A. 下载iso文件，制作启动U盘
aria2c -x 4 -s 12 "https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-releases/24.04/ubuntu-24.04-desktop-amd64.iso" "https://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu-releases/24.04/ubuntu-24.04-desktop-amd64.iso" "https://mirrors.zju.edu.cn/ubuntu-releases/24.04/ubuntu-24.04-desktop-amd64.iso"
安装启动盘制作软件rufus57Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnPaXCsaGDJ
https://github.com/pbatard/rufus/releases/download/v4.5/rufus-4.5.exe57Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgksDHbfkXi
U盘的容量必须大于7G，在rufus中选择U盘, iso文件，MBR分区类型，NTFS文件格式，点击开始，选择以ISO镜像模式写入。
官方参考资料：57Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡcIqw4pnbzb
https://ubuntu.com/tutorials/create-a-usb-stick-on-windows#1-overview
57Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhQPM2k4nPa
B. 安装ubuntu
从U盘启动电脑57Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ93qj4i4Bpe
try or install ubuntu57Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDkgAs0fkWv
choose your language: english57Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRgGbRI0ryO
accessibility in ubuntu: next57Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡoeQj09v712
select your keyboard layout: english(US)57Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJCOiaWcyym
connect to the internet: connect to a wi-fi network57Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7ZVJ7Pydrh
install ubuntu57Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZCsxFJFJ7A
interactive installation57Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡrFYkVppW3h
extended selection57Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡisgzIJpAlf
check: install third-party software for graphics and wi-fi hardware57Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡooCeplHOLZ
check: download and install support for additional media formats57Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6srZ8svLWt
erase disk and install ubuntu57Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡC98O1rAfwp
choose sdb57Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkKKSEjOX8s
your name: buda 57Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡq4OyRTkta3
your computer's name: vultr57Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡb9mjIGbOCl
your username: buda 57Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJdpSMrwCwd
timezone: shanghai57Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhKSrGhacKm
install57Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡrZdOvNSYnl
restart now57Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqTKuTiiwBS
拔出U盘, 按enter键
57Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHsdHAVKaU5
C. 初始化設置
点击左下角ubuntu图标进入开始菜单，将terminal pin to dash57Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡd48rL02Zmt
# sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y
安装常用工具, 開發编译环境57Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDC1XIK4LG9
# sudo apt install nano net-tools build-essential gdb git glibc-source unzip openssl libssl-dev libzip-dev aria2 lsof57Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhWmRZ4U2XI
# cd /usr/src/glibc57Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡIfoUrtdMBs
# tar xvf glibc-2.39.tar.xz57Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpJ43LOtjC3
在gdb中指定glibc的源代碼：57Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGFTPoVf7jR
gdb> directory /usr/src/glibc/glibc-2.39
將用戶加入root組57Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCIJgZupqZn
# usermod -a -G root buda57Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3UBFsHd4O9
# groups buda
黑屏时间设置：15分钟无操作后黑屏57Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhRZUBdIj3M
点左下角进入开始菜单, search "power", click " (settings) Power" blank screen: 15 mins
apt search rethinkdb57Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhl3xlLx7pq
apt show rethinkdb57Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡc5hcdu4v5M
apt remove rethinkdb57Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5zP6QjXRvG
cd /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ #进入PPA源文件所在目录57Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmkct4emziu
sudo rm XXX.list #删除一个PPA源list文件57Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡstJlQfkej0
sudo apt update
57Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡehhMeEvqWW
D. 安裝中文輸入法rime
# sudo apt install ibus-rime rime-data-luna-pinyin57Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLeWwbvPMnL
点击左下角进入开始菜单，选择settings, keyboard，+ add input source...，others, chinese(rime)57Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpt4Jnl7vzv
点击chinese(rime)右边的小竖点，move up，将chinese(rime)移到Input Sources列表的第一行57Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡAuJyxNXdhr
编辑配置文件57Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxMSbe5tFYN
一次显示9个候选词、模糊音57Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkzuJHZeu1r
# nano ~/.config/ibus/rime/default.custom.yaml57Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡcZKMVXI8Db
---------default.custom.yaml的内容如下-----------57Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtvIFJFkB2N
patch:57Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡljDbcSk8Eu
"menu/page_size": 9
'speller/algebra':57Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXaoapwoiuV
- erase/^xx$/ # 第一行保留
# 模糊音定義57Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡeoqC9Chqgi
- derive/^([zcs])h/$1/ # zh, ch, sh => z, c, s57Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFvGmhob6Xr
- derive/^([zcs])([^h])/$1h$2/ # z, c, s => zh, ch, sh
- derive/^n/l/ # n => l57Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMqzUd3AYfy
- derive/^l/n/ # l => n
- derive/([ei])n$/$1ng/ # en => eng, in => ing57Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡc22X8EqR5j
