其中一道腫瘤形成的理論,就是經過無數基因異變的洗滌下,有助癌細胞生長的基因(Oncogene)不斷產生出來對它們有利的蛋白質,而負責抑制癌細胞生長的基因(Tumor Suppressor)則失去功用,沒能產生出制衝它們的蛋白質。472Please respect copyright.PENANAQxEX8WarWM
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在製藥角度來看,對付Oncogene常理上較為合理,畢竟抑制事物比起激發事物會來得更為容易。472Please respect copyright.PENANAmRmQFjB6ds
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(圖2)P53蛋白質是其中一隻Tumor Suppressor,它最常見的變異版本就R175H,意思是它的第175個氨基酸發生了異變。472Please respect copyright.PENANA1xpjbQXqe3
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P53蛋白質延伸閱讀:472Please respect copyright.PENANAfKwUHZq8Ec
分半鐘科學–缺氧對癌細胞的好處472Please respect copyright.PENANALFfGUHPbPD
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雖然P53蛋白質主要是位於細胞內部,但當中會有一小節的蛋白質會表達在細胞表面上,名為新生抗原(Neoantigen),數量極為稀少,可以少至1顆細胞只有10塊表達在其表面上。472Please respect copyright.PENANA5y7lxU723D
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現時有科學家開始從針對Tumor Suppressor入手,製作出「雙面人」抗體(Bispecific antibodies),一面辨認癌細胞的新生抗原,另一面則會辨認免疫細胞T cell,目的就是希望透過雙面人抗體拉近免疫細胞與癌細胞的距離,促使免疫細胞更有效率地對癌細胞進行皇天擊殺。472Please respect copyright.PENANAb9vSEsDWO4
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(圖3)對老鼠注射平均表面每顆平均只有2塊變種版本新生抗原的癌細胞,七日後可從螢光技術見得到腫瘤有著增大的趨勢。472Please respect copyright.PENANA5NhOxX0mac
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而注射能辨認P53蛋白質R175H變種的雙面人抗體後,腫瘤體積顯著有所減少。472Please respect copyright.PENANARd3RdHvLkr
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這技術的好處是能夠針對殺滅擁有特定變異基因的癌細胞,但基於每顆癌細胞的變異位置及程度均有所不同,要活用這技術的話便必須要獲取該病人的癌細胞基因變異狀況。472Please respect copyright.PENANAlHjbw0Mvra
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螢光技術延伸閱讀:472Please respect copyright.PENANALDYO2T4YvL
三十秒科學–透視癌細胞472Please respect copyright.PENANA00Qpzhqw3Z
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Ref1:https://science.sciencemag.org/content/early/2021/02/26/science.abc8697472Please respect copyright.PENANAl7xUro1VkH