A. 下载iso文件，制作启动U盘
aria2c -x 4 -s 12 "https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-releases/24.04/ubuntu-24.04-desktop-amd64.iso" "https://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu-releases/24.04/ubuntu-24.04-desktop-amd64.iso" "https://mirrors.zju.edu.cn/ubuntu-releases/24.04/ubuntu-24.04-desktop-amd64.iso"
安装启动盘制作软件rufus47Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9XYr93oXT6
https://github.com/pbatard/rufus/releases/download/v4.5/rufus-4.5.exe47Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3i1Bspsdsy
U盘的容量必须大于7G，在rufus中选择U盘, iso文件，MBR分区类型，NTFS文件格式，点击开始，选择以ISO镜像模式写入。
官方参考资料：47Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3jeoStOwp2
https://ubuntu.com/tutorials/create-a-usb-stick-on-windows#1-overview
47Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3yNCc2HDTv
B. 安装ubuntu
从U盘启动电脑47Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVRXJuqQ6ZR
try or install ubuntu47Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbSnws5p8Kb
choose your language: english47Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBjEqe97imO
accessibility in ubuntu: next47Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTKhKFvrPCL
select your keyboard layout: english(US)47Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡaWguSiRk56
connect to the internet: connect to a wi-fi network47Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡonxgahBPxk
install ubuntu47Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPXmvw6nrwP
interactive installation47Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqt7nR6RxEs
extended selection47Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtKi5v3GOml
check: install third-party software for graphics and wi-fi hardware47Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQSspmeoSSz
check: download and install support for additional media formats47Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡO67Ezvtabi
erase disk and install ubuntu47Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgRiE4O7KeC
choose sdb47Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNmzXlZXHRn
your name: buda 47Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJptqGNd3RY
your computer's name: vultr47Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhvCNftwL5u
your username: buda 47Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3qMbxUqpzZ
timezone: shanghai47Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxX2t8Z3GSJ
install47Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡAtMybcUFwh
restart now47Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNp5vFFScX7
拔出U盘, 按enter键
47Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgbECATwMHV
C. 初始化設置
点击左下角ubuntu图标进入开始菜单，将terminal pin to dash47Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjYpTAeeftG
# sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y
安装常用工具, 開發编译环境47Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUTvZbxzqE5
# sudo apt install nano net-tools build-essential gdb git glibc-source unzip openssl libssl-dev libzip-dev aria2 lsof47Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBDpUrYbVdE
# cd /usr/src/glibc47Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxLF3Zz6vYf
# tar xvf glibc-2.39.tar.xz47Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ884QsxLgh9
在gdb中指定glibc的源代碼：47Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOFfz0wagZj
gdb> directory /usr/src/glibc/glibc-2.39
將用戶加入root組47Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7Ccvs7bXfp
# usermod -a -G root buda47Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡsdlDthPdOg
# groups buda
黑屏时间设置：15分钟无操作后黑屏47Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFcWcCzrDMm
点左下角进入开始菜单, search "power", click " (settings) Power" blank screen: 15 mins
apt search rethinkdb47Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNlHiC1QCRW
apt show rethinkdb47Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEY2ckA4w9c
apt remove rethinkdb47Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUZGFLzqXO1
cd /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ #进入PPA源文件所在目录47Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡR0w9WNwF0m
sudo rm XXX.list #删除一个PPA源list文件47Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ482zySG6mM
sudo apt update
47Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡp8CsC2tXNw
D. 安裝中文輸入法rime
# sudo apt install ibus-rime rime-data-luna-pinyin47Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvkdTq8h6Nc
点击左下角进入开始菜单，选择settings, keyboard，+ add input source...，others, chinese(rime)47Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmWI80O7NVP
点击chinese(rime)右边的小竖点，move up，将chinese(rime)移到Input Sources列表的第一行47Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡeySUbAhu0J
编辑配置文件47Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnYvBLsHcGV
一次显示9个候选词、模糊音47Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbJB87ZFWnB
# nano ~/.config/ibus/rime/default.custom.yaml47Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡStfzbK1xP2
---------default.custom.yaml的内容如下-----------47Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡcEqbVQouyl
patch:47Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEAPvosCd3X
"menu/page_size": 9
'speller/algebra':47Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtt2zzcVfzP
- erase/^xx$/ # 第一行保留
# 模糊音定義47Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLVnI0qIJJn
- derive/^([zcs])h/$1/ # zh, ch, sh => z, c, s47Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡIQ0Ou9DpMg
- derive/^([zcs])([^h])/$1h$2/ # z, c, s => zh, ch, sh
- derive/^n/l/ # n => l47Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡivSPovacka
- derive/^l/n/ # l => n
- derive/([ei])n$/$1ng/ # en => eng, in => ing47Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMwJuHSGpyz
- derive/([ei])ng$/$1n/ # eng => en, ing => in47Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡodMHDLZd4u
--------------------------------------------------------------47Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1bVmtRfoAH
为了使模糊音生效，拷贝配置文件47Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡeUt0G7Bmyu
# cp default.custom.yaml luna_pinyin_simp.custom.yaml && cp default.custom.yaml luna_pinyin.custom.yaml47Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡq71moKgMJb
部署rime输入法：47Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkyDFyjUK79
# ibus restart47Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCbknC3gmCp
# ibus engine rime47Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡshOJ04o9VG
在输入时按F4或者Ctrl+\`可弹出菜单，选择菜单上的数字可进行简繁输入转换47Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡydlsXLDLUQ
按shift键进行中英输入转换47Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡaD6XMTLCHJ
有时候输入法失效时，可以重新运行一下部署rime的命令
参考资料：47Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJA8XuNjwDe
CustomizationGuide · rime/home Wiki · GitHub47Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSIoU8qCW4e
https://www.cnblogs.com/keatonlao/p/12983158.html
47Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgbXVKTLQum
E. 安裝重要軟件
从code官网下载deb包，然后安装47Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡquaEP25q06
# sudo apt install ./code_1.90.0-1717531825_amd64.deb
gimp图片编辑器, chromium浏览器47Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWTlXmATLQv
从app center安装
墙内安装node/npm47Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPKV194JEwj
https://nodejs.org/en/ 下载LTS版本47Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡlV37LDUIVB
# cd ~/Downloads47Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5Fgr3pMXFO
# wget https://nodejs.org/dist/v20.15.0/node-v20.15.0-linux-x64.tar.xz47Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ74mquVjzfC
# tar --strip-components 1 -xvf node-v20.15.0-linux-x64.tar.xz -C /usr/local47Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ10RwecUNR3
# node -v47Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡoRRSbvZLSb
# npm install npm@latest -g47Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡahSnyCFI42
# npm config get registry47Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJlwAAjGnuD
# npm config set registry https://registry.npmmirror.com47Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKoni0GFuU2
如果想用回官方registry:47Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡX9cRaT78hz
# npm config set registry https://registry.npmjs.org
墙外安装node/npm47Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6tCNbUUxf2
# curl -o- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nvm-sh/nvm/v0.39.7/install.sh | bash47Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡlk4NwrFNVD
# export NVM_DIR="$([ -z "${XDG_CONFIG_HOME-}" ] && printf %s "${HOME}/.nvm" || printf %s "${XDG_CONFIG_HOME}/nvm")"47Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡiRXBEqfHoF
[ -s "$NVM_DIR/nvm.sh" ] && \. "$NVM_DIR/nvm.sh" # This loads nvm47Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkYeRE4sAiX
# nvm install --lts47Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡewgesDHDhN
# npm install npm@latest -g
安装47Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡlPljSYDyLH
npm i package_name47Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzBOVi0C4LZ
项目更新47Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡthi1A4f6Ga
npm update
F. 配置服務器連接
1. ssh免密登录Linux服务器
在客户端检查是否存在证书47Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNmgjgePDOV
# ls -al ~/.ssh/id_*.pub47Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtbN26mAt21
如果不存在，生成证书47Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8nKg9HJQ7U
# ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 4096 -C "jinmin.si@outlook.com"47Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡx9kDObw9S8
生成证书的过程中使用空白的 passphrase47Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5WQAJ2r1GM
将证书拷贝到服务器47Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡytMB9yyo4C
# ssh-copy-id root@server
2. 从windows登录linux
如果是从windows系统连接ubuntu，可以安装putty作为访问服务器的终端。 47Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡICAt9QfP5p
下载putty: https://www.putty.org/
putty免密登录Linux服务器的方法
在putty的安装目录找到puttygen.exe，运行生成ssl私钥和公钥，保存私钥到文件，复制公钥。47Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8X9CI0T0ux
在putty的 connection/data 设置登录用户名为root，connection/ssh/auth/credentials中设置私钥的文件，保存设置。47Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWjXp0z0U7u
将公钥写入服务器的 ~/.ssh/authorized_keys 文件中, reboot ubuntu使修改生效47Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡt3AfSdybCa
# nano ~/.ssh/authorized_keys47Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXPK1SI9VUQ
# reboot
如果想保持putty与服务器的连接保持不断线，可以在Putty中设置每隔一定的时间发一次心跳消息。
3. 保持与服务器的ssh连接不断线的方法
ssh连接服务器时如果容易断线，可以修改服务器sshd的设置，保持ssh连接不断线：47Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡF4l0KHlJTj
# nano /etc/ssh/sshd_config47Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡuwozkvGVWK
ClientAliveInterval 60 # 表示每60秒发送一次请求，从而保持连接不断线。47Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7R1zXEjeUJ
ClientAliveCountMax 10 # 表示服务器发出请求后客户端没有响应的次数达到10次，就自动断开连接47Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJGQvrZ2Lfz
# systemctl restart sshd
4. 從ubuntu remote windows用remmina
從app中心安裝remmina47Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHk9PrRJC3z
新建connection到windows
Basic標籤47Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡlyAtC9u8Pg
server: ip/domain.name, username: Administrator, password: ***47Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYaf4xPq8EC
share folder中填寫ubuntu中的路徑，則可從windows訪問47Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvX1EzY3R22
resolution中可設置合適的屏幕大小
