食魚會使人變得更聰明,這句說話很大程度上可能是建基於不少魚類含有大量OMEGA3脂肪酸。591Please respect copyright.PENANAGFQB6S9Vjm
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DHA是OMEGA3脂肪酸的一種,有實驗證據(Ref1)顯示有助老鼠大腦發展,故此被推算能預防人類腦退化症的發生,又或者輾轉被認定可以使人變得更加聰明。591Please respect copyright.PENANA18VcNBdw2x
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無論如何,媒體廣告經常渲染DHA對人體非常有益,尤其是標榜魚肝油產品含有好多DHA,非常值得進食,這究竟可不可信呢?591Please respect copyright.PENANAqOyelFCdrf
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(圖2)基於個別某幾種蛋白酶數量不足的關係,我們的腦部只能產生極為微量的DHA,而肝臟亦只能夠產生相對少量DHA,因此DHA的獲取來源主要均依靠飲食得來。591Please respect copyright.PENANA5b58VS3PYK
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但有研究發現(Ref1,2),餵飼老鼠DHA的話,血液、心臟及肝臟DHA含量雖然的確有所提高,但腦部的DHA水平則無任何大變化。591Please respect copyright.PENANAOyIt37xvoD
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若然DHA無法進入腦部的話,亦沒能夠為大腦帶來正面影響。591Please respect copyright.PENANABNKpWTMUtV
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(圖3)經過一系列的研究後,科學家發現Mfsd2a是腦部負責從血管接收DHA的蛋白質(Ref3,4),它傾向接收與磷脂LPC結合的DHA,而不太傾向接納其他狀態的DHA。591Please respect copyright.PENANAi4mg89QijV
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這亦解釋得到,為何單獨餵飼老鼠DHA並不會引起腦部的DHA水平提升,原因是它並不是處於與LPC連結的狀態。591Please respect copyright.PENANACRkBB96Fu7
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然而,這個機制僅是腦部獨有,因此心臟、肝臟以及脂肪組織均能輕易有效攝取DHA,以及與磷脂LPC結合的DHA。591Please respect copyright.PENANAXCjxr9qDje
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(圖4)有研究(Ref5,6)指出,DHA與磷脂LPC的sn-2位置結合的話,DHA進入腦部的效果會更好。但亦有研究(Ref1)指sn-1或者sn-2均無任何大影響。591Please respect copyright.PENANAFaKlLfDBcK
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這些在老鼠大腦進行的研究,能否百分百套用在人類身上還是未知之數。591Please respect copyright.PENANAByMnxz5ww4
但若然初心是想讓大腦攝取DHA的話,選購健康產品的時候還是留意一下究竟相應的DHA究竟是處於甚麼狀態為好。591Please respect copyright.PENANA0HoPyDH0ku
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至於日常飲食的話,磷蝦油(Krill Oil)則對比魚油相對上含有較多與磷脂結合的DHA。591Please respect copyright.PENANAbLugSl0nBm
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吃魚會使人變得更聰明,日後可能要改寫成為磷蝦了。591Please respect copyright.PENANAJWcn42NPU4
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Ref1:https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-017-11766-0591Please respect copyright.PENANAiOtT2wsPcy
Ref2:https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0098299717301358#bib304591Please respect copyright.PENANAVJcWrSUEWw
Ref3:https://www.nature.com/articles/nature13241591Please respect copyright.PENANAmEi1vwQ32q
Ref4:https://portlandpress.com/biochemj/article-abstract/345/1/61/34800/Characterization-of-plasma-unsaturated?redirectedFrom=fulltext591Please respect copyright.PENANAdeG32DNg6k
Ref5:https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1992.tb08353.x591Please respect copyright.PENANAAeiaiQ7DqP
Ref6:https://journals.physiology.org/doi/abs/10.1152/ajpregu.1994.267.5.R1273?casa_token=1ZAjjbsr9IUAAAAA:GSyyUhEOi025bD-GJBWZFJqa8JrLt4HV9a9z3qqxJug7nP8x9bOoPUa1xJcixYkRJWXBWQ6ohZGHhw591Please respect copyright.PENANAgrfkWIhkjO