A. 下载iso文件，制作启动U盘
aria2c -x 4 -s 12 "https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-releases/24.04/ubuntu-24.04-desktop-amd64.iso" "https://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu-releases/24.04/ubuntu-24.04-desktop-amd64.iso" "https://mirrors.zju.edu.cn/ubuntu-releases/24.04/ubuntu-24.04-desktop-amd64.iso"
安装启动盘制作软件rufus46Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0jnaujDQPu
https://github.com/pbatard/rufus/releases/download/v4.5/rufus-4.5.exe46Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdgdsJ3Z2Ek
U盘的容量必须大于7G，在rufus中选择U盘, iso文件，MBR分区类型，NTFS文件格式，点击开始，选择以ISO镜像模式写入。
官方参考资料：46Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡse8OhPnkr0
https://ubuntu.com/tutorials/create-a-usb-stick-on-windows#1-overview
46Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4L3iFroVAI
B. 安装ubuntu
从U盘启动电脑46Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡskXqoqwaJy
try or install ubuntu46Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdxCJodirDQ
choose your language: english46Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwOWQE6RlMS
accessibility in ubuntu: next46Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡU7T8YfOmuZ
select your keyboard layout: english(US)46Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjBKnE0dOF5
connect to the internet: connect to a wi-fi network46Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4u430CecD7
install ubuntu46Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ10GpLa5C5u
interactive installation46Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡayqcyvyPbr
extended selection46Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCmrMNvOGMs
check: install third-party software for graphics and wi-fi hardware46Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHvEWFtwTwx
check: download and install support for additional media formats46Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡiV50oBpAiD
erase disk and install ubuntu46Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡk8XHbDHR1Z
choose sdb46Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOdlr3THXlW
your name: buda 46Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡulHbtKqFBe
your computer's name: vultr46Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTchFTH8469
your username: buda 46Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQO1U4gHbJ1
timezone: shanghai46Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPBUN9vlzcN
install46Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYa3c31xOGk
restart now46Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpRwWql73do
拔出U盘, 按enter键
46Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6ow9i60XEq
C. 初始化設置
点击左下角ubuntu图标进入开始菜单，将terminal pin to dash46Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFjK6RqOj9Y
# sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y
安装常用工具, 開發编译环境46Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡuavkPxKomN
# sudo apt install nano net-tools build-essential gdb git glibc-source unzip openssl libssl-dev libzip-dev aria2 lsof46Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVM7PihV46Q
# cd /usr/src/glibc46Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXi3JHKcOaA
# tar xvf glibc-2.39.tar.xz46Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡh3WmgJMH1s
在gdb中指定glibc的源代碼：46Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡIxgMWqxAbx
gdb> directory /usr/src/glibc/glibc-2.39
將用戶加入root組46Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡc1FvYKz3UK
# usermod -a -G root buda46Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWyeiVGJXCc
# groups buda
黑屏时间设置：15分钟无操作后黑屏46Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9GQloqW9dU
点左下角进入开始菜单, search "power", click " (settings) Power" blank screen: 15 mins
apt search rethinkdb46Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpg176x1zAS
apt show rethinkdb46Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8OEgQ4WJIT
apt remove rethinkdb46Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡuShr06hDbB
cd /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ #进入PPA源文件所在目录46Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡo93Ky5m3sb
sudo rm XXX.list #删除一个PPA源list文件46Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmE9RNSsint
sudo apt update
46Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWKYG67eaw4
D. 安裝中文輸入法rime
# sudo apt install ibus-rime rime-data-luna-pinyin46Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1QLFgYsTqM
点击左下角进入开始菜单，选择settings, keyboard，+ add input source...，others, chinese(rime)46Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡrXiyra6z2Z
点击chinese(rime)右边的小竖点，move up，将chinese(rime)移到Input Sources列表的第一行46Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLyTUva2Tpm
编辑配置文件46Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡewf9E6VKca
一次显示9个候选词、模糊音46Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡr8RxMTl8sq
# nano ~/.config/ibus/rime/default.custom.yaml46Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCqEGg1zRVb
---------default.custom.yaml的内容如下-----------46Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡiwp5hvTOHM
patch:46Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxW2tL2PCmd
"menu/page_size": 9
'speller/algebra':46Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5KDTlvdQFZ
- erase/^xx$/ # 第一行保留
# 模糊音定義46Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUGcp6MxjKw
- derive/^([zcs])h/$1/ # zh, ch, sh => z, c, s46Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxBBLB36ML1
- derive/^([zcs])([^h])/$1h$2/ # z, c, s => zh, ch, sh
- derive/^n/l/ # n => l46Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡAY5jF7udDA
- derive/^l/n/ # l => n
- derive/([ei])n$/$1ng/ # en => eng, in => ing46Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkHwzpbLKAM
- derive/([ei])ng$/$1n/ # eng => en, ing => in46Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBfoJyAm3ol
--------------------------------------------------------------46Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdIDLzizamj
为了使模糊音生效，拷贝配置文件46Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡoG33LgqLu8
# cp default.custom.yaml luna_pinyin_simp.custom.yaml && cp default.custom.yaml luna_pinyin.custom.yaml46Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1UOawGSzUS
部署rime输入法：46Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnAaHb4XyKb
# ibus restart46Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOdG1VqKiRY
# ibus engine rime46Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvgLw8WNodj
在输入时按F4或者Ctrl+\`可弹出菜单，选择菜单上的数字可进行简繁输入转换46Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡB5qO07HBEF
按shift键进行中英输入转换46Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwBRcCL5VB9
有时候输入法失效时，可以重新运行一下部署rime的命令
参考资料：46Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡIqto4dWYGG
CustomizationGuide · rime/home Wiki · GitHub46Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡroKkRfxMxp
https://www.cnblogs.com/keatonlao/p/12983158.html
46Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgyCKpOTBLv
E. 安裝重要軟件
从code官网下载deb包，然后安装46Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLTLJxL3BKA
# sudo apt install ./code_1.90.0-1717531825_amd64.deb
gimp图片编辑器, chromium浏览器46Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUYpUOn1bT7
从app center安装
墙内安装node/npm46Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGcYKJXjUaj
https://nodejs.org/en/ 下载LTS版本46Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡf79ZOgxMnO
# cd ~/Downloads46Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3ZFQPXdOO7
# wget https://nodejs.org/dist/v20.15.0/node-v20.15.0-linux-x64.tar.xz46Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYwBus14pjd
# tar --strip-components 1 -xvf node-v20.15.0-linux-x64.tar.xz -C /usr/local46Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHFNtyqLamH
# node -v46Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzepgk1DNsN
# npm install npm@latest -g46Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡIrQeK2veD8
# npm config get registry46Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSq1OS1UmOy
# npm config set registry https://registry.npmmirror.com46Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYgDI2u7Oye
如果想用回官方registry:46Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡD2i0vgVySy
# npm config set registry https://registry.npmjs.org
墙外安装node/npm46Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡrykXmHAyE9
# curl -o- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nvm-sh/nvm/v0.39.7/install.sh | bash46Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡk0itLdLmFB
# export NVM_DIR="$([ -z "${XDG_CONFIG_HOME-}" ] && printf %s "${HOME}/.nvm" || printf %s "${XDG_CONFIG_HOME}/nvm")"46Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWkgTU48kSC
[ -s "$NVM_DIR/nvm.sh" ] && \. "$NVM_DIR/nvm.sh" # This loads nvm46Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ72BHcQ4jii
# nvm install --lts46Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWBKYyFTR1a
# npm install npm@latest -g
安装46Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡp8zKhdxi5g
npm i package_name46Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxKLdMk6vHq
项目更新46Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡcQm5pwKrHR
npm update
F. 配置服務器連接
1. ssh免密登录Linux服务器
在客户端检查是否存在证书46Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMdG3jHm5Jb
# ls -al ~/.ssh/id_*.pub46Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡyPiaLr0tTv
如果不存在，生成证书46Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxY88E7NLEc
# ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 4096 -C "jinmin.si@outlook.com"46Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡoPXVDQ7XrQ
生成证书的过程中使用空白的 passphrase46Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8iV5feVeRZ
将证书拷贝到服务器46Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxJ3oIMapij
# ssh-copy-id root@server
2. 从windows登录linux
如果是从windows系统连接ubuntu，可以安装putty作为访问服务器的终端。 46Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDkfDigfVb6
下载putty: https://www.putty.org/
putty免密登录Linux服务器的方法
在putty的安装目录找到puttygen.exe，运行生成ssl私钥和公钥，保存私钥到文件，复制公钥。46Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdA0JFt4ntK
在putty的 connection/data 设置登录用户名为root，connection/ssh/auth/credentials中设置私钥的文件，保存设置。46Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSklF9HGa5z
将公钥写入服务器的 ~/.ssh/authorized_keys 文件中, reboot ubuntu使修改生效46Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡicgZMPwTKJ
# nano ~/.ssh/authorized_keys46Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡL1lBYGUjy7
# reboot
如果想保持putty与服务器的连接保持不断线，可以在Putty中设置每隔一定的时间发一次心跳消息。
3. 保持与服务器的ssh连接不断线的方法
ssh连接服务器时如果容易断线，可以修改服务器sshd的设置，保持ssh连接不断线：46Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡC0UICk5s1j
# nano /etc/ssh/sshd_config46Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡi8fzOqbeEC
ClientAliveInterval 60 # 表示每60秒发送一次请求，从而保持连接不断线。46Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVWH0nFcCWE
ClientAliveCountMax 10 # 表示服务器发出请求后客户端没有响应的次数达到10次，就自动断开连接46Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQEWTCWW7tI
# systemctl restart sshd
4. 從ubuntu remote windows用remmina
從app中心安裝remmina46Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOVYyLbIjgr
新建connection到windows
Basic標籤46Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfPoTVTbNuX
server: ip/domain.name, username: Administrator, password: ***46Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4wwASHRg3W
share folder中填寫ubuntu中的路徑，則可從windows訪問46Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBeeV2AoHXT
resolution中可設置合適的屏幕大小
