現今科技發達,藥物大多數也能夠在實驗室或藥廠裡利用化學物合成出來。529Please respect copyright.PENANAFtcposxMdy
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但若果藥物主要成份的結構實在是太過複雜的話,有時候利用人工合成的方法製造只會吃力不討好,不符合經濟效益。529Please respect copyright.PENANATSOGyUgfWf529Please respect copyright.PENANApiIHPbq1Sx
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就以治療神經肌肉問題等疾病為例的Tropane alkaloids(TAs),主要情況下均是會從特定品種的植物裡頭提取出來;529Please respect copyright.PENANAPXm5Hb4VRP
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隸屬TAs類別的hyoscyamine及scopolamine可以與acetylcholine receptor結合,更有著解除俄國神經毒素Novichok的能力。529Please respect copyright.PENANAHTKtmpCRV4
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俄國神經毒素Novichok延伸閱讀:https://www.penana.com/article/477009529Please respect copyright.PENANAKoqztTFYRr
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(圖2)科學家一直致力研究增強培植產生TAs植物的方法,但人口增長快速,相關藥物供不應求的問題開始湧現。529Please respect copyright.PENANAOPVhEmjyRA529Please respect copyright.PENANApkP7woRFPA
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再加上植物佔據大量空間及資源,而且生長需時,還有害蟲侵蝕植物導致產量下降各種問題需要關注,長遠來說顯然需要另一種手段製作藥物。529Please respect copyright.PENANAE5ZNI0MzZc
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(圖3)近日,有科學家發表文章(Ref1),利用生長快、易打理的酵母(yeast)來解決這問題。529Please respect copyright.PENANAO7N8laypaw
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他們利用CRISPR基因編輯技術,將26種來自細菌及植物的基因(其中一種更是燕麥的基因)加進酵母裡頭,強迫酵母利用葡萄糖及氨基酸轉化成為有用的TAs。529Please respect copyright.PENANARyLL5qZN5g529Please respect copyright.PENANAeYCW3Q53eM
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CRISPR基因編輯技術延伸閱讀:https://www.penana.com/article/465369529Please respect copyright.PENANAOtwgEa5OU1
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過程中他們更分門別類將相應的酵素安放在酵母各個位置,以及刪走一些礙事的基因,務求令到酵母一心一意為製作藥物為主。529Please respect copyright.PENANA37fmgyQFdC
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暫時他們做到的產量為每一公升酵母能夠生產出30-80 μg TAs,有望在1-2年後提升至每升5g,踏進真實市場裡頭運作。529Please respect copyright.PENANA3KQFbgCXvM
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(1g=1000mg,1mg=1000 μg)529Please respect copyright.PENANAOI2Fifq5VS
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如果想我快啲出文的話,請入去Penana網站科普專欄–薯不揀單俾一個like以及Bookmark,這對我非常之重要。529Please respect copyright.PENANAb1nBDje6eh
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Link: https://www.penana.com/story/66244/%E7%A7%91%E6%99%AE%E5%B0%88%E6%AC%84-%E8%96%AF%E4%B8%8D%E6%8F%80%E5%96%AE/toc529Please respect copyright.PENANAkVcTXzp2c4
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同時亦可以在Penana網站裡按「買一嚿/半嚿薯仔」,以課金的方式推動我繼續搜羅資料寫文,多謝。529Please respect copyright.PENANArnTqKEPewB
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Link:529Please respect copyright.PENANAW3dfuR57Ja
https://www.penana.com/user/27349/%E8%96%AF%E4%BB%94%E8%81%9E%E8%8C%B1%E8%8E%89/portfolio529Please respect copyright.PENANA1l2qk1nQ7n
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有興趣接收科學資訊的話,歡迎follow IG: potatopigtongue。529Please respect copyright.PENANAdQ30NcJ97v
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Ref1:https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-020-2650-9529Please respect copyright.PENANAAEGDRwetL4