上一篇的深入淺出講述了人體的體味,緊接以來的這一篇將會講述一下大自然界的「體味」互動。954Please respect copyright.PENANAgZ79WppIEj
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https://www.penana.com/article/468715954Please respect copyright.PENANAQcEM78eZYH
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適者生存,弱肉強食,一向被喻為大自然界的法則。954Please respect copyright.PENANA71o5Nl7286
植物作為食物鏈的最底層,大多時候也逃不過被食物鏈上層生物侵食的局面。954Please respect copyright.PENANAlKXTl9LF2i
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圖1為毛蟲獵食樹葉的畫面,這棵植物並不是捕蠅草系列,看起上來的確沒有任何反擊或防禦的手段,任人魚肉。954Please respect copyright.PENANAvO8yzVDLW2
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但實情其實並非如此。954Please respect copyright.PENANAAthUpSlAIa
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圖2為椿象從後出現,反過來獵食毛蟲的畫面。然而,椿象的出現並不是偶然,而是植物暗中「召喚」而來的。954Please respect copyright.PENANAYUzzoPnzjm
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圖3,當樹葉收到傷害的時候,它們會即時釋放出一堆統稱為 Green Leave Volatiles(GLV)的化合物(Ref1),這個情況下,毛蟲的口水包含著一些物質,會將這些GLV化合物由Z形態轉化成為E形態;954Please respect copyright.PENANAUFC89CCTMP
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這物質究竟是甚麼,科學家暫時還沒清楚,只是知道該物質在高溫下便會失效。954Please respect copyright.PENANA5vtJwHsF2C
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Z形態及E形態是化學用詞,用在描述化學物的形態。954Please respect copyright.PENANAkiERHS2Xx5
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強硬來說的話,Z形態就是用胡蘿蔔當作雙耳、樹枝當作雙手的雪人。954Please respect copyright.PENANA8Y2O3UOqOi
而E形態就是用樹枝當作雙耳、胡蘿蔔當作雙手的雪人。954Please respect copyright.PENANANQp6FPatlX
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大家所組成的元素均是一樣,但位置上卻有著不同的地方。954Please respect copyright.PENANAFmna2zuic6
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我並沒有能力再以更深入淺出的方式解釋,有興趣的話可以自行Google。954Please respect copyright.PENANAo1QGTXVjXL
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圖4)對於椿象來說, E形態的GLV是一種非常強大的吸引劑,亦因而被吸引前來,反咬毛蟲。954Please respect copyright.PENANAMPMgAjRGK8
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所以整件事情的來龍去脈,就是毛蟲傷害樹葉的時候,其口水觸化樹葉裡頭的摔發性化學物轉變,其轉變的化合物吸引捕食毛蟲的獵人前來,因而「間接」地救了樹葉一命。954Please respect copyright.PENANAXBUZwSClH7
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在這裡必須強調的是,這種關係是物種針對性的。954Please respect copyright.PENANAJ09XumJh9a
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科學家在一篇學術文章(Ref1)證實,若果毛蟲品種並不是圖1列明的那一個品種,其口水是不會觸發樹葉化合物Z到E的轉變。954Please respect copyright.PENANAetsjaHBEeB
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植物是否會用不同的方式應付不同品種的入侵者,這暫時還是未知之數。954Please respect copyright.PENANAsCAEKSEAML
但至少圖1-4的物種互動已有科學證據支持,由此已經可以看得出大自然物種之間的互動是絕非簡單的。954Please respect copyright.PENANA6LxcWswYUs
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如果想我快啲出文的話,請入去Penana網站科普專欄–薯不揀單俾一個like以及Bookmark,這對我非常之重要。954Please respect copyright.PENANArvrbvKw0ph
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Link: https://www.penana.com/story/66244/%E7%A7%91%E6%99%AE%E5%B0%88%E6%AC%84-%E8%96%AF%E4%B8%8D%E6%8F%80%E5%96%AE/toc954Please respect copyright.PENANATDSjRou71y
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https://www.penana.com/user/27349/%E8%96%AF%E4%BB%94%E8%81%9E%E8%8C%B1%E8%8E%89/portfolio954Please respect copyright.PENANAkGu5w8OxD6
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Ref1:https://science.sciencemag.org/content/329/5995/1075954Please respect copyright.PENANAtbaXOv2J4O