季候鳥每年均會因天氣轉變而遷居,部份雀鳥更因此需要跨過地中海及撒哈拉沙漠。863Please respect copyright.PENANAHQRovtlMNx
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有科學家為了探討那些雀鳥的飛行環境,特意為每年均需跨過地中海及撒哈拉沙漠的大葦鶯安裝紀錄儀器,藉此了解牠們的飛行時數、高度及溫度等。863Please respect copyright.PENANA68whxjUtUP
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(圖2)科學家們獲得了14隻雀鳥的23次長途飛行的記錄(9次為秋天、14次為春天時份),圖中藍色線為春天旅途、啡色為秋天旅途,其連續飛行時段為12.1-34.2小時不等。863Please respect copyright.PENANAkHOX1SamFn
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(圖3)有趣的是,雀鳥在日照時候的飛行高度對比晚上時份會特別的高,早上(5367 ± 589 米 海拔)、晚上(2394 ± 1270 米 海拔)。863Please respect copyright.PENANAcA1JERseuY
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而飛行時的周遭溫度,晚上為13.8 ± 9.0°C,而日照時則為–9.3 ± 3.9°C。863Please respect copyright.PENANACtaEUHwgJF
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為何日照時份的飛行高度要特別的提高呢?863Please respect copyright.PENANAwUuIjzeU63
科學家暫時還沒能找出確實理由,只能作出假設。863Please respect copyright.PENANA9R0GgYvVCC
其中一假設是,日照時份陽光照射的溫度會使牠們身體過熱,所以牠們特意飛高到溫度較低的高度從而降溫。863Please respect copyright.PENANAjrOtP7K1r6
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(圖4)另一假設是,有記錄記載捕食季候鳥的老鷹約在3500米海拔飛行,季候鳥在日照時份特意攀升,有可能是為了飛得比老鷹更高,逃避其追捕。863Please respect copyright.PENANAaSkqIRyHMx
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Ref1:https://science.sciencemag.org/content/372/6542/646863Please respect copyright.PENANAeS3QimWcgz