- derive/([ei])ng$/$1n/ # eng => en, ing => in57Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTS1HhPb6aK
--------------------------------------------------------------57Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡH7Ak5Ab72w
为了使模糊音生效，拷贝配置文件57Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMHuVHMbLaJ
# cp default.custom.yaml luna_pinyin_simp.custom.yaml && cp default.custom.yaml luna_pinyin.custom.yaml57Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbTxTKxGwwz
部署rime输入法：57Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOlbceXUsED
# ibus restart57Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡoPrJKYgT8D
# ibus engine rime57Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡrhlMSQl9nv
在输入时按F4或者Ctrl+\`可弹出菜单，选择菜单上的数字可进行简繁输入转换57Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOMa2i62iAe
按shift键进行中英输入转换57Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjR04v3p3Gl
有时候输入法失效时，可以重新运行一下部署rime的命令
参考资料：57Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡoprMbNL4UU
CustomizationGuide · rime/home Wiki · GitHub57Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOvyL5ae87y
https://www.cnblogs.com/keatonlao/p/12983158.html
57Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5eZnsraLLj
E. 安裝重要軟件
从code官网下载deb包，然后安装57Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡIbWcHbENXz
# sudo apt install ./code_1.90.0-1717531825_amd64.deb
gimp图片编辑器, chromium浏览器57Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3gwuEqKhGQ
从app center安装
墙内安装node/npm57Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEKVtJLYjub
https://nodejs.org/en/ 下载LTS版本57Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡekugMlcoDu
# cd ~/Downloads57Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnXwbuSf2K2
# wget https://nodejs.org/dist/v20.15.0/node-v20.15.0-linux-x64.tar.xz57Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡL3C4eHrwM8
# tar --strip-components 1 -xvf node-v20.15.0-linux-x64.tar.xz -C /usr/local57Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQVOXRVRHAm
# node -v57Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCs3ew8enWB
# npm install npm@latest -g57Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡE1rzjAWxJw
# npm config get registry57Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbIimev1b8T
# npm config set registry https://registry.npmmirror.com57Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgsJqAQYpr9
如果想用回官方registry:57Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡlApa9UX9gU
# npm config set registry https://registry.npmjs.org
墙外安装node/npm57Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6sLjV05HqK
# curl -o- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nvm-sh/nvm/v0.39.7/install.sh | bash57Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkZptUDxsG7
# export NVM_DIR="$([ -z "${XDG_CONFIG_HOME-}" ] && printf %s "${HOME}/.nvm" || printf %s "${XDG_CONFIG_HOME}/nvm")"57Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡn19XETBP1V
[ -s "$NVM_DIR/nvm.sh" ] && \. "$NVM_DIR/nvm.sh" # This loads nvm57Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJQ9uYMHj3c
# nvm install --lts57Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡI4AZolBo9J
# npm install npm@latest -g
安装57Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡAtHshK6nLU
npm i package_name57Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡu5UKkITEtM
项目更新57Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtuuQNl2et9
npm update
F. 配置服務器連接
1. ssh免密登录Linux服务器
在客户端检查是否存在证书57Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡk8ODGcWMdU
# ls -al ~/.ssh/id_*.pub57Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmvo15icVaR
如果不存在，生成证书57Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkd8OXMgfdP
# ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 4096 -C "jinmin.si@outlook.com"57Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8Mx3xAS2iF
生成证书的过程中使用空白的 passphrase57Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHTCAwlcssc
将证书拷贝到服务器57Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡeWtJiZwrBM
# ssh-copy-id root@server
2. 从windows登录linux
如果是从windows系统连接ubuntu，可以安装putty作为访问服务器的终端。 57Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkooFc9NaZb
下载putty: https://www.putty.org/
putty免密登录Linux服务器的方法
在putty的安装目录找到puttygen.exe，运行生成ssl私钥和公钥，保存私钥到文件，复制公钥。57Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡX8b6EhBaqc
在putty的 connection/data 设置登录用户名为root，connection/ssh/auth/credentials中设置私钥的文件，保存设置。57Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbePkenZ4wc
将公钥写入服务器的 ~/.ssh/authorized_keys 文件中, reboot ubuntu使修改生效57Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCCrNGMgNmK
# nano ~/.ssh/authorized_keys57Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWeO79m1rg3
# reboot
如果想保持putty与服务器的连接保持不断线，可以在Putty中设置每隔一定的时间发一次心跳消息。
3. 保持与服务器的ssh连接不断线的方法
ssh连接服务器时如果容易断线，可以修改服务器sshd的设置，保持ssh连接不断线：57Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡAoDPr0a9p2
# nano /etc/ssh/sshd_config57Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡaBrX7q3PEw
ClientAliveInterval 60 # 表示每60秒发送一次请求，从而保持连接不断线。57Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7umXeDRHhp
ClientAliveCountMax 10 # 表示服务器发出请求后客户端没有响应的次数达到10次，就自动断开连接57Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWICONXXI2f
# systemctl restart sshd
4. 從ubuntu remote windows用remmina
從app中心安裝remmina57Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0qQRNvHJyM
新建connection到windows
Basic標籤57Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSMMfTrnI7l
server: ip/domain.name, username: Administrator, password: ***57Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCfRtoWFekN
share folder中填寫ubuntu中的路徑，則可從windows訪問57Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbJjDyBMP0J
resolution中可設置合適的屏幕大小
