A. 下载iso文件，制作启动U盘
aria2c -x 4 -s 12 "https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-releases/24.04/ubuntu-24.04-desktop-amd64.iso" "https://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu-releases/24.04/ubuntu-24.04-desktop-amd64.iso" "https://mirrors.zju.edu.cn/ubuntu-releases/24.04/ubuntu-24.04-desktop-amd64.iso"
安装启动盘制作软件rufus109Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡm3Stiyrab8
https://github.com/pbatard/rufus/releases/download/v4.5/rufus-4.5.exe109Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkKCHHDJICb
U盘的容量必须大于7G，在rufus中选择U盘, iso文件，MBR分区类型，NTFS文件格式，点击开始，选择以ISO镜像模式写入。
官方参考资料：109Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMLeHJKNAio
https://ubuntu.com/tutorials/create-a-usb-stick-on-windows#1-overview
109Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡE6sTwyl8Pm
B. 安装ubuntu
从U盘启动电脑109Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ21TOpetk1B
try or install ubuntu109Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡt9yqjxMKNX
choose your language: english109Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLbEeDBaJU7
accessibility in ubuntu: next109Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7a85oXs9pE
select your keyboard layout: english(US)109Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡAYHAS7ukNR
connect to the internet: connect to a wi-fi network109Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡiz1VAMJqZv
install ubuntu109Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhs5tSA9vpZ
interactive installation109Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6ztUCmryHT
extended selection109Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7S5gRzHGi7
check: install third-party software for graphics and wi-fi hardware109Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbWCHRZIn8v
check: download and install support for additional media formats109Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4BinwoH9r5
erase disk and install ubuntu109Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbQYMgx6adm
choose sdb109Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCnPbctwmCc
your name: buda 109Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡD3viN4lPKf
your computer's name: vultr109Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJZsGFyjIRS
your username: buda 109Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡi9YNomaXh4
timezone: shanghai109Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡF88gwFS7VE
install109Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQ2Z8tJNv6W
restart now109Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0pYNhXnKFu
拔出U盘, 按enter键
109Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmo7oUYubUc
C. 初始化設置
点击左下角ubuntu图标进入开始菜单，将terminal pin to dash109Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7WXq6464Wu
# sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y
安装常用工具, 開發编译环境109Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2PiDRpdEQJ
# sudo apt install nano net-tools build-essential gdb git glibc-source unzip openssl libssl-dev libzip-dev aria2 lsof109Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQy4mT5Q2B9
# cd /usr/src/glibc109Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXCOOfCWEDt
# tar xvf glibc-2.39.tar.xz109Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5lCIgx0jHu
在gdb中指定glibc的源代碼：109Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡENuhsBeIZ7
gdb> directory /usr/src/glibc/glibc-2.39
將用戶加入root組109Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTbPatGZXZv
# usermod -a -G root buda109Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKQnXK2mm4c
# groups buda
黑屏时间设置：15分钟无操作后黑屏109Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡV8NHtOEyOp
点左下角进入开始菜单, search "power", click " (settings) Power" blank screen: 15 mins
apt search rethinkdb109Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwR7RRXFZaO
apt show rethinkdb109Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡT4NXSXculY
apt remove rethinkdb109Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡiTFFmvpD9V
cd /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ #进入PPA源文件所在目录109Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNTcnI48yHz
sudo rm XXX.list #删除一个PPA源list文件109Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQUOEDYtiKe
sudo apt update
109Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwIddry3wbn
D. 安裝中文輸入法rime
# sudo apt install ibus-rime rime-data-luna-pinyin109Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxEbOSEc0iV
点击左下角进入开始菜单，选择settings, keyboard，+ add input source...，others, chinese(rime)109Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3aeKVyowo2
点击chinese(rime)右边的小竖点，move up，将chinese(rime)移到Input Sources列表的第一行109Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmpEDwaTayg
编辑配置文件109Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjdu5wD6nU7
一次显示9个候选词、模糊音109Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYgUkjuvTgy
# nano ~/.config/ibus/rime/default.custom.yaml109Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8SOsE2GRoB
---------default.custom.yaml的内容如下-----------109Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvmJl6Wcsnk
patch:109Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡuWD7NwCAyz
"menu/page_size": 9
'speller/algebra':109Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡh6MemL4J0o
- erase/^xx$/ # 第一行保留
# 模糊音定義109Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0z8ERxSm98
- derive/^([zcs])h/$1/ # zh, ch, sh => z, c, s109Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkOUGAla9Gp
- derive/^([zcs])([^h])/$1h$2/ # z, c, s => zh, ch, sh
- derive/^n/l/ # n => l109Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡY6cRjJgQ6T
- derive/^l/n/ # l => n
- derive/([ei])n$/$1ng/ # en => eng, in => ing109Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6k7eL0wL8Q
