高脂低碳餐單,亦即是生酮飲食,越漸普及化,經常標榜為減肥的有效秘方。527Please respect copyright.PENANAqArmIO1Fb4
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的而且確,生酮飲食可以促進脂肪燃燒,而且會大量消耗身體的糖原,而每一個單位的糖原會黏上四個單位的水份關係,生酮飲食短期間會消耗身體水份含量,得以獲取快速的減磅效果。527Please respect copyright.PENANANyLLX5ftzZ
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但另一方面,生酮飲食包含眾多高脂食物,而這些食物一直被指責為心臟病、癡肥糖尿病等的元兇,那麼究竟生酮飲食是好還是壞呢?527Please respect copyright.PENANA09Bm3hzkYc
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(圖2)有科學家進行了人體測試(Ref1),找來14名年齡為27-42歲男性單車運動員,分成兩組進行持續六個月以上的生酮飲食(LCHF)及均衡飲食(Mixed)的飲食管理,成份如圖中所示。527Please respect copyright.PENANAESZw3SC3PP
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(圖3)六個月的餐單後,兩組人各自進食含75克葡萄糖的食物,然後再分別量度血糖及血液胰島素的濃度。527Please respect copyright.PENANAiUIV6hAsEv
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如左圖所示,生酮飲食(LCHF)組別的血糖明顯比均衡飲食(Mixed)為高。527Please respect copyright.PENANApMtOPlJvJq
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而且亦可見生酮飲食(LCHF)組別胰島素的產生時間較均衡飲食(Mixed)為延遲。527Please respect copyright.PENANAhFb0BHUxbX
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這歸咎於生酮飲食(LCHF)組別的肌肉擁有較少GLUT4及IRS1蛋白質;527Please respect copyright.PENANAa2BM4M2XQF
GLUT4及IRS1分別為其中一種負責吸取葡萄糖及接收胰島素的蛋白質。527Please respect copyright.PENANAN7q8Jt3QKp
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(圖4)雖然兩組人員在血糖及胰島素相關方面有顯著分別,但各種與新陳代謝有關的蛋白酶以及肌肉組成的比例,並沒有因為飲食不同而有所轉變。527Please respect copyright.PENANAydgl5bSOHU
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當然,與新陳代謝有關的蛋白酶數量繁多,不能擔保表外的蛋白酶會否有所影響。527Please respect copyright.PENANA6c550M3odG
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生酮飲食測試者需要更長的時間才能降低血糖,相信是因為長期攝取低碳水化合物而引起的轉變,會否因此增加糖尿病的機會還成未知之數;527Please respect copyright.PENANA1dhxfy8pdI
不過生酮飲食本身就是低糖飲食,血糖理論上不會超標,所以根本沒有相干。527Please respect copyright.PENANAq7oHQsu487
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之於生酮飲食究竟會否引起心臟病等問題,還有待更詳細的長期人體實驗才能證實得到。527Please respect copyright.PENANAFN3yAtm7Do
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Ref1:https://journals.humankinetics.com/view/journals/ijsnem/30/3/article-p210.xml527Please respect copyright.PENANAE71LIXCNIx