化療殺滅癌細胞的效率非常參差,有些情況更反而會導致癌細胞加速生長,究竟為何會這樣?479Please respect copyright.PENANAOOWY2JLg1q479Please respect copyright.PENANA0FBLoj7d9k
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(圖2)使用化療藥物過後,某些癌細胞的確是會歸西死亡。479Please respect copyright.PENANADWzzMAU2ih
而細胞死亡的方式有好幾種,其中兩種為Apoptosis及Necrosis。479Please respect copyright.PENANAw1H0JmbYXB479Please respect copyright.PENANAcEvWZEdfny
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如圖中所見,進行Apoptosis的細胞會呈完整球狀,屍體相對的體積較大。479Please respect copyright.PENANAIMXu8EU9yU
而進行Necrosis的細胞則會分成為不規則的碎塊,體積亦較細。479Please respect copyright.PENANAGxVsuKWhQu
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(圖3)形象化來說,Apoptosis就是曲奇餅,而Necrosis就是曲奇餅碎。479Please respect copyright.PENANAsMrqxPNmR6479Please respect copyright.PENANA3Vl4ESQe65
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(圖4)癌細胞被化療藥物殺死後,若進行Necrosis,鄰近沒受化療影響的癌細胞便會啟動一道名為Macropinocytosis的機制,將死亡的細胞吞噬,作營養供用使自己繼續成長,抵禦化療藥物所帶來的困境。479Please respect copyright.PENANAaEphgk1zjy479Please respect copyright.PENANA9AK5U1638e
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但細胞進行Apoptosis的話,因屍體體積過大,鄰近的細胞便不能把其吞噬。479Please respect copyright.PENANAG548BdqikI
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並不是所有癌細胞亦能懂得施展Macropinocytosis,而整個機制學界亦在模索之中,只知道某些基因如PI3K或Ras進行突變的話,Macropinocytosis發生的機率亦會較大。479Please respect copyright.PENANAA6cAJKErB2
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若能掌握整套機制及研發藥物制止Macropinocytosis的發生,並在化療藥物其間同時使用,便能壓抑癌細胞吞噬死亡細胞的機制,大大增加化療的效果。479Please respect copyright.PENANAZbO85HMmB4
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Ref1:https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-020-14928-3479Please respect copyright.PENANAytfUKfD2AX