老鼠一直對科研發展作出了無比的貢獻,科學家利用老鼠探究癌症、各種疾病以及細胞各式各樣的機制。866Please respect copyright.PENANAJPIKjwq5xn
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(圖2)有時候,科學家會利用「漁翁撒網」的方式來試圖解決難題。866Please respect copyright.PENANAyY0QV8SjJB
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譬如說,若果科學家想探討老鼠的那一條基因負責控制老鼠耳朵的顏色,其中一種漁翁撒網的手段就會用上化學物質N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU) 。866Please respect copyright.PENANAOBMbbLvxtk
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對老鼠注射ENU的話,其基因突變的機率會高出300倍有多。866Please respect copyright.PENANAC1ZhyRSdMo
同樣能導致基因突變的X-Ray,效率就只有約100倍有多。866Please respect copyright.PENANAtDyY6ZaF34
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(圖3)對男性老鼠注射ENU的話,他每一顆精子均會有出現不同的隨機基因變異。866Please respect copyright.PENANA6VoS2vmCge
換句話說,他的後代也會繼承其相應的基因變異。866Please respect copyright.PENANAQdonCmyw5Q
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我們剛才假設的命題是那一條基因負責控制老鼠耳朵的顏色,若運氣足夠的話,例如小新出現了藍耳朵,那麼科學家們便大可以追查究竟是哪一條基因出現了變異,然後再深入調查箇中的機制。866Please respect copyright.PENANABVAlOplzkG
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這方法顯然是完全依靠運氣,幸運的話就可能有驚天大發現,無運的話就是資源、時間、金錢一筆清。這方法顯然亦會牽涉到動物的倫理道德問題。如何妥善不浪費所有受過變異的老鼠,是研究人員需要深思的問題。866Please respect copyright.PENANA5KcngTHbs6
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Ref1:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11567631/866Please respect copyright.PENANAEfhU5DG2pi
Ref2:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1197804/866Please respect copyright.PENANAySbHfA8Hv8