普遍來說,雞肉和豬肉我們通常都會煮熟才吃,但牛肉就偏偏可以選擇幾成熟來品嘗,究竟點解呢?704Please respect copyright.PENANAvGj9vMnMJF
704Please respect copyright.PENANAqEVrZ7C5Qo
704Please respect copyright.PENANAuPJW1cxsZ8
事實上,生吃食物始終會有一定風險,有機會導致食物中毒,純粹因為牛肉的風險相對比雞肉和豬肉較低,所以才有「生食」牛肉的選擇。704Please respect copyright.PENANAO3lKZee83t
704Please respect copyright.PENANAi8gfKj6hld
近在2020年6月,美國號令回收4萬三千磅牛肉,原因就是化驗證實那批牛肉含有令人腹瀉的大腸幹菌,老是在美國牛肉常出現的O157:H7品種。704Please respect copyright.PENANABZQsTMqL2A
(這不是食神劇情,而是確實新聞,Ref1)704Please respect copyright.PENANAZDgbDb96In
704Please respect copyright.PENANAQjxZxwBX3s
而自從90年代發現這品種後,美國規定牛肉出售前必須測量是否含有某幾種令人肚瀉的大腸幹菌。這一次為何能夠流出市面,那就不得而知了。704Please respect copyright.PENANAJyihJOC95x
704Please respect copyright.PENANAmzT4v97jGT
704Please respect copyright.PENANAS6NkLV9duL
在繼續講解之前,我們先以超簡略的方式認識一下細菌的外部構造。(圖2)704Please respect copyright.PENANARjtCNPP4S3
704Please respect copyright.PENANASm8A2SLb4e
704Please respect copyright.PENANAYX5WEzQGnP
Capsule704Please respect copyright.PENANABShuwLOf7c
防止細菌脫水704Please respect copyright.PENANAeDlHPlynln
保護自己免被人類的吞噬細胞吞噬704Please respect copyright.PENANAu66FVXinlX
704Please respect copyright.PENANAfuTTlzhsof
Pili704Please respect copyright.PENANAFyVJ5dSuiL
用來抓實接觸面,例如腸道壁膜,同時亦都可以用來幫助移動704Please respect copyright.PENANAsq064XRg9Q
704Please respect copyright.PENANAHBbtpX9tXi
Flagellum704Please respect copyright.PENANAiS7AKR6U03
會以螺旋槳的方式轉動,讓細菌可以隨意走動704Please respect copyright.PENANAQQmoitPUcT
704Please respect copyright.PENANAQlkX3UW3MO
如有興趣想知道細菌和病毒的分別,可閱讀我之前所寫的文章704Please respect copyright.PENANA6pYri7KR1M
https://www.penana.com/article/465358704Please respect copyright.PENANA0uo70EQNXP
704Please respect copyright.PENANAE9RcrDwlDQ
704Please respect copyright.PENANA376tkAUTPC
(圖3)令人腹瀉的大腸幹菌有好多種,而經常因為食用未煮熟的牛肉而出現在新聞的是Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC)。704Please respect copyright.PENANA2gYEYXZrDJ
顧名意義,它們能夠釋放Shiga toxin這有毒物質,而E coli則是大腸幹菌的簡稱。704Please respect copyright.PENANAt2TXqzYzdu
704Please respect copyright.PENANAIzBlRwCBei
704Please respect copyright.PENANAYcUTxo7Zp6
704Please respect copyright.PENANAUmuEI4Z7g1
704Please respect copyright.PENANAoaKVM1Esdb
O157:H7品種,就是STEC的一種,潛伏期為2-3日。它們被曾證實可以逗留在外間土壤21個月有多,只有70度以上高溫才能確保徹底消滅它們。704Please respect copyright.PENANAOI532XeJGq
704Please respect copyright.PENANAp6QxB5Q69U
它們最為麻煩的地方,就是能夠抵禦胃酸,有能力從胃部游走到腸道。704Please respect copyright.PENANAjL2k5iPsrd
到達腸道位置後,它們所釋放的Shiga toxin能夠對腸壁的細胞造成傷害,引致腹瀉及脫水。704Please respect copyright.PENANAfiduGQw3kI
嚴重情況下更會引致溶血性尿毒綜合症(HUS),對腎臟造成長久傷害。704Please respect copyright.PENANApy2bpVQm6V
704Please respect copyright.PENANApsH3iehuLj
而最「令人意想不到」的是,此病絕對不可以用抗生素來醫治。704Please respect copyright.PENANAZTncimLxJM
因為用抗生素來傷害它們的話,只會導致更多Shiga toxin從它們身上釋出體外,適得其反。704Please respect copyright.PENANAjUumcTDXhW
704Please respect copyright.PENANAa5kVZiuWyA
通常情況下,醫生會抽取病人的糞便樣本,斷症腹瀉是否由STEC而起。704Please respect copyright.PENANAxNvnHZrPFA
如果屬實,可以做的方法就是盡量讓病人補充水份,避免脫水情況過於嚴重,並等待身體自我康復。704Please respect copyright.PENANAUI1UOTJutF
704Please respect copyright.PENANAbCuVUCFdaz
照這個情況來看,或者,侵侵吃Well Done牛排是有他的道理......704Please respect copyright.PENANAlbCrlmCx8I
704Please respect copyright.PENANA0aQ8zdI6iI
當然,如果牛肉來貨沒有問題,而處理上一切衛生措施做足的話,應該不會引起太大問題的。704Please respect copyright.PENANAOxlRx6w1Oq
704Please respect copyright.PENANAATN4BVa8yS
至少我都暫時未試過因為食生牛扒而肚瀉。704Please respect copyright.PENANAoS2jiM2ivG
704Please respect copyright.PENANAvegl25zmlE
(在摸著木塊下的情況寫下這句。)704Please respect copyright.PENANAhz2TapyOM6
704Please respect copyright.PENANAhnvHQAEWFN
如果想我快啲出文的話,請入去Penana網站科普專欄–薯不揀單俾一個like以及Bookmark,這對我非常之重要。704Please respect copyright.PENANAGVs4h38wdv
704Please respect copyright.PENANAKIgWTHhEJM
Link: https://www.penana.com/story/66244/%E7%A7%91%E6%99%AE%E5%B0%88%E6%AC%84-%E8%96%AF%E4%B8%8D%E6%8F%80%E5%96%AE/toc704Please respect copyright.PENANAjJWsecW6Te
704Please respect copyright.PENANAvfV0e5ncdZ
同時亦可以在Penana網站裡按「買一嚿/半嚿薯仔」,以課金的方式推動我繼續搜羅資料寫文,多謝。704Please respect copyright.PENANAf9kn1nVkeZ
704Please respect copyright.PENANAwkknwTAlAU
Link:704Please respect copyright.PENANAxkDHSwwhP8
https://www.penana.com/user/27349/%E8%96%AF%E4%BB%94%E8%81%9E%E8%8C%B1%E8%8E%89/portfolio704Please respect copyright.PENANAXI1tjKjiBR
704Please respect copyright.PENANA0Q10DKsI5H
704Please respect copyright.PENANAPhPTgaLbfT
有興趣接收科普資訊的話,歡迎follow IG: potatopigtongue。704Please respect copyright.PENANADUB7djhfTd
704Please respect copyright.PENANAVjTLorfH7N
704Please respect copyright.PENANAdO7rjkoaA6
Ref1: