真菌感染(Fungi Infection)約引致全球每年約二百萬人的死亡,而現今對抗真菌(Fungi)的藥物類別主要共分為三大類別。499Please respect copyright.PENANAtkunzIXvpA
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(圖2)三大類別的藥物機制雖有不同,但最終目的均是透過破壞真菌的外層結構來抑制其生長。499Please respect copyright.PENANAaL7FkyXGmj
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1.Azole499Please respect copyright.PENANAaqOHEKJXrt
抑制構成細胞膜的Ergosterol產生499Please respect copyright.PENANA1bRCKHv0Gr
2. Polyene499Please respect copyright.PENANASxQkuB732h
消耗細胞膜的Ergosterol499Please respect copyright.PENANAliYZjFrhl0
3. Echinocandins499Please respect copyright.PENANAgq5n45Cb8t
抑制構成細胞外層的糖分組織產生499Please respect copyright.PENANAGCfgh4bh6O
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(圖3)然而,現今出現了某一類別的Candida auris,上述三款的藥物均對它無法作出顯著功效。499Please respect copyright.PENANAf4gcxKExu8
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它能夠透過血液循環系統走進全身各部位,引發感染。499Please respect copyright.PENANAC06MZWv6aS
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就在2018年,英國急症室病人出現大規模Candida auris的感染,後來證實為共用探熱針所致(Ref1)。499Please respect copyright.PENANAB1K6fHqn32
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(圖4)有科學家近日發表文章(Ref2),在居住在深海生物的微生物中分離出命名為Turbinmicin的天然物質。499Please respect copyright.PENANA6JFYxNT3IR
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Turbinmicin能有效抑制不同真菌品種,包括Candida auris。499Please respect copyright.PENANA42kWLVZH2T
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它的機制乃為影響內部的蛋白質運輸,與現今三類抑制外圍結構的機制不同,可能因而能夠擊殺得到抵擋現今三大類藥物的Candida auris。499Please respect copyright.PENANAU4idaKCL4A
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它並不會對人體的紅血球造成傷害,高劑量的使用亦沒有對老鼠做成影響,同時亦能治理Candida auris在老鼠體內所引發的感染。499Please respect copyright.PENANAlNnh7h868z
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但會否引起副作用或其他問題,還需要進一步的研究確實後,才能開啟人類試驗。499Please respect copyright.PENANAbvEVxhltlD
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深海一直是未被深入發掘的領域,這一次找到對抗耐藥真菌曙光,日後可能會繼續有意想不到的驚喜。499Please respect copyright.PENANA197FAHNuYI
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有興趣接收科學資訊的話,歡迎follow IG: potatopigtongue。499Please respect copyright.PENANAOYivzuQRPy
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Ref1:https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMc1900112499Please respect copyright.PENANAEvATIM2fEV
Ref2:https://science.sciencemag.org/content/370/6519/974499Please respect copyright.PENANADmPJP3dHuJ