埃及斑蚊,英文名為yellow fever mosquito,學名為Aedes aegypti,是白紋伊蚊的近親。581Please respect copyright.PENANACzG2JkMYfi
581Please respect copyright.PENANAOM8R2qm8v9
(圖1)男性品種不會叮人,只有女性品種才會叮人,藉著吸血等途徑傳播登革熱(Dengue Fever)等疾病。581Please respect copyright.PENANAtgNzdlVVjI
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殺蟲劑雖能殺滅蚊子,但蚊子亦逐漸展示出對殺蟲劑的抗藥性。581Please respect copyright.PENANAY5sZ2Rk0KX
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而基於殺蟲劑會污染環境及危害部份雀鳥昆蟲健康關係,建立另類對付播毒蚊子的方法可謂有著絕對的迫切性。581Please respect copyright.PENANAhoJKnSQ73l
581Please respect copyright.PENANAikx62QUi8V
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581Please respect copyright.PENANAhDk3PeLsu3
(圖2)有見及此,Oxitec公司(現為美國公司收購)培養出埃及斑蚊OX513A品種。581Please respect copyright.PENANAcao7sZt1Ty
牠們在幼蟲的時候需要四環黴素(Tetracycline)才能成功生長。在實驗室培植的時候,研究人員會在食物裡提供四環黴素,但當他們被放到野外的時候,便再也沒能取得足夠的四環黴素,沒能順利生長成為蚊子。581Please respect copyright.PENANAUzVnqWKoYk
581Please respect copyright.PENANAj4L6A37I3y
男性埃及斑蚊OX513A品種與女性正常品種交配的話,將有機會產生正常品種及OX513A品種的蚊卵。581Please respect copyright.PENANAI2pqvswJGH
581Please respect copyright.PENANAgXf6m5La3u
在野外缺乏四環黴素的情況下,正常品種有86–88%成功長大為蚊子,而OX513A品種則只有3-4%的成功率。581Please respect copyright.PENANAgcxXaZkxeN
581Please respect copyright.PENANASNnc0ZWFqs
以這個方式推算下去的話,蚊子下一代的比率將會大幅度減低。581Please respect copyright.PENANA2xdEczrLy1
581Please respect copyright.PENANA9bZBaXygeU
581Please respect copyright.PENANAg9nB5mqx7p
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(圖3)Oxitec公司在2010年英國開曼群島藉著此方式消除80%野外埃及斑蚊。581Please respect copyright.PENANA5jJBDepmsH
而亦在2013年巴西巴伊亞州順利用上同樣方式消除~90%野外埃及斑蚊。581Please respect copyright.PENANAwiUSNCTyNt
581Please respect copyright.PENANACswdpJ2ucI
今年2020年8月,他們同樣依這種方式在美國佛羅里達發放男性男性埃及斑蚊OX513A品種。581Please respect copyright.PENANACckhD5D19x
581Please respect copyright.PENANAAoUTyH1Svw
此舉泛起不少反對聲音,不乏違反動物權利及人權等等。581Please respect copyright.PENANAf1OhC3eq0k
581Please respect copyright.PENANA1IyUPOUWkX
亦有人認為此舉會破壞生態平衡,奈何此方法只會滅殺埃及斑蚊,不會影響其他蚊子品種,其他物種可照樣進食其他蚊子品種代替,不見得有任何大影響。581Please respect copyright.PENANAuaE9HIDJkv
581Please respect copyright.PENANAZtYmsAKtvl
至於亦有人認為埃及斑蚊有機會因而大遷徙到第二區域,這點反而有著潛在的可能性,值得探討一下。
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睇番一大輪資料後,發覺原來依篇文所寫的方法係佢哋用係巴西的方法,18個月之內係有成效,之後蚊子數量回升。581Please respect copyright.PENANAmFRkin2af2
581Please respect copyright.PENANAjifGaPVKJ3
今次美國所用的方法係OX5034,同舊原理差唔多,但女性BB會死,而男性BB唔會。581Please respect copyright.PENANAeWw7xUt2ry
581Please respect copyright.PENANADCuGagH4dU
無睇到佢哋媒體資料,只係睇咗佢哋之前所發出的學術文章,所以資料有錯,對不起。
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如果想我快啲出文的話,請入去Penana網站科普專欄–薯不揀單俾一個like以及Bookmark,這對我非常之重要。581Please respect copyright.PENANARxcEwgLQp1
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Link: https://www.penana.com/story/66244/%E7%A7%91%E6%99%AE%E5%B0%88%E6%AC%84-%E8%96%AF%E4%B8%8D%E6%8F%80%E5%96%AE/toc581Please respect copyright.PENANAZ2YLZd49qT
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同時亦可以在Penana網站裡按「買一嚿/半嚿薯仔」,以課金的方式推動我繼續搜羅資料寫文,多謝。581Please respect copyright.PENANAMW9V9lbpH4
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https://www.penana.com/user/27349/%E8%96%AF%E4%BB%94%E8%81%9E%E8%8C%B1%E8%8E%89/portfolio581Please respect copyright.PENANAx0QjxCXkac
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有興趣接收科普資訊的話,歡迎follow IG: potatopigtongue。581Please respect copyright.PENANAIFdIoJjLMy
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Ref:581Please respect copyright.PENANAvOhO1v8m8v
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6072261/#R3581Please respect copyright.PENANASyNodQvdxb
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4489809/581Please respect copyright.PENANA3tPUKBRQGF
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1865532/581Please respect copyright.PENANAybzwbGCbjQ
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4063546/
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