Advanced標籤57Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡiNXjHJ09Oj
output audio: 選擇local，則是windows發出的聲音
windows server 默認是麼有開啓聲音服務的，要設置一下才能發出聲音：57Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡL4nXSKqkJU
https://cloud.tencent.com/developer/article/1894933
G. 網絡安全設置
防火墙设置57Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡywQTvIWgKz
# ufw allow 2257Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5ANq9HKJeW
# ufw allow 8057Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzk8Pb67XDp
# ufw allow 44357Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBRJdgLULkX
# ufw enable57Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfIXy6Nn3dw
# ufw status
H. 常用命令
创建软链接57Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZ7unBK7IoX
# sudo ln -s 源文件 目标文件
修改密码57Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFGu8OLT0pn
# passwd root57Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡR30tgwXYXu
# usermod -a -G groupA username57Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZ7fbMbyxeZ
# groups username
修改hostname57Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8kI8uI9u2N
# hostnamectl set-hostname xiaoyue
查看cpu57Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRy2O5rzpYn
# lscpu
查看内存57Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjpcRGtJZBt
# free -h57Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgcEACbFlox
# top
釋放被buff/cache占用的内存57Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡV7eBiA7YHm
# sync; echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空页面缓存57Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡATLzk8ND1e
# sync; echo 1 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空目录项缓存57Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjiyITZ8k23
# sync; echo 2 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空SLAB缓存57Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7bhluIK9Tq
# sync; echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空所有缓存57Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡameueZ714X
用sudo执行：57Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡIPJMmPiOM4
# sudo sh -c "echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches"
57Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡlJnp7QhVMM
查看硬盘57Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhFpXzhwkPw
# sudo lshw -c disk57Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJCqOWBNsZm
查看分区57Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ435uOKSM7u
# sudo fdisk -l57Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡq6H3Zkka7w
查看磁盘剩余空间57Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡIAMPVOG0FJ
# df -hl
文件壓縮和打包57Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDtq16h9w1n
將在windows上壓縮出的zip文件傳遞給Linux系統解壓縮時，文件名會出現亂碼，這是因爲在Windows上文件名的編碼取決於「控制面板-時鐘和區域-區域-管理-非unicode程序語言」中的設置，中國大陸默認是簡體中文，gb2312(cp936)編碼. 而在Linux系統上則統一是utf-8編碼。57Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2uf1OzWrhX
如何解決？最簡單的辦法是在解壓縮的時候說明一下原來的編碼，這樣壓縮工具就會識別出原來的文件名而自動將文件名轉爲utf8編碼, 命令如下：57Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhG1NVfuZjt
unzip -O cp936 temp.zip
改變文件權限57Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡacAU627nPF
# chmod g+w <文件/目录路径>57Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDXsodQlJYE
# chmod -R g+w /path/to/directory57Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUIXa35z5wm
设置所有者为 rwx，组为 r-x，其他用户为 r--：57Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡenPXj3U0Qq
# chmod 755 <文件/目录路径>
u：所有者（user）。57Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2OI9CKzbma
g：所属组（group）。57Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEWTCHwYVOd
o：其他用户（others）。57Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdBa9nVTqGk
a：所有用户（u、g、o）。57Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZqADExzVaE
操作符：57Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZiDSsiVTxx
+：添加权限。57Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHqcxnARVZb
-：移除权限。57Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpRPJK4KeoN
=：设置权限。57Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCWMv4rHczZ
權限：57Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVW9SWbSATu
r（读） = 457Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdOzLi4tN6q
w（写） = 257Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHDwWIDTBx3
x（执行） = 157Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4J6eWJNIvx
-（无权限） = 057Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡm4MOd108rG
通过加法得到最终的权限值。例如：57Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡH1u2GGwtN9
7 = rwx（4 + 2 + 1）57Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7CEJHC0Zwd
5 = r-x（4 + 1）57Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡyrQ1PlCQqW
6 = rw-（4 + 2）57Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9HIerK6h1v
57Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡstdBytkYYT
I. 创建自定义命令
# nano ~/.bash_aliases57Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYpMiyFbRdK
添加alias, 比如：57Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKJ6FwAUAhW
alias gitbuda='gitbuda() { git add -A; git commit -m "$1"; git push; }; gitbuda'57Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡiKX88dAC90
其中$1表示命令的第一个参数，这样就可以用 gitbuda "commit message"来运行命令57Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgmSH7sWyj0
# source ~/.bash_aliases
Section X. Thanks
https://ubuntu.com
57Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡykMlgjNi9k
Section Y. Contacts Me
If you found any errors or have any suggestions for this article, please let me know, my wechat: si_jinmin, my email: si.jinmin@gmail.com57Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZNgvPY8syk
如果您发现本文有任何错误，或者对本文有好的建议，欢迎与我联系探讨，我的微信: si_jinmin, 我的email: si.jinmin@gmail.com
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