現今已知接近有7萬幾種的基因變異會引起疾病。352Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKzpz9iotOD
352Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXUJ1LppxHT
352Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSx2pJErdSu
隨著CRISPR基因編輯技術的興起，將會為根治這些疾病帶來曙光。352Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡp5ABZMEjGT
352Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOSNbzFCmYt
352Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTnwWDEilLy
（圖2）圖中將展示「舊式」的編輯方法HDR（Homology Directed Repair)機制。352Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWxG1VcynyB
352Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡaabRwjb5Sa
352Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRKK0dPuUg1
sgRNA將會引領Cas9蛋白質抵達不理想的基因突變位置，其後Cas9蛋白質會將基因斬斷成兩截；352Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQ2Xsx2BCj6
352Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnNM9JKKlYj
根據Cas9蛋白質的特性，可修改至只斬一條特定的DNA位置，其後會再提及。352Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡAAz9dBj1iQ
352Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvtuZ7DhtPO
（圖3）此時候，如果將盛載想修改的基因排組送到斷成兩截的基因附近，細胞便會加以利用，將原本的紫色區域改成為黃色區域。352Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8CppPNHgbE
352Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9MI450nqRJ
352Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡy6Lkuwd1pN
但這個方法的隨機性非常之高，最終結果有可能會出現基因刪減，又或者是其他基因排組的插入。352Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡj08Eg0eTZ9
352Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡuZ5kAWBPfo
套用基因編輯技術於治療病人身上的話，精準度必須要非常之高，此手段明顯並不理想。352Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFA9Cz2pM0k
352Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7ibhahIsUF
352Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzmqbD4Xw9q
（圖4）至於新式編輯方法Prime Editing方面，同樣亦是套用CRISPR技術，但各組件及理念則有所修改。352Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPavtnxnPpU
352Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjXg2QhCENw
352Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLwjndJxjnx
擁有Transcriptase Domain的Cas9變種蛋白質將會被含有預想修改基因排組的pegRNA引領到不理想的基因突變位置，而這一次只會斬斷特定的一條DNA。352Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNi7LTeu6Qq
352Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFjBUZecLOp
352Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡeX6JRzGWMw
（圖5）其後，Cas9變種蛋白質會讀取pegRNA內含的預想修改基因排組，並將一條DNA的基因排組成功修改。352Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkZph1wqBp3
352Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFaKLo8Ryfk
352Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEX3gEyjh6R
經過一系列難以深入淺出的程序後，最終亦會完成成功修改雙方兩截的DNA。352Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRYwcYyihwz
352Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡIlh2txTpMt
（圖6）紅色區域為不理想的基因修改結果(Ref2)，新式編輯方法PrimeEditing明顯優勝於舊式編輯方法HDR，但仍有一定程度的進步空間。352Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGamzaGtngt
352Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTFvmkd5eb9
352Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxDi6ncsEmb
有朝一日，CRISPR基因編輯技術定必會在治療疾病上得以普及化。352Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQUG4kNmzzi
352Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡr3XhzHWbhl
如果想我快啲出文的話，請入去Penana網站科普專欄–薯不揀單俾一個like以及Bookmark，這對我非常之重要。352Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXuVDTsvawk
352Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPFQCaGlgDX
Link: https://www.penana.com/story/66244/%E7%A7%91%E6%99%AE%E5%B0%88%E6%AC%84-%E8%96%AF%E4%B8%8D%E6%8F%80%E5%96%AE/toc352Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡd0wkuNyevD
352Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7tlGigabvG
同時亦可以在Penana網站裡按「買一嚿/半嚿薯仔」，以課金的方式推動我繼續搜羅資料寫文，多謝。352Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2ThKDabTa4
352Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡn02qauiou3
Link:352Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxg4OwiaCG6
https://www.penana.com/user/27349/%E8%96%AF%E4%BB%94%E8%81%9E%E8%8C%B1%E8%8E%89/portfolio352Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡrgojhL9lNQ
352Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡcMSbqeMP40
352Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡL8nTsFBXJz
Ref1:https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-019-1711-4352Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfRAR7WxQCu
Ref2:https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-020-19136-7
00
ns 15.158.61.48da2
