癌細胞逃避免疫細胞追殺的手段何其之多，除了較早前提及的PD1/PD1L手段之外，他們亦會用上民建聯蛇齋餅糉的手段應對免疫細胞。356Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZHEDg8JyOS
356Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLkNbVusvDY
356Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtQNeGNt0Z4
PD1/PD1L手段:https://lih.kg/gzGnLS356Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3YOKA9vm8o
356Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBa1Y7Ulw59
356Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKLmLhBg0uA
（圖2）癌細胞(尤其是腦癌)會表達大量的TDO蛋白酶，TDO蛋白酶會將從外來吸取的氨基酸Tryptophan代謝成為Kynureine;356Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡyQLgsSCtvk
整個代謝過程是在癌細胞的內部發生。356Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQ8B1Fg43gQ
356Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1Uxy5D94Pd
356Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpcCx3O9dLs
（圖3）癌細胞可以自用Kynurenine來觸發AhR蛋白質，輔助自己的生長。356Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ68IvBSKLaD
356Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡiNroKWF1vL
同時間，癌細胞亦可將Kynurenine排出四周，而當周遭的免疫細胞吸取Kynurenine後，他們殲滅癌細胞的能力便會下降。356Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡcaV6rRzK2x
356Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBbqlAhUcPG
亦即是說，當免疫細胞獲取癌細胞所提供的蛇齋餅糉（Kynurenine）後，隨之便會被成功收買，不再侵襲癌細胞。356Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzkCFG7HPkj
356Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8OtJYEYcug
（圖4）除Kynurenine外，二噁英亦能觸發AhR蛋白質，為癌細胞締造一道美好的生存環境。356Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡuEqSorHN6p
356Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡv2zuAa87rn
356Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ38krVL8cWa
現今有不少癌症藥物正試圖阻隔AhR蛋白質的觸發來消滅癌症，但亦有證據指出過度阻隔AhR蛋白質有機會反而助長癌細胞的生長，以及引發不良的過敏炎症。356Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdT5r3eYbgP
356Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqz37A1zFIP
除研發阻隔AhR蛋白質藥物外，亦有一道方向是研發藥物減低周遭的Kynurenine濃度，減低癌細胞弱化周遭免疫細胞的能力。356Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCbbME9PGGD
356Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡuuUJKUOTiL
若然成功，或許能配合現有的免疫治療PD1方法加強效果，消滅癌症。356Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡloMygNLCXT
356Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJ3VpsTSvrO
如果想我快啲出文的話，請入去Penana網站科普專欄–薯不揀單俾一個like以及Bookmark，這對我非常之重要。356Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ91lSycxJ73
356Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡiJN5oB8eKO
Link: https://www.penana.com/story/66244/%E7%A7%91%E6%99%AE%E5%B0%88%E6%AC%84-%E8%96%AF%E4%B8%8D%E6%8F%80%E5%96%AE/toc356Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2E4DuILmAe
356Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCuswq6JJ7k
同時亦可以在Penana網站裡按「買一嚿/半嚿薯仔」，以課金的方式推動我繼續搜羅資料寫文，多謝。356Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡR3jcqtt75t
356Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡuQyToGdcZ5
Link:356Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXThDMJpMYy
https://www.penana.com/user/27349/%E8%96%AF%E4%BB%94%E8%81%9E%E8%8C%B1%E8%8E%89/portfolio356Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqElgd90fca
356Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTxBw5c0Z3m
356Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtKu95v7QOQ
基於WhatsApp/Facebook等問題，IG將不會再作更新，只會寄居本土LIHKG及Penana。356Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbdnbwGG9nz
356Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwteETJqOch
Ref1:https://www.nature.com/articles/nature10491356Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡang7aONuRW
Ref2:https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165614717302249356Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJT2M2iocx1
