A. 下载iso文件，制作启动U盘
aria2c -x 4 -s 12 "https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-releases/24.04/ubuntu-24.04-desktop-amd64.iso" "https://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu-releases/24.04/ubuntu-24.04-desktop-amd64.iso" "https://mirrors.zju.edu.cn/ubuntu-releases/24.04/ubuntu-24.04-desktop-amd64.iso"
安装启动盘制作软件rufus97Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7hfKMSTfBR
https://github.com/pbatard/rufus/releases/download/v4.5/rufus-4.5.exe97Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFBDXiiPtrB
U盘的容量必须大于7G，在rufus中选择U盘, iso文件，MBR分区类型，NTFS文件格式，点击开始，选择以ISO镜像模式写入。
官方参考资料：97Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvk2f9mbGAv
https://ubuntu.com/tutorials/create-a-usb-stick-on-windows#1-overview
97Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡV5kPFdoOX7
B. 安装ubuntu
从U盘启动电脑97Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0o5ZdeL8mi
try or install ubuntu97Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡO3DxRnCeCD
choose your language: english97Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡuIK05Ktm45
accessibility in ubuntu: next97Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBdf3M2TgpR
select your keyboard layout: english(US)97Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPmgHOJEPdp
connect to the internet: connect to a wi-fi network97Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnAmnLLQgLH
install ubuntu97Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡg3xPWMraDO
interactive installation97Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡiF2RvXsC3v
extended selection97Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtevpbI5yxy
check: install third-party software for graphics and wi-fi hardware97Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ54iCDxi0eT
check: download and install support for additional media formats97Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRx7jnhkefB
erase disk and install ubuntu97Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbwTGjCSKbg
choose sdb97Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJufEv7X4KV
your name: buda 97Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZu5z989i5e
your computer's name: vultr97Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡafTzGcpFF4
your username: buda 97Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKjQOgz0nsV
timezone: shanghai97Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSYsZTVw9GQ
install97Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡcCnxnFYgop
restart now97Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡd8JR6yGDNC
拔出U盘, 按enter键
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C. 初始化設置
点击左下角ubuntu图标进入开始菜单，将terminal pin to dash97Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvekxN7sZIy
# sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y
安装常用工具, 開發编译环境97Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡuFN1RjcF0P
# sudo apt install nano net-tools build-essential gdb git glibc-source unzip openssl libssl-dev libzip-dev aria2 lsof97Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjOYgUhwjyW
# cd /usr/src/glibc97Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYFtZZKMq8G
# tar xvf glibc-2.39.tar.xz97Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDjTlQEi3u7
在gdb中指定glibc的源代碼：97Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJIgE8D9kKI
gdb> directory /usr/src/glibc/glibc-2.39
將用戶加入root組97Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvmlZB4fGOo
# usermod -a -G root buda97Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡA9MnbM3Gm1
# groups buda
黑屏时间设置：15分钟无操作后黑屏97Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡx9uCZZQySg
点左下角进入开始菜单, search "power", click " (settings) Power" blank screen: 15 mins
apt search rethinkdb97Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTrQAbxqMtA
apt show rethinkdb97Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡaYwJqLWaSY
apt remove rethinkdb97Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡB02SdG0xyw
cd /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ #进入PPA源文件所在目录97Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOg7BosBL2m
sudo rm XXX.list #删除一个PPA源list文件97Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡavRKhXISD3
sudo apt update
97Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBBMIOTJNjt
D. 安裝中文輸入法rime
# sudo apt install ibus-rime rime-data-luna-pinyin97Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGfwKxsquHs
点击左下角进入开始菜单，选择settings, keyboard，+ add input source...，others, chinese(rime)97Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡW5N6Mz3FuJ
点击chinese(rime)右边的小竖点，move up，将chinese(rime)移到Input Sources列表的第一行97Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡL012AMBDne
编辑配置文件97Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡyF1YfMrsK1
一次显示9个候选词、模糊音97Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbGUqRCKPvN
# nano ~/.config/ibus/rime/default.custom.yaml97Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVO0mb34SQm
---------default.custom.yaml的内容如下-----------97Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTXs8IBdibR
patch:97Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgiq7KTNYdU
"menu/page_size": 9
'speller/algebra':97Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvEXrON7ncv
- erase/^xx$/ # 第一行保留
# 模糊音定義97Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWEBo3lDBkd
- derive/^([zcs])h/$1/ # zh, ch, sh => z, c, s97Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4sLPZ5t5Wi
- derive/^([zcs])([^h])/$1h$2/ # z, c, s => zh, ch, sh
- derive/^n/l/ # n => l97Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLaCISd3rYw
- derive/^l/n/ # l => n
- derive/([ei])n$/$1ng/ # en => eng, in => ing97Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡT8u03AlOS2
