文件64Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4WYFqOGksd
sudo apt update
64Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhhuxKJfNJ0
D. 安裝中文輸入法rime
# sudo apt install ibus-rime rime-data-luna-pinyin64Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgRwzJNlIHK
点击左下角进入开始菜单，选择settings, keyboard，+ add input source...，others, chinese(rime)64Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFPxtgji1sA
点击chinese(rime)右边的小竖点，move up，将chinese(rime)移到Input Sources列表的第一行64Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡAA3bRKodyk
编辑配置文件64Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡyIvPf4karE
一次显示9个候选词、模糊音64Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7Ur9TqeBSR
# nano ~/.config/ibus/rime/default.custom.yaml64Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTg3CxTozIv
---------default.custom.yaml的内容如下-----------64Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxf2Cjt1Mty
patch:64Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFK4cO0bG1C
"menu/page_size": 9
'speller/algebra':64Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡG0iiAbUzci
- erase/^xx$/ # 第一行保留
# 模糊音定義64Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6YvZ9QpsLB
- derive/^([zcs])h/$1/ # zh, ch, sh => z, c, s64Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡELGv5zt6Tp
- derive/^([zcs])([^h])/$1h$2/ # z, c, s => zh, ch, sh
- derive/^n/l/ # n => l64Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡoPUYlVH70X
- derive/^l/n/ # l => n
- derive/([ei])n$/$1ng/ # en => eng, in => ing64Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡySM94dmAdB
- derive/([ei])ng$/$1n/ # eng => en, ing => in64Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡIy7riE97Zo
--------------------------------------------------------------64Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEuuDYJWXW3
为了使模糊音生效，拷贝配置文件64Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡA8rMIrHXlO
# cp default.custom.yaml luna_pinyin_simp.custom.yaml && cp default.custom.yaml luna_pinyin.custom.yaml64Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtX6vtd3JzR
部署rime输入法：64Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhmkyTJfz4I
# ibus restart64Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkHKupooBrm
# ibus engine rime64Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡiTy2L3NhFL
在输入时按F4或者Ctrl+\`可弹出菜单，选择菜单上的数字可进行简繁输入转换64Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLDoRu3BmYD
按shift键进行中英输入转换64Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbfMjGsqPGy
有时候输入法失效时，可以重新运行一下部署rime的命令
参考资料：64Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡsEHaIIDPTW
CustomizationGuide · rime/home Wiki · GitHub64Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZvaCVVoNIj
https://www.cnblogs.com/keatonlao/p/12983158.html
64Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4qxAmOVCCn
E. 安裝重要軟件
从code官网下载deb包，然后安装64Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡu0udA9jSjo
# sudo apt install ./code_1.90.0-1717531825_amd64.deb
gimp图片编辑器, chromium浏览器64Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPLA9DWNa1G
从app center安装
墙内安装node/npm64Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkETUaWYjUO
https://nodejs.org/en/ 下载LTS版本64Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSaqmb9t6KL
# cd ~/Downloads64Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwAMLKt41HS
# wget https://nodejs.org/dist/v20.15.0/node-v20.15.0-linux-x64.tar.xz64Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzN6XF0XzDt
# tar --strip-components 1 -xvf node-v20.15.0-linux-x64.tar.xz -C /usr/local64Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLuwjUPA2Un
# node -v64Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡr0IPaqoODH
# npm install npm@latest -g64Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGYwZ5I3DPZ
# npm config get registry64Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwqu5sWZdZY
# npm config set registry https://registry.npmmirror.com64Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡuWLBZ3UIWD
如果想用回官方registry:64Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJDrqitzCQF
# npm config set registry https://registry.npmjs.org
墙外安装node/npm64Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwpPH7B1qpC
