此命題由汪汪真鳩喂(#5523)巴打提供,在此作出致謝。533Please respect copyright.PENANAqvPnxcZnLX
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貓捉老鼠,天公地義,警黑合作,違背道義。533Please respect copyright.PENANAdHvuA8kbH7
在回答貓隻究竟會否因為捉老鼠而患上鼠疫(Plague)之前,我們先行快速了解一下鼠疫的背景資料。533Please respect copyright.PENANA7xbaFfZjkn
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鼠疫至少釀成全球二億人的死亡,由細菌Yersinia pestis 引致,為1894年細菌學家Alexandre Yersin在香港鼠疫爆發時搵出,因此取其名字Yersinia命名(Ref1);533Please respect copyright.PENANAimp6gqfU24
同期亦有一名日本科學家同在香港相近時間分離出致病的細菌,但因報告內容有些許具爭議性的地方,功勞普遍被嘉許在前者身上。533Please respect copyright.PENANAQ0jZmyAPCa
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鼠疫在人類史上可分為三大時期,分別為:533Please respect copyright.PENANASXca6YOBsM
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1. 第6-8世紀時期的查士丁尼瘟疫533Please respect copyright.PENANAzO35Z2dPER
(Justinian’s Plague)533Please respect copyright.PENANAwHjT4BqQZc
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2.第14-18世紀別名為黑死病的瘟疫533Please respect copyright.PENANAP94Mc10oP1
(Black Death)533Please respect copyright.PENANAWEGQCeAe7Y
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3.現代533Please respect copyright.PENANANyXqwfJ8xr
(近期較為大型的一次為發生在2017年馬達加斯加,釀成202人死)533Please respect copyright.PENANAXceFVBIbxV
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雖然鼠疫歷史長久,但疫苗研究側重在其他疾病上的關係,現時其實並沒有具高效力的疫苗在市面,不少疫苗還停留在臨床研究階段當中;533Please respect copyright.PENANAcSU9VSHmMo
美軍在越戰所用的疫苗,效果被證實非常參差,而且大部份接種者均展示出強烈的不良反應。533Please respect copyright.PENANANkSPMgEdLu
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(圖2)雖然我們用上鼠疫在形容此疾病,但Yersinia pestis細菌其實是寄宿在蝨的身體裡頭,藉著蝨的幫助下傳播開去。533Please respect copyright.PENANA5RpXjoYCDS
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受感染的蝨會寄居在囓齒動物身上,促使被咬的囓齒動物將會感染鼠疫。533Please respect copyright.PENANAVFGGdWd5SM
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現今的Yersinia pestis細菌品種,相信是透過蝨與囓齒動物不斷的互相傳遞而演發出來。533Please respect copyright.PENANApmMbolCsOr
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之於人類患上鼠疫的途徑,則主要是接觸受鼠疫感染的動物、遭受感染的蝨咬傷或吸入受感染的動物體液所致。533Please respect copyright.PENANA1TLddEDHzC
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(圖3)鼠疫可以大致分為三大類,Bubonic plague、Septicemic plague及Pneumonic plague,其分別及特徵一律在圖中列出。533Please respect copyright.PENANA863HODdZjw
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(圖4)而非常遺憾的是,貓隻是可以因捕捉受感染的鼠隻而患上鼠疫的。533Please respect copyright.PENANA0s773dOjO0
貓隻大多數的感染個案為Bubonic plague(Ref2),主人有機會因為被寄宿在貓隻身上受感染的蝨所咬而患上Bubonic plague,但亦有個別個案因為主人與貓隻親吻,因而接觸貓隻口水而患上Pneumonic plague。533Please respect copyright.PENANAhhjYKql3Cy
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當然,圖中所列舉的徵狀只是概論,一切由專業獸醫診斷為最準,而治療的手法跟治療人的方式一樣,一般開上抗生素作治療,而有必要時亦可能會隔離貓隻3日或以上。533Please respect copyright.PENANAoJGDrxMp61
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各位巴絲想到有趣話題的話,不妨在留言提出,話題有趣且我有能力講解的話,將會被製作成為深入淺出的題材。533Please respect copyright.PENANA4RyCcvY05k
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如果想我快啲出文的話,請入去Penana網站科普專欄–薯不揀單俾一個like以及Bookmark,這對我非常之重要。533Please respect copyright.PENANAJxXPqzzW3Y
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Link: https://www.penana.com/story/66244/%E7%A7%91%E6%99%AE%E5%B0%88%E6%AC%84-%E8%96%AF%E4%B8%8D%E6%8F%80%E5%96%AE/toc533Please respect copyright.PENANApU6AALcVza
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Ref1:https://www.nature.com/articles/s41435-019-0065-0533Please respect copyright.PENANArI9tRLgk3R
Ref2:https://www.merckvetmanual.com/cat-owners/disorders-affecting-multiple-body-systems-of-cats/plague-in-cats533Please respect copyright.PENANAmuoiPyLQXf