- derive/([ei])ng$/$1n/ # eng => en, ing => in97Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡlvPfD9IN2O
--------------------------------------------------------------97Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ39bAz4JNtC
为了使模糊音生效，拷贝配置文件97Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjNW19JL932
# cp default.custom.yaml luna_pinyin_simp.custom.yaml && cp default.custom.yaml luna_pinyin.custom.yaml97Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡaYoQ9ZCN8T
部署rime输入法：97Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡF4t2aHhAlI
# ibus restart97Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCYs5eVL4AH
# ibus engine rime97Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡeCagITvos7
在输入时按F4或者Ctrl+\`可弹出菜单，选择菜单上的数字可进行简繁输入转换97Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQVtmf6jf0z
按shift键进行中英输入转换97Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡsBGdC0oYzc
有时候输入法失效时，可以重新运行一下部署rime的命令
参考资料：97Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGsfaceTN0G
CustomizationGuide · rime/home Wiki · GitHub97Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVwOSzoBxGO
https://www.cnblogs.com/keatonlao/p/12983158.html
97Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡeWGat68RxW
E. 安裝重要軟件
从code官网下载deb包，然后安装97Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzXmik2odvw
# sudo apt install ./code_1.90.0-1717531825_amd64.deb
gimp图片编辑器, chromium浏览器97Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHEsBY1ghT0
从app center安装
墙内安装node/npm97Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡd4JRg0dq9m
https://nodejs.org/en/ 下载LTS版本97Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8ZtZhL3QVe
# cd ~/Downloads97Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZpCLcqHbqj
# wget https://nodejs.org/dist/v20.15.0/node-v20.15.0-linux-x64.tar.xz97Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYxcX6fZVxM
# tar --strip-components 1 -xvf node-v20.15.0-linux-x64.tar.xz -C /usr/local97Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZWzHQKTrY5
# node -v97Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnG0PWHXbsj
# npm install npm@latest -g97Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhcGSHjaZX4
# npm config get registry97Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGArebQet3C
# npm config set registry https://registry.npmmirror.com97Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0SUJgCpiL7
如果想用回官方registry:97Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvZkl5HvFhZ
# npm config set registry https://registry.npmjs.org
墙外安装node/npm97Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0n1NS7BOpa
# curl -o- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nvm-sh/nvm/v0.39.7/install.sh | bash97Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡH6HaYCMPxZ
# export NVM_DIR="$([ -z "${XDG_CONFIG_HOME-}" ] && printf %s "${HOME}/.nvm" || printf %s "${XDG_CONFIG_HOME}/nvm")"97Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡV69EmFwysP
[ -s "$NVM_DIR/nvm.sh" ] && \. "$NVM_DIR/nvm.sh" # This loads nvm97Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEw5O3nj6p0
# nvm install --lts97Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwF9dSPBIo4
# npm install npm@latest -g
安装97Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡrzowFpoA5q
npm i package_name97Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbiArxxxVL7
项目更新97Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡh97AuhlHHA
npm update
F. 配置服務器連接
1. ssh免密登录Linux服务器
在客户端检查是否存在证书97Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡaqz3cPLSkd
# ls -al ~/.ssh/id_*.pub97Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhfu2dhEtg7
如果不存在，生成证书97Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWyadRnM4t7
# ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 4096 -C "jinmin.si@outlook.com"97Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡblj7xmlWd1
生成证书的过程中使用空白的 passphrase97Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡrOWN5ZCphx
将证书拷贝到服务器97Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRBgmHpvbes
# ssh-copy-id root@server
2. 从windows登录linux
如果是从windows系统连接ubuntu，可以安装putty作为访问服务器的终端。 97Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtaVOGU3YKv
下载putty: https://www.putty.org/
putty免密登录Linux服务器的方法
在putty的安装目录找到puttygen.exe，运行生成ssl私钥和公钥，保存私钥到文件，复制公钥。97Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgwp372Spn9
在putty的 connection/data 设置登录用户名为root，connection/ssh/auth/credentials中设置私钥的文件，保存设置。97Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzr94PXZu6X
将公钥写入服务器的 ~/.ssh/authorized_keys 文件中, reboot ubuntu使修改生效97Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJEdRYxYD6f
# nano ~/.ssh/authorized_keys97Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJAXdhzuTwd
# reboot
如果想保持putty与服务器的连接保持不断线，可以在Putty中设置每隔一定的时间发一次心跳消息。
3. 保持与服务器的ssh连接不断线的方法
ssh连接服务器时如果容易断线，可以修改服务器sshd的设置，保持ssh连接不断线：97Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡM5mprOMDdx
# nano /etc/ssh/sshd_config97Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQWIKfdr5lW
ClientAliveInterval 60 # 表示每60秒发送一次请求，从而保持连接不断线。97Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ32dBFVqADZ
ClientAliveCountMax 10 # 表示服务器发出请求后客户端没有响应的次数达到10次，就自动断开连接97Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡz6TQuZejUb
# systemctl restart sshd
4. 從ubuntu remote windows用remmina
從app中心安裝remmina97Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡO4KGhXgRBz
新建connection到windows
Basic標籤97Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtvF7uHVGVZ
server: ip/domain.name, username: Administrator, password: ***97Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGzUamxojb7
share folder中填寫ubuntu中的路徑，則可從windows訪問97Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHI8GioiHoL
resolution中可設置合適的屏幕大小