# curl -o- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nvm-sh/nvm/v0.39.7/install.sh | bash64Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1WI1ZtxigO
# export NVM_DIR="$([ -z "${XDG_CONFIG_HOME-}" ] && printf %s "${HOME}/.nvm" || printf %s "${XDG_CONFIG_HOME}/nvm")"64Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLvVzrBSgws
[ -s "$NVM_DIR/nvm.sh" ] && \. "$NVM_DIR/nvm.sh" # This loads nvm64Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡS1dlIyc7jX
# nvm install --lts64Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPcg0PcU5MT
# npm install npm@latest -g
安装64Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGSqnVPvzTE
npm i package_name64Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKTX9jAYjkb
项目更新64Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSXPABjXupH
npm update
F. 配置服務器連接
1. ssh免密登录Linux服务器
在客户端检查是否存在证书64Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡya5cknjqyA
# ls -al ~/.ssh/id_*.pub64Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbSWv03mJAK
如果不存在，生成证书64Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDi1wg0ophh
# ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 4096 -C "jinmin.si@outlook.com"64Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHtdemnIOR1
生成证书的过程中使用空白的 passphrase64Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvRdITOJ7sW
将证书拷贝到服务器64Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnRq5mjJ2io
# ssh-copy-id root@server
2. 从windows登录linux
如果是从windows系统连接ubuntu，可以安装putty作为访问服务器的终端。 64Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEjIzYgstbz
下载putty: https://www.putty.org/
putty免密登录Linux服务器的方法
在putty的安装目录找到puttygen.exe，运行生成ssl私钥和公钥，保存私钥到文件，复制公钥。64Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡt48vkd8tGk
在putty的 connection/data 设置登录用户名为root，connection/ssh/auth/credentials中设置私钥的文件，保存设置。64Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡyxiSMoa2OW
将公钥写入服务器的 ~/.ssh/authorized_keys 文件中, reboot ubuntu使修改生效64Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡieW3AqYqdT
# nano ~/.ssh/authorized_keys64Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡljXIhzMum9
# reboot
如果想保持putty与服务器的连接保持不断线，可以在Putty中设置每隔一定的时间发一次心跳消息。
3. 保持与服务器的ssh连接不断线的方法
ssh连接服务器时如果容易断线，可以修改服务器sshd的设置，保持ssh连接不断线：64Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCW0JVpml5R
# nano /etc/ssh/sshd_config64Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8dRz1bXZL8
ClientAliveInterval 60 # 表示每60秒发送一次请求，从而保持连接不断线。64Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLvPFxvpgic
ClientAliveCountMax 10 # 表示服务器发出请求后客户端没有响应的次数达到10次，就自动断开连接64Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZRCOZa946Y
# systemctl restart sshd
4. 從ubuntu remote windows用remmina
從app中心安裝remmina64Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVSAo0yHhsG
新建connection到windows
Basic標籤64Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡAa4fPZxrMG
server: ip/domain.name, username: Administrator, password: ***64Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡsLrDArbupV
share folder中填寫ubuntu中的路徑，則可從windows訪問64Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡngCNLpScnz
resolution中可設置合適的屏幕大小
Advanced標籤64Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCiuF1n3vbI
output audio: 選擇local，則是windows發出的聲音
windows server 默認是麼有開啓聲音服務的，要設置一下才能發出聲音：64Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEwSVxJhZba
https://cloud.tencent.com/developer/article/1894933
G. 網絡安全設置
防火墙设置64Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡoLfuxAV8CT
# ufw allow 2264Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡW4gA6zT8Z9
# ufw allow 8064Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBXi1M4JsMA
# ufw allow 44364Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡU7XIKxVHWj
# ufw enable64Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVEc6rzzf3E
# ufw status
H. 常用命令
创建软链接64Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡo3WIJQw6Mp
# sudo ln -s 源文件 目标文件
修改密码64Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡrAAAbmvkWB
# passwd root64Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtvuYDYquyn
# usermod -a -G groupA username64Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPyrfkhhCjz
# groups username
修改hostname64Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1C4Qm9sTU4
# hostnamectl set-hostname xiaoyue
查看cpu64Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHHxFKYXyU9
# lscpu
查看内存64Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkO3qLs9jEN