Advanced標籤46Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8dn5730E2j
output audio: 選擇local，則是windows發出的聲音
windows server 默認是麼有開啓聲音服務的，要設置一下才能發出聲音：46Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡAcE89xZBQN
https://cloud.tencent.com/developer/article/1894933
G. 網絡安全設置
防火墙设置46Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBIdqZk51hn
# ufw allow 2246Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡq0ItI74Kxo
# ufw allow 8046Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡIb1ypY2Ldl
# ufw allow 44346Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHEIAezh8NM
# ufw enable46Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLmcldlMLXY
# ufw status
H. 常用命令
创建软链接46Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡa5KV6ZmC8L
# sudo ln -s 源文件 目标文件
修改密码46Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkm87nEM6lk
# passwd root46Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjYK8ElLVyy
# usermod -a -G groupA username46Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnh2nNjxS2O
# groups username
修改hostname46Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡe2JXeSyDOE
# hostnamectl set-hostname xiaoyue
查看cpu46Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡli18S9XSfs
# lscpu
查看内存46Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQ1CsOuq7Jr
# free -h46Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8zpS6pmxyl
# top
釋放被buff/cache占用的内存46Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWheLGCfxsv
# sync; echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空页面缓存46Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvbqcBZRzG6
# sync; echo 1 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空目录项缓存46Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkv5rBYcsIs
# sync; echo 2 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空SLAB缓存46Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKVyD97zkoQ
# sync; echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空所有缓存46Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZXnrzJykc0
用sudo执行：46Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3PxNTE5eNb
# sudo sh -c "echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches"
46Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSKDR28Vel8
查看硬盘46Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRKUNs2JrfO
# sudo lshw -c disk46Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPBi4piGwPX
查看分区46Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhvkuB6Mnrf
# sudo fdisk -l46Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6q23P9Cf3Q
查看磁盘剩余空间46Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡsuqkxdsHyu
# df -hl
文件壓縮和打包46Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxcFwmiUebG
將在windows上壓縮出的zip文件傳遞給Linux系統解壓縮時，文件名會出現亂碼，這是因爲在Windows上文件名的編碼取決於「控制面板-時鐘和區域-區域-管理-非unicode程序語言」中的設置，中國大陸默認是簡體中文，gb2312(cp936)編碼. 而在Linux系統上則統一是utf-8編碼。46Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUq8DwZBLOf
如何解決？最簡單的辦法是在解壓縮的時候說明一下原來的編碼，這樣壓縮工具就會識別出原來的文件名而自動將文件名轉爲utf8編碼, 命令如下：46Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡA9mWhaMbZG
unzip -O cp936 temp.zip
改變文件權限46Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡN22uU76Bo9
# chmod g+w <文件/目录路径>46Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqJgQOfLy7E
# chmod -R g+w /path/to/directory46Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡctODWoc5S3
设置所有者为 rwx，组为 r-x，其他用户为 r--：46Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVtRWCTHSNG
# chmod 755 <文件/目录路径>
u：所有者（user）。46Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOet4Q3Shhy
g：所属组（group）。46Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwR0s1vWUfV
o：其他用户（others）。46Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRsVhnTAj0d
a：所有用户（u、g、o）。46Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0hN0i4Pcc2
操作符：46Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVfthErkeBy
+：添加权限。46Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDPi7HP7jmc
-：移除权限。46Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡde2HDC5yqZ
=：设置权限。46Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYRRj9AZP80
權限：46Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPsrOGj1rv9
r（读） = 446Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1zmTxgGiTT
w（写） = 246Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXU7aklkO9y
x（执行） = 146Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡrYx36m9kqn
-（无权限） = 046Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡB3SoLaRJH4
通过加法得到最终的权限值。例如：46Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡveTpa2prN8
7 = rwx（4 + 2 + 1）46Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEBVDieqdZL
5 = r-x（4 + 1）46Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7lb2fFtYjF
6 = rw-（4 + 2）46Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡl6UWRBcIRM
46Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2dUq8AYOnw
I. 创建自定义命令
# nano ~/.bash_aliases46Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4Z9PIFFeOi
添加alias, 比如：46Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡiVv9XDYAU5
alias gitbuda='gitbuda() { git add -A; git commit -m "$1"; git push; }; gitbuda'46Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9ChNPhLDVh
其中$1表示命令的第一个参数，这样就可以用 gitbuda "commit message"来运行命令46Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7WHLbgjJ4T
# source ~/.bash_aliases
Section X. Thanks
https://ubuntu.com
46Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWVLxYAYExE
Section Y. Contacts Me
If you found any errors or have any suggestions for this article, please let me know, my wechat: si_jinmin, my email: si.jinmin@gmail.com46Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzErREPoKXX
如果您发现本文有任何错误，或者对本文有好的建议，欢迎与我联系探讨，我的微信: si_jinmin, 我的email: si.jinmin@gmail.com
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ns 15.158.61.48da2