Advanced標籤97Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCnUheguOey
output audio: 選擇local，則是windows發出的聲音
windows server 默認是麼有開啓聲音服務的，要設置一下才能發出聲音：97Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnfJGFzrdCE
https://cloud.tencent.com/developer/article/1894933
G. 網絡安全設置
防火墙设置97Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJzkSrZVpHa
# ufw allow 2297Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8Mo4Sx7sjN
# ufw allow 8097Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡoKWMluEWDP
# ufw allow 44397Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwVlgmb84Y3
# ufw enable97Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqqQjxE4vq1
# ufw status
H. 常用命令
创建软链接97Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5binOHNhiK
# sudo ln -s 源文件 目标文件
修改密码97Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwazbkT0pkh
# passwd root97Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡyAQSRJfcTZ
# usermod -a -G groupA username97Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUaRxtDJp3I
# groups username
修改hostname97Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡrPACcVghna
# hostnamectl set-hostname xiaoyue
查看cpu97Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡuwgn7hZwnZ
# lscpu
查看内存97Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbNcxAmxTZA
# free -h97Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡAeORjNiRI6
# top
釋放被buff/cache占用的内存97Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9sh6dvTFBS
# sync; echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空页面缓存97Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6xUk3UrnlW
# sync; echo 1 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空目录项缓存97Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8H1MqbvK36
# sync; echo 2 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空SLAB缓存97Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnOVBBjq4wa
# sync; echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空所有缓存97Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPz07OXMdDA
用sudo执行：97Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡF3UlXAQw6f
# sudo sh -c "echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches"
97Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmnycgyw4n8
查看硬盘97Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMudvuG3gVR
# sudo lshw -c disk97Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDhBzKbO0fU
查看分区97Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmechm1BqIa
# sudo fdisk -l97Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡd8VThnOBz9
查看磁盘剩余空间97Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvHxgG1bA0n
# df -hl
文件壓縮和打包97Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRCbAM5dm2U
將在windows上壓縮出的zip文件傳遞給Linux系統解壓縮時，文件名會出現亂碼，這是因爲在Windows上文件名的編碼取決於「控制面板-時鐘和區域-區域-管理-非unicode程序語言」中的設置，中國大陸默認是簡體中文，gb2312(cp936)編碼. 而在Linux系統上則統一是utf-8編碼。97Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqPTBLKrOK5
如何解決？最簡單的辦法是在解壓縮的時候說明一下原來的編碼，這樣壓縮工具就會識別出原來的文件名而自動將文件名轉爲utf8編碼, 命令如下：97Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwDZ5rvlC8i
unzip -O cp936 temp.zip
改變文件權限97Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ81QjZkHvNp
# chmod g+w <文件/目录路径>97Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡsElbUrLdaV
# chmod -R g+w /path/to/directory97Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡn7GCTk5sdP
设置所有者为 rwx，组为 r-x，其他用户为 r--：97Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvlIhjm9Vp3
# chmod 755 <文件/目录路径>
u：所有者（user）。97Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYOpcPkYBAy
g：所属组（group）。97Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTdjUUGyAI9
o：其他用户（others）。97Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ10KSIgtQWH
a：所有用户（u、g、o）。97Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRcsab4Nv1M
操作符：97Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzHu3EAoZ5b
+：添加权限。97Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡsvOjBZ7JFi
-：移除权限。97Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEnEzJmxjaY
=：设置权限。97Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCAmaWcn8JK
權限：97Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCEsPW58qNC
r（读） = 497Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡeylaibRJrz
w（写） = 297Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡg2tVbfSG8x
x（执行） = 197Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxeuF8dDwGB
-（无权限） = 097Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTflC5anwUo
通过加法得到最终的权限值。例如：97Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHsTQJ0k876
7 = rwx（4 + 2 + 1）97Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQABRbmz2tC
5 = r-x（4 + 1）97Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtQAfO1MYiu
6 = rw-（4 + 2）97Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡx3ACNvPDaX
97Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRyXWcIHs1P
I. 创建自定义命令
# nano ~/.bash_aliases97Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4V63g6epHk
添加alias, 比如：97Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡieqjssCTfX
alias gitbuda='gitbuda() { git add -A; git commit -m "$1"; git push; }; gitbuda'97Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7gxcUCJAUh
其中$1表示命令的第一个参数，这样就可以用 gitbuda "commit message"来运行命令97Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡubDannprUw
# source ~/.bash_aliases
Section X. Thanks
https://ubuntu.com
97Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡaB3GNimNXd
Section Y. Contacts Me
If you found any errors or have any suggestions for this article, please let me know, my wechat: si_jinmin, my email: si.jinmin@gmail.com97Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4FyICOdLuF
如果您发现本文有任何错误，或者对本文有好的建议，欢迎与我联系探讨，我的微信: si_jinmin, 我的email: si.jinmin@gmail.com
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