Advanced標籤47Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡb6eeKePldx
output audio: 選擇local，則是windows發出的聲音
windows server 默認是麼有開啓聲音服務的，要設置一下才能發出聲音：47Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtXd469rz8Y
https://cloud.tencent.com/developer/article/1894933
G. 網絡安全設置
防火墙设置47Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqf2niITquk
# ufw allow 2247Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWVyq5X234W
# ufw allow 8047Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2BzQiApI2x
# ufw allow 44347Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2CKnPMavFW
# ufw enable47Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOwav67fOio
# ufw status
H. 常用命令
创建软链接47Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtAyPXhAR5a
# sudo ln -s 源文件 目标文件
修改密码47Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡh84hChXMts
# passwd root47Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡeTJoXcihHM
# usermod -a -G groupA username47Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2ecnoliG6W
# groups username
修改hostname47Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡrHYPRE2Qji
# hostnamectl set-hostname xiaoyue
查看cpu47Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8AnZFwCzEm
# lscpu
查看内存47Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHkl25bdASw
# free -h47Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjKRnf54wKH
# top
釋放被buff/cache占用的内存47Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡg3xStEsed2
# sync; echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空页面缓存47Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6qdXxzOwtn
# sync; echo 1 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空目录项缓存47Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbErnN0mSVG
# sync; echo 2 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空SLAB缓存47Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKYvlTundUS
# sync; echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空所有缓存47Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCVjMDmxeNU
用sudo执行：47Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBMT4GHtHAy
# sudo sh -c "echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches"
47Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9A6qJzWuxz
查看硬盘47Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdTF69vk4fb
# sudo lshw -c disk47Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNYrT93yyzJ
查看分区47Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡM5dB9V4Uia
# sudo fdisk -l47Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQQ2epFjLVc
查看磁盘剩余空间47Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhWdo4326fN
# df -hl
文件壓縮和打包47Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfcwKluiuIE
將在windows上壓縮出的zip文件傳遞給Linux系統解壓縮時，文件名會出現亂碼，這是因爲在Windows上文件名的編碼取決於「控制面板-時鐘和區域-區域-管理-非unicode程序語言」中的設置，中國大陸默認是簡體中文，gb2312(cp936)編碼. 而在Linux系統上則統一是utf-8編碼。47Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKkosm0hKKu
如何解決？最簡單的辦法是在解壓縮的時候說明一下原來的編碼，這樣壓縮工具就會識別出原來的文件名而自動將文件名轉爲utf8編碼, 命令如下：47Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡV3vZXfMSTk
unzip -O cp936 temp.zip
改變文件權限47Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7ICGeV9GYe
# chmod g+w <文件/目录路径>47Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwFhq6JxvOD
# chmod -R g+w /path/to/directory47Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbz7ETUujxk
设置所有者为 rwx，组为 r-x，其他用户为 r--：47Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7nfV25snFg
# chmod 755 <文件/目录路径>
u：所有者（user）。47Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLx4DkSLd9C
g：所属组（group）。47Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUehSJ2MgAJ
o：其他用户（others）。47Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8mEU38qHMw
a：所有用户（u、g、o）。47Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWcm8Em1636
操作符：47Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7V36UVFy9s
+：添加权限。47Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvu2FtAbikE
-：移除权限。47Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡE1fFaRuZP6
=：设置权限。47Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡlPOwG1mV5w
權限：47Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7YXo8rJUE7
r（读） = 447Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNzG8WQBBV6
w（写） = 247Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7iFdRqiZMV
x（执行） = 147Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡN6asDGFsb2
-（无权限） = 047Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCSO7M9D64X
通过加法得到最终的权限值。例如：47Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHqrCYIZmr3
7 = rwx（4 + 2 + 1）47Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtuHhU3Uufd
5 = r-x（4 + 1）47Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRa9HCs5Sj2
6 = rw-（4 + 2）47Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwvMPkifjHe
47Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡimqRNhAGsI
I. 创建自定义命令
# nano ~/.bash_aliases47Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡoFi1CRj2Cn
添加alias, 比如：47Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNBTV2dl6mm
alias gitbuda='gitbuda() { git add -A; git commit -m "$1"; git push; }; gitbuda'47Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡeh2HQBH2Qk
其中$1表示命令的第一个参数，这样就可以用 gitbuda "commit message"来运行命令47Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWVFAWLcJRf
# source ~/.bash_aliases
Section X. Thanks
https://ubuntu.com
47Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡIduIK4JCPj
Section Y. Contacts Me
If you found any errors or have any suggestions for this article, please let me know, my wechat: si_jinmin, my email: si.jinmin@gmail.com47Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWzE0WCY351
如果您发现本文有任何错误，或者对本文有好的建议，欢迎与我联系探讨，我的微信: si_jinmin, 我的email: si.jinmin@gmail.com
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