這系列的第一集,我們講解了PD1/PDL1的運作原理。1219Please respect copyright.PENANALKzVcJpVpP
Link: https://www.penana.com/article/4711251219Please respect copyright.PENANAfEivqWGjJt
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第二集我們講述了CTLA4與T cell功用的關係。1219Please respect copyright.PENANApoQYFf0S5X
Link:https://www.penana.com/article/4724801219Please respect copyright.PENANAmNgsV4ajll
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今次第三集這一篇,我們將會講述增加T cell有效抵達癌細胞所在位置的其中一種手段。1219Please respect copyright.PENANA4fCTERPeE5
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(圖2)有不少種類的癌細胞會抑壓與免疫系統相關的機制(RIG-1,JAK,PKR等等),從而盡量減低T cell或免疫細胞前來自身位置的機會。1219Please respect copyright.PENANAD8K42fx9Gy
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但免疫系統機制的喪失或銳弱,換來的將會是失去抵禦病毒入侵的能力。1219Please respect copyright.PENANAYI4qpr7eBS
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而能夠在癌細胞裡頭任意進行複製及破壞的病毒,又不會對普通細胞進行過大傷害的,我們稱它為Oncolytic virus。1219Please respect copyright.PENANAOQkPWCwsgB
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這些Oncolytic virus可以是自然存在的病毒,亦可以是被基因改造過的人工病毒。1219Please respect copyright.PENANAYP8DN8NuXI
2006年,中國批准利用Oncolytic virus手段醫治鼻咽癌,而2015年美國FDA及歐洲EMA亦批准這種手段可以用在醫治皮膚癌之上。1219Please respect copyright.PENANAJlb6GEtI97
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(圖3)近日有科學家發表文章(Ref1),結合Oncolytic virus及免疫系統治療方式來醫治實驗室細胞及老鼠身上的癌細胞。1219Please respect copyright.PENANAT3Un0lAv6t
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他們利用基因改造方式製作Oncolytic virus,目的就是想細胞被病毒感染後會不斷產生沒有功用的tCD19組件。1219Please respect copyright.PENANA28JtC4fEko
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在圖中可以清楚看得見,標記為藍色的癌細胞受到病毒感染後,會在自己外圍生產被標記為粉紅色的tCD19組件。1219Please respect copyright.PENANA5fyUf6ZtrW
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其後,他們製作出能夠辨認tCD19的T cell(整套技術的學術名稱為Chimeric antigen receptor T cell,這裡我們稱之為tCD19-CAR T cell),再放入老鼠身體之內。1219Please respect copyright.PENANAfKI9t8EnUo
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這些tCD19-CAR T cell只會辨認外圍擁有tCD19的細胞,並對其進行殲滅。1219Please respect copyright.PENANAbGnMen3bb3
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因為tCD19並不自然存在普通細胞裡,所以它們只會殺滅受病毒感染的癌細胞;1219Please respect copyright.PENANADC0jhDUCA4
普通健康細胞擁有健全的免疫系統相關機制,因此能夠阻止病毒在自己裡頭繁殖,亦避免了tCD19的產生。1219Please respect copyright.PENANAVMDnqbyKhR
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他們在文章清楚顯示,加進Oncolytic virus及tCD19-CAR T cell後能夠有效殺滅老鼠身上的癌細胞。同時他們亦發現得到,癌細胞被殺滅後會同時釋發出病毒,而病毒亦會順之然感染附近的癌細胞,以火燒連環船的方式將tCD19散發開去。1219Please respect copyright.PENANAnW0JxPDqnG
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這種手段能否在人體上實際運用,還需要一系列的改進及臨床實驗才能得出結論,但無疑的是若然能夠成功配上Oncolytic Virus及CAR Tcell的組合,定必能夠加強免疫細胞鎖定癌細胞所在位置的能力,以三管齊下的方式(PD1/CLTA4/Virus-CARTCell)把癌細胞滅絕。1219Please respect copyright.PENANAyLzCY6xfOP
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如果想我快啲出文的話,請入去Penana網站科普專欄–薯不揀單俾一個like以及Bookmark,這對我非常之重要。1219Please respect copyright.PENANAL9mq4Wcvsc
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Link: https://www.penana.com/story/66244/%E7%A7%91%E6%99%AE%E5%B0%88%E6%AC%84-%E8%96%AF%E4%B8%8D%E6%8F%80%E5%96%AE/toc1219Please respect copyright.PENANAPiEvZsUBZi
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同時亦可以在Penana網站裡按「買一嚿/半嚿薯仔」,以課金的方式推動我繼續搜羅資料寫文,多謝。1219Please respect copyright.PENANAsrIwcAcY49
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Link:1219Please respect copyright.PENANAboB7y0L6J1
https://www.penana.com/user/27349/%E8%96%AF%E4%BB%94%E8%81%9E%E8%8C%B1%E8%8E%89/portfolio1219Please respect copyright.PENANAFFxBh3bNDa
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有興趣接收科學資訊的話,歡迎follow IG: potatopigtongue。1219Please respect copyright.PENANAapneCkUrmD
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Ref1:https://stm.sciencemag.org/content/12/559/eaaz1863