# free -h64Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSgwLhcP4RC
# top
釋放被buff/cache占用的内存64Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgR4bQ0z1r3
# sync; echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空页面缓存64Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzagcVQeScK
# sync; echo 1 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空目录项缓存64Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡq8D81rZjYQ
# sync; echo 2 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空SLAB缓存64Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGZUAYTI7bI
# sync; echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空所有缓存64Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2NWhEw2BP6
用sudo执行：64Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4au4DtnwKx
# sudo sh -c "echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches"
64Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡuYplOqXTRF
查看硬盘64Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLphj4d6kQe
# sudo lshw -c disk64Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFxpezZLoux
查看分区64Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5uEqsAJrYq
# sudo fdisk -l64Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1j6i2KBbZ3
查看磁盘剩余空间64Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmThansAwd8
# df -hl
文件壓縮和打包64Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡeVWg7TpGtu
將在windows上壓縮出的zip文件傳遞給Linux系統解壓縮時，文件名會出現亂碼，這是因爲在Windows上文件名的編碼取決於「控制面板-時鐘和區域-區域-管理-非unicode程序語言」中的設置，中國大陸默認是簡體中文，gb2312(cp936)編碼. 而在Linux系統上則統一是utf-8編碼。64Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLXg7yX5zEM
如何解決？最簡單的辦法是在解壓縮的時候說明一下原來的編碼，這樣壓縮工具就會識別出原來的文件名而自動將文件名轉爲utf8編碼, 命令如下：64Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡz79Cx2xXjC
unzip -O cp936 temp.zip
改變文件權限64Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLu9BtNYDbo
# chmod g+w <文件/目录路径>64Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡG7lQKrdpBb
# chmod -R g+w /path/to/directory64Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡg3fguNR8AC
设置所有者为 rwx，组为 r-x，其他用户为 r--：64Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡT4gL7WWPw2
# chmod 755 <文件/目录路径>
u：所有者（user）。64Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡx3dUzvS2JD
g：所属组（group）。64Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6L4RyrbiEc
o：其他用户（others）。64Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡP3vLkf3cSi
a：所有用户（u、g、o）。64Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtP43cHqasC
操作符：64Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDTxLoAwLwV
+：添加权限。64Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSxm26hQ0Ai
-：移除权限。64Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3Oep1iNzb8
=：设置权限。64Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLo2uTzHMeI
權限：64Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLGSNbNvzCG
r（读） = 464Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFX7HfKOGKn
w（写） = 264Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJFzNck9Vyq
x（执行） = 164Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ143Wzl2vPn
-（无权限） = 064Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡny0cRWM842
通过加法得到最终的权限值。例如：64Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPJ7MetZYrC
7 = rwx（4 + 2 + 1）64Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡrmfIiTT3P4
5 = r-x（4 + 1）64Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡAuD2ukBVth
6 = rw-（4 + 2）64Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1mo3RRTNgd
64Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡrsumIJ4fHb
I. 创建自定义命令
# nano ~/.bash_aliases64Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwos3Dy7T6b
添加alias, 比如：64Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2HexA0IglV
alias gitbuda='gitbuda() { git add -A; git commit -m "$1"; git push; }; gitbuda'64Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡaRicHjpcwB
其中$1表示命令的第一个参数，这样就可以用 gitbuda "commit message"来运行命令64Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxyipGbRUsC
# source ~/.bash_aliases
Section X. Thanks
https://ubuntu.com
64Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡz0XCdRo3EF
Section Y. Contacts Me
If you found any errors or have any suggestions for this article, please let me know, my wechat: si_jinmin, my email: si.jinmin@gmail.com64Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNSOcdQT3Yl
如果您发现本文有任何错误，或者对本文有好的建议，欢迎与我联系探讨，我的微信: si_jinmin, 我的email: si.jinmin@gmail.com
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