減肥是不少女性、又或者亦是男性的終身使命。926Please respect copyright.PENANAMl3TISjYIV
先天上,兩性在儲存脂肪及體脂分佈上均有非常不同的地方。926Please respect copyright.PENANADdmWym6W7h
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(圖1)已知的知識中,荷爾蒙及性別染色體在脂肪控制上均扮演著舉足輕重的角色。926Please respect copyright.PENANAPKKn6nOtSk
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普遍來說,女性傾向把脂肪儲存在臀部,而更年期的女性及男性則傾向把脂肪儲存在肚部。926Please respect copyright.PENANAzjvTPHNVm6
926Please respect copyright.PENANAZoYpRO8ByF
增加更年期女性的體內雌激素濃度的話,將能減低脂肪儲存在肚部的傾向,間接證明荷爾蒙對於體脂分佈的影響性。926Please respect copyright.PENANAqG0CDKuNaV
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然而,性別荷爾蒙在青春期發育的時候最為旺盛,但男女性的人體嬰兒及老鼠在發育之前,體脂的分佈亦已有所不同。926Please respect copyright.PENANAcOuadVnlTt
而且,XXY的男性比XY的男性,體脂相對為多。926Please respect copyright.PENANAuKRn7vt0Y7
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這亦暗示性別染色體在脂肪控制上亦扮演著一定的角色。926Please respect copyright.PENANAaEqtONywVO
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而近日就有科學家發表文章(Ref1),解構X染色體導致脂肪相對上較容易增加的原因。926Please respect copyright.PENANA0pHtdzyi2b
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(圖2)X染色體主宰超過800種蛋白質的產生。我們的身體有一道名為X inactivation的機制,使其中一條X染色體不能正常運作,好使蛋白質不會以雙倍的方式產生,造就男性及女性相關於X染色體所產生的蛋白質水平不會有太大的差異;926Please respect copyright.PENANAE5VJ85grEN
男性只有一條X染色體,而X inactivation亦不會發生。926Please respect copyright.PENANAye198b14c5
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但有時候,有一些X chromosome區域並沒有被抑制下來,造就女性身上某些蛋白質的數量會比男性為高。926Please respect copyright.PENANA7S6SI7Taxm
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而現今發現,有至少四種蛋白質普遍上並沒有被X inactivation機制抑制下來。926Please respect copyright.PENANAuXP7dZ3IIy
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(圖3)Kdm5c就是其中一隻沒有被抑制下來的蛋白質,它是一種histone deacetylase,簡單來說就是有著控制基因上那一些蛋白質能夠產生出來,那一些不能產生出來的權力。926Please respect copyright.PENANAMfjJJr8eKj
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科學家用上不同的實驗證實,Kdm5c有著控制幹細胞較容易變成為脂肪細胞的功能。926Please respect copyright.PENANAaIJ4qYeMCX
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在老鼠上,Kdm5c數量的多少,對於進食的數量並沒有太大的變化,但Kedm5c數量較多的老鼠身上則有著更多的脂肪。926Please respect copyright.PENANAYK2QQoec53
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而對比七百多名孖生女性體內Kdm5c數量及其BMI的話,亦能發現有著正比的關係。926Please respect copyright.PENANAd86riVByoY
926Please respect copyright.PENANAdNKt2flPPc
女士先天上較易產生更多的脂肪,將有助懷孕的時候給予嬰兒更多的保護及營養需要。926Please respect copyright.PENANAN3EjjZqnPo
而Kdm5c這蛋白質是否為此先天性上而設,暫時還沒有決定性的實驗能夠證實。926Please respect copyright.PENANAzEjBNG2YfS
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至於能否利用基因技術或者藥物來抑制Kdm5c的數量或功效而達至減肥功效,暫時亦沒有任何的數據,而且Kdm5c顯然不只是局限於影響脂肪新陳代謝這一方面,隨意抑壓的話相當有機會會導致不良的副作用效果。926Please respect copyright.PENANAmLwL33oVqp
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如果想我快啲出文的話,請入去Penana網站科普專欄–薯不揀單俾一個like以及Bookmark,這對我非常之重要。926Please respect copyright.PENANAg74hMjMf8E
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Link: https://www.penana.com/story/66244/%E7%A7%91%E6%99%AE%E5%B0%88%E6%AC%84-%E8%96%AF%E4%B8%8D%E6%8F%80%E5%96%AE/toc926Please respect copyright.PENANAlv7vvZS2qF
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同時亦可以在Penana網站裡按「買一嚿/半嚿薯仔」,以課金的方式推動我繼續搜羅資料寫文,多謝。926Please respect copyright.PENANAPt6CC11Ycc
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Link:926Please respect copyright.PENANAZW0IKab9bP
https://www.penana.com/user/27349/%E8%96%AF%E4%BB%94%E8%81%9E%E8%8C%B1%E8%8E%89/portfolio926Please respect copyright.PENANAXBbKFSJN8P
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有興趣接收科普資訊的話,歡迎follow IG: potatopigtongue。926Please respect copyright.PENANAxcwP50ojPw
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Ref1:https://www.jci.org/articles/view/140223926Please respect copyright.PENANAKAC1qqi8go