上集提及自90年代起,科學家便開始著手研究利用mRNA的方式試圖在老鼠身上製造對應的蛋白質。站在免疫細胞的角度來看,外來的mRNA終歸是外來之物,並非身體自然產生形成,故此必須鏟除。554Please respect copyright.PENANAYwicII9y01
554Please respect copyright.PENANAUC9BqioSiO
554Please respect copyright.PENANA3nSBj31t6d
而在消滅外物的過程中,一系列的免疫反應亦將會啟動。正因如此,若然想將此mRNA技術套用在人類身上的話,科學家必須想辦法使外來的mRNA免受免疫細胞消滅,同時亦需壓抑免疫反應的產生。554Please respect copyright.PENANAu4plWPN9as
554Please respect copyright.PENANARGFLnFiM2H
這樣才能使mRNA能順利進入預想的目的地(身體細胞) ,以及減低對身體細胞不必要的負荷產生。554Please respect copyright.PENANAW00pwI3JLD
554Please respect copyright.PENANAP4LvT7h7tD
(圖2)在科學家尋找辦法其間,他們受到一道非常重要的研究啟發。554Please respect copyright.PENANAr7nllnVtXg
554Please respect copyright.PENANARIZkBfk0xH
554Please respect copyright.PENANA6myh87BOu9
對比哺乳動物的DNA,細菌的DNA在人體裡會產生更強烈的免疫反應。554Please respect copyright.PENANAiT1An7Xni1
尋尋覓覓,科學家們發現,形成此現象的其中一因由是出於哺乳動物的DNA基因排組中,在C及G密集區域裡頻繁出現名為methylation的改造;554Please respect copyright.PENANAMxNb0O51Ie
細菌的DNA並沒有頻繁出現這種改造,因此更容易觸發人體的免疫系統反應。554Please respect copyright.PENANA6z6R0Ide8f
554Please respect copyright.PENANAQ0esJSBoSp
(圖3)其後,科學家們發現RNA跟DNA一樣,有著不同形形式式的改造,而個別的改造亦有著躲避免疫系統追捕的功能。554Please respect copyright.PENANAFufNj9Zkys
554Please respect copyright.PENANAvCrwXZuf6J
554Please respect copyright.PENANAHCLpzYewVT
更甚的是,不同款式病毒的RNA,其改造結構的出現比普通細胞出現得更為頻繁且為獨特,這亦使科學家們更為堅信,改造mRNA的結構將可成為壓抑產生免疫反應的其中一手段。554Please respect copyright.PENANA08zaiur9iG
554Please respect copyright.PENANAqMY6FCyI2G
(圖4)積累多年來的研究成果,現時武肺輝瑞mRNA疫苗的mRNA正有著名為N1-methylpseudouridine (m1Ψ)的結構改造,這不但能大大減低我們體內對mRNA所產生的免疫系統反應,同時亦有助mRNA在我們細胞內產生武肺S蛋白質,繼而讓免疫系統辨認及製作對應的抗體。554Please respect copyright.PENANAxBpqehO0Bm
554Please respect copyright.PENANAuxdkXorVKM
554Please respect copyright.PENANA9vlg9IPf2C
554Please respect copyright.PENANAcO1xPyB7jp
554Please respect copyright.PENANAhl8H07QVLw
如果想我快啲出文的話,請入去Penana網站科普專欄–薯不揀單俾一個like以及Bookmark,這對我非常之重要。554Please respect copyright.PENANADbKd8XPgCH
554Please respect copyright.PENANApDTAhiTMOH
Link: https://www.penana.com/story/66244/%E7%A7%91%E6%99%AE%E5%B0%88%E6%AC%84-%E8%96%AF%E4%B8%8D%E6%8F%80%E5%96%AE/toc554Please respect copyright.PENANA7m1BMI8WNd
554Please respect copyright.PENANAv4qugH5Ym3
同時亦可以在Penana網站裡按「買一嚿/半嚿薯仔」,以課金的方式推動我繼續搜羅資料寫文,多謝。554Please respect copyright.PENANAzkQ6kp5qYp
554Please respect copyright.PENANAJYzFVDjYvr
Link:554Please respect copyright.PENANAnVPozfeJUP
https://www.penana.com/user/27349/%E8%96%AF%E4%BB%94%E8%81%9E%E8%8C%B1%E8%8E%89/portfolio554Please respect copyright.PENANALDe2v0cQFq
554Please respect copyright.PENANAmU1gI6m0Ic
554Please respect copyright.PENANAn90q56d8y0
除非Facebook及IG重開侵侵的account,否則我的IG將不會再作更新,只會寄居本土LIHKG及Penana。554Please respect copyright.PENANADDB2UmwNaC
554Please respect copyright.PENANAx9A81h4Wun
Ref1:https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acscentsci.1c00197554Please respect copyright.PENANA06bWeFdOWr
Ref2:https://www.cell.com/immunity/fulltext/S1074-7613(05)00211-6554Please respect copyright.PENANAjBzMuOJFZI
Ref3:https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0168365915300948?via%3Dihub554Please respect copyright.PENANAR6IU6d74n6