減肥是不少女性、又或者亦是男性的終身使命。949Please respect copyright.PENANATOU2jNEXuP
先天上,兩性在儲存脂肪及體脂分佈上均有非常不同的地方。949Please respect copyright.PENANAD3onmjlcvD
949Please respect copyright.PENANAtOj1E3wukO949Please respect copyright.PENANAZvbQuqLFih
949Please respect copyright.PENANAM1oiTJiRyT
(圖1)已知的知識中,荷爾蒙及性別染色體在脂肪控制上均扮演著舉足輕重的角色。949Please respect copyright.PENANAS6vvFS13xA
949Please respect copyright.PENANA4ZJqXA8IL1
普遍來說,女性傾向把脂肪儲存在臀部,而更年期的女性及男性則傾向把脂肪儲存在肚部。949Please respect copyright.PENANACTKqMTj2rc
949Please respect copyright.PENANAD5EQs32RDs
增加更年期女性的體內雌激素濃度的話,將能減低脂肪儲存在肚部的傾向,間接證明荷爾蒙對於體脂分佈的影響性。949Please respect copyright.PENANAuYEVibdVWY
949Please respect copyright.PENANAsvENuHLEob
然而,性別荷爾蒙在青春期發育的時候最為旺盛,但男女性的人體嬰兒及老鼠在發育之前,體脂的分佈亦已有所不同。949Please respect copyright.PENANAoHGzNgoc4x
而且,XXY的男性比XY的男性,體脂相對為多。949Please respect copyright.PENANAEkdfRqEaFO
949Please respect copyright.PENANAKs7TndPkrD
這亦暗示性別染色體在脂肪控制上亦扮演著一定的角色。949Please respect copyright.PENANARTFfdvcvqJ
949Please respect copyright.PENANAODEvtTtZuK
而近日就有科學家發表文章(Ref1),解構X染色體導致脂肪相對上較容易增加的原因。949Please respect copyright.PENANAYYTG9PUSQU
949Please respect copyright.PENANAJlmEIgRAQo949Please respect copyright.PENANA5ELmI2GP9b
949Please respect copyright.PENANAWm6raqyFLo
(圖2)X染色體主宰超過800種蛋白質的產生。我們的身體有一道名為X inactivation的機制,使其中一條X染色體不能正常運作,好使蛋白質不會以雙倍的方式產生,造就男性及女性相關於X染色體所產生的蛋白質水平不會有太大的差異;949Please respect copyright.PENANA119YHP9JIp
男性只有一條X染色體,而X inactivation亦不會發生。949Please respect copyright.PENANAqkWjYcmtXu
949Please respect copyright.PENANAwLYTO0w2al
949Please respect copyright.PENANA6DvTo80zHR
但有時候,有一些X chromosome區域並沒有被抑制下來,造就女性身上某些蛋白質的數量會比男性為高。949Please respect copyright.PENANANDJW8Suxqo
949Please respect copyright.PENANAr3mXTplTP1
而現今發現,有至少四種蛋白質普遍上並沒有被X inactivation機制抑制下來。949Please respect copyright.PENANA8h5HXPQjFS
949Please respect copyright.PENANApiLSvNuAe1
949Please respect copyright.PENANA5ALu1ktudT949Please respect copyright.PENANAVJ1HfRvp3J
949Please respect copyright.PENANAKlITZDk59J
949Please respect copyright.PENANAXBFOOb2Vcz
(圖3)Kdm5c就是其中一隻沒有被抑制下來的蛋白質,它是一種histone deacetylase,簡單來說就是有著控制基因上那一些蛋白質能夠產生出來,那一些不能產生出來的權力。949Please respect copyright.PENANAUreGDZiBTy
949Please respect copyright.PENANAYbVKlLJorL
科學家用上不同的實驗證實,Kdm5c有著控制幹細胞較容易變成為脂肪細胞的功能。949Please respect copyright.PENANAjfccyOgv1y
949Please respect copyright.PENANAR6otJIDJPo
在老鼠上,Kdm5c數量的多少,對於進食的數量並沒有太大的變化,但Kedm5c數量較多的老鼠身上則有著更多的脂肪。949Please respect copyright.PENANADlRM7PcBEl
949Please respect copyright.PENANAkGzbr67tuC
而對比七百多名孖生女性體內Kdm5c數量及其BMI的話,亦能發現有著正比的關係。949Please respect copyright.PENANASQ1t7Hkaay
949Please respect copyright.PENANA9TSeNzhubQ
女士先天上較易產生更多的脂肪,將有助懷孕的時候給予嬰兒更多的保護及營養需要。949Please respect copyright.PENANASUyAP4YVGU
而Kdm5c這蛋白質是否為此先天性上而設,暫時還沒有決定性的實驗能夠證實。949Please respect copyright.PENANAPT19i9jcpW
949Please respect copyright.PENANAsfc0l8U1vz
至於能否利用基因技術或者藥物來抑制Kdm5c的數量或功效而達至減肥功效,暫時亦沒有任何的數據,而且Kdm5c顯然不只是局限於影響脂肪新陳代謝這一方面,隨意抑壓的話相當有機會會導致不良的副作用效果。949Please respect copyright.PENANAb3uMrOfR5F
949Please respect copyright.PENANAaDuHfGrj6w
949Please respect copyright.PENANAP6n7XCyczo
如果想我快啲出文的話,請入去Penana網站科普專欄–薯不揀單俾一個like以及Bookmark,這對我非常之重要。949Please respect copyright.PENANAhc5DmgkWr6
949Please respect copyright.PENANANheAv9HRDV
Link: https://www.penana.com/story/66244/%E7%A7%91%E6%99%AE%E5%B0%88%E6%AC%84-%E8%96%AF%E4%B8%8D%E6%8F%80%E5%96%AE/toc949Please respect copyright.PENANAU1EWVUZsJD
949Please respect copyright.PENANAJ7ieiDzE20
同時亦可以在Penana網站裡按「買一嚿/半嚿薯仔」,以課金的方式推動我繼續搜羅資料寫文,多謝。949Please respect copyright.PENANAQPRd1Gxfm7
949Please respect copyright.PENANABVR5MhzmLt
Link:949Please respect copyright.PENANA4ElbCk6b06
https://www.penana.com/user/27349/%E8%96%AF%E4%BB%94%E8%81%9E%E8%8C%B1%E8%8E%89/portfolio949Please respect copyright.PENANAOpDr0TysOo
949Please respect copyright.PENANA84W8eNmQgZ
949Please respect copyright.PENANAPgSCB6ff3i
有興趣接收科普資訊的話,歡迎follow IG: potatopigtongue。949Please respect copyright.PENANASmmIWfeAeZ
949Please respect copyright.PENANA9Md7Hkwngk
949Please respect copyright.PENANAhbblLYhGqC
Ref1:https://www.jci.org/articles/view/140223949Please respect copyright.PENANAf0Z0Y8ZuvD