- derive/([ei])ng$/$1n/ # eng => en, ing => in109Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡE9nJWmFmWJ
--------------------------------------------------------------109Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTzle07dieU
为了使模糊音生效，拷贝配置文件109Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡyiXpmCoWdm
# cp default.custom.yaml luna_pinyin_simp.custom.yaml && cp default.custom.yaml luna_pinyin.custom.yaml109Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3YBtsA5MLc
部署rime输入法：109Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwxGRIk4QJT
# ibus restart109Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4kWIpWNpCC
# ibus engine rime109Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbzA8hKLUW7
在输入时按F4或者Ctrl+\`可弹出菜单，选择菜单上的数字可进行简繁输入转换109Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmcwtjSQlII
按shift键进行中英输入转换109Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡo4QSXpt2YT
有时候输入法失效时，可以重新运行一下部署rime的命令
参考资料：109Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEw5ZvAV5K6
CustomizationGuide · rime/home Wiki · GitHub109Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmnyCZkUXbm
https://www.cnblogs.com/keatonlao/p/12983158.html
109Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡeokM6e8NGI
E. 安裝重要軟件
从code官网下载deb包，然后安装109Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVfRFDf60Qb
# sudo apt install ./code_1.90.0-1717531825_amd64.deb
gimp图片编辑器, chromium浏览器109Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7dAPSIu8yU
从app center安装
墙内安装node/npm109Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡoj1tz3J4tk
https://nodejs.org/en/ 下载LTS版本109Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡR2tjJuiTPW
# cd ~/Downloads109Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpBLvPVPaVF
# wget https://nodejs.org/dist/v20.15.0/node-v20.15.0-linux-x64.tar.xz109Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡivKoQ3I0er
# tar --strip-components 1 -xvf node-v20.15.0-linux-x64.tar.xz -C /usr/local109Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfuDszKJbDO
# node -v109Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡIZWMrcXLOW
# npm install npm@latest -g109Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4MOQ0SXnXZ
# npm config get registry109Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwRrVtTEAXr
# npm config set registry https://registry.npmmirror.com109Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbYpvyrDFTk
如果想用回官方registry:109Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJVvWb3fHEW
# npm config set registry https://registry.npmjs.org
墙外安装node/npm109Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3oeRfpvvgY
# curl -o- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nvm-sh/nvm/v0.39.7/install.sh | bash109Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBoTVpVxNYs
# export NVM_DIR="$([ -z "${XDG_CONFIG_HOME-}" ] && printf %s "${HOME}/.nvm" || printf %s "${XDG_CONFIG_HOME}/nvm")"109Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvAsJT28RPt
[ -s "$NVM_DIR/nvm.sh" ] && \. "$NVM_DIR/nvm.sh" # This loads nvm109Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5LpeuYP05E
# nvm install --lts109Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzRzfKbHeOK
# npm install npm@latest -g
安装109Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbbwLCQl3GQ
npm i package_name109Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmEgmTemVmz
项目更新109Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMhuTcppR1b
npm update
F. 配置服務器連接
1. ssh免密登录Linux服务器
在客户端检查是否存在证书109Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZwiKUz2876
# ls -al ~/.ssh/id_*.pub109Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjI1Ll5eyxn
如果不存在，生成证书109Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡP1IthwagoV
# ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 4096 -C "jinmin.si@outlook.com"109Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmsjn1QXezr
生成证书的过程中使用空白的 passphrase109Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡagvgp47ytS
将证书拷贝到服务器109Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGcFszrmPpq
# ssh-copy-id root@server
2. 从windows登录linux
如果是从windows系统连接ubuntu，可以安装putty作为访问服务器的终端。 109Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGElfc1B7Dk
下载putty: https://www.putty.org/
putty免密登录Linux服务器的方法
在putty的安装目录找到puttygen.exe，运行生成ssl私钥和公钥，保存私钥到文件，复制公钥。109Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPQxOUF2xEE
在putty的 connection/data 设置登录用户名为root，connection/ssh/auth/credentials中设置私钥的文件，保存设置。109Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVwNtFSQnwg
将公钥写入服务器的 ~/.ssh/authorized_keys 文件中, reboot ubuntu使修改生效109Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7fGom7oxze
# nano ~/.ssh/authorized_keys109Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjUMJo6AMfR
# reboot
如果想保持putty与服务器的连接保持不断线，可以在Putty中设置每隔一定的时间发一次心跳消息。
3. 保持与服务器的ssh连接不断线的方法
ssh连接服务器时如果容易断线，可以修改服务器sshd的设置，保持ssh连接不断线：109Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzoGy0uXtMF
# nano /etc/ssh/sshd_config109Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUsSVjmdCIH
ClientAliveInterval 60 # 表示每60秒发送一次请求，从而保持连接不断线。109Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡrlGuwFWYFU
ClientAliveCountMax 10 # 表示服务器发出请求后客户端没有响应的次数达到10次，就自动断开连接109Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtrwQu3fH0c
# systemctl restart sshd
4. 從ubuntu remote windows用remmina
從app中心安裝remmina109Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6AhWPxwbdN
新建connection到windows
Basic標籤109Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡIrd7HVKhDR
server: ip/domain.name, username: Administrator, password: ***109Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkSSGBynA1T
share folder中填寫ubuntu中的路徑，則可從windows訪問109Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQMRcOSj5Xn
resolution中可設置合適的屏幕大小
Advanced標籤109Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSS7TYVS3HM
output audio: 選擇local，則是windows發出的聲音
windows server 默認是麼有開啓聲音服務的，要設置一下才能發出聲音：109Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡddv0ubArf5
https://cloud.tencent.com/developer/article/1894933
G. 網絡安全設置
防火墙设置109Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVFprHvps0T
# ufw allow 22109Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡs5lC2Z1nHn
# ufw allow 80109Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWrILL037f8
# ufw allow 443109Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡixLSVGIfm6
# ufw enable109Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6IyQr4kGbA
# ufw status
H. 常用命令
创建软链接109Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡh5bdm7c94f
# sudo ln -s 源文件 目标文件
修改密码109Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzMsOybuvF3
# passwd root109Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡz4UJKFiK37
# usermod -a -G groupA username109Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡObeRnb65Ul
# groups username
修改hostname109Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡlC76jAkTZW
# hostnamectl set-hostname xiaoyue
查看cpu109Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5KTQUo1Kkz
# lscpu
查看内存109Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSoCaxGIJd5
# free -h109Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡAsxUvIjEKy
# top
釋放被buff/cache占用的内存109Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMATxixIwI9
# sync; echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空页面缓存109Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxIUBSUhCVz
# sync; echo 1 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空目录项缓存109Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNIutWEvBWx
# sync; echo 2 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空SLAB缓存109Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZ2KUo76i4G
# sync; echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空所有缓存109Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfI2XVo7NJe
用sudo执行：109Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNBQHUsL3hZ
# sudo sh -c "echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches"
109Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfW7MzcVMFG
查看硬盘109Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡoEeCJM6KhO
# sudo lshw -c disk109Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkTBmPPejFX
查看分区109Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJeGnsrsB4J
# sudo fdisk -l109Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfZ1RBqTqhR
查看磁盘剩余空间109Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBJ5wBDGYH8
# df -hl
文件壓縮和打包109Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡm0N6HQ666X
將在windows上壓縮出的zip文件傳遞給Linux系統解壓縮時，文件名會出現亂碼，這是因爲在Windows上文件名的編碼取決於「控制面板-時鐘和區域-區域-管理-非unicode程序語言」中的設置，中國大陸默認是簡體中文，gb2312(cp936)編碼. 而在Linux系統上則統一是utf-8編碼。109Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡm8l1VjIeHI
如何解決？最簡單的辦法是在解壓縮的時候說明一下原來的編碼，這樣壓縮工具就會識別出原來的文件名而自動將文件名轉爲utf8編碼, 命令如下：109Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8jDxDI2fU0
unzip -O cp936 temp.zip
改變文件權限109Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBEnZDaK018
# chmod g+w <文件/目录路径>109Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡAJtAUETPXW
# chmod -R g+w /path/to/directory109Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCoRjZj1wr2
设置所有者为 rwx，组为 r-x，其他用户为 r--：109Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1hPWOxmS7n
# chmod 755 <文件/目录路径>
u：所有者（user）。109Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡE9qPg0Ytgc
g：所属组（group）。109Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOWG6bPPUef
o：其他用户（others）。109Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1BQE4QY2oa
a：所有用户（u、g、o）。109Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQXtyjBxluY
操作符：109Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡabV6IvdcXb
+：添加权限。109Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQXTUML8N6A
-：移除权限。109Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNxltsm7Rcj
=：设置权限。109Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVOrZkAlo6i
權限：109Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFA5CrBfWqU
r（读） = 4109Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4PQmOEQT3b
w（写） = 2109Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡaBPUL99VRB
x（执行） = 1109Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvUhM01ruMZ
-（无权限） = 0109Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡE4loB4wWWs
通过加法得到最终的权限值。例如：109Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQ68OhNK5uy
7 = rwx（4 + 2 + 1）109Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡH3oDR2y9mY
5 = r-x（4 + 1）109Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡoRcaRE8kbV
6 = rw-（4 + 2）109Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3rO19S5PHy
109Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXBqLymgVTz
I. 创建自定义命令
# nano ~/.bash_aliases109Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLUuPEsr7Cg
添加alias, 比如：109Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtxycFKXo8j
alias gitbuda='gitbuda() { git add -A; git commit -m "$1"; git push; }; gitbuda'109Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9xsri3DSaA
其中$1表示命令的第一个参数，这样就可以用 gitbuda "commit message"来运行命令109Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8LXKSGK55p
# source ~/.bash_aliases
Section X. Thanks
https://ubuntu.com
109Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdFUaMhubwn
Section Y. Contacts Me
If you found any errors or have any suggestions for this article, please let me know, my wechat: si_jinmin, my email: si.jinmin@gmail.com109Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMvp6CRTUDq
如果您发现本文有任何错误，或者对本文有好的建议，欢迎与我联系探讨，我的微信: si_jinmin, 我的email: si.jinmin@gmail.com
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