動物的品種不同,其特徵亦會有所不同。以狗為例的話,金毛尋羊犬以及臘腸狗就是非常鮮明的例證。427Please respect copyright.PENANAg8MZeJpe2e
427Please respect copyright.PENANAfUqEZ5rcaT
427Please respect copyright.PENANAVoaP7nxaQO
至於牛隻,農場飼養用的大致分為兩種,主力出產牛奶的乳牛(Dairy Cattle)和主力屠宰成肉類出售的肉用牛(Beef Cattle)。427Please respect copyright.PENANAq5IoKlxSTS
427Please respect copyright.PENANAfDcmUXIsYn
各舉一例的話,前者品種例子為Holstein(荷斯坦),而後者則為較為廣泛認識的Angus(安格斯)。427Please respect copyright.PENANAKJV2Mg7D8w
427Please respect copyright.PENANA96SGKH9umT
牛天生會否長角,將視乎品種而定。大多數的乳牛品種天生均長有角,而食用牛多數的品種則天生無角。427Please respect copyright.PENANA7c4mtpHXqz
427Please respect copyright.PENANAtJJy44kS3j
這裡讓農夫感到煩惱的是,乳牛隻會利用頭上的角互相攻擊對方甚至自己。427Please respect copyright.PENANA6ciIXaGWDv
因此慣常的做法會麻醉牛隻然後再進行除角手術,以免牛隻受傷因而損失獲利,但這做法引起動物權益成員的關注及爭議,認為此舉會對牛隻帶來創傷。427Please respect copyright.PENANASjvkRiL3Fp
427Please respect copyright.PENANA3ibhjxdSaW
(圖2)最為有效率及一勞永逸的解決辦法,自當然就是培育沒有長角的品種,一直傳遞下去。427Please respect copyright.PENANAmsrYXYMjqm
有科學家致力尋求發現,發現牛隻基因染色體1的某一段位置的重覆區域,將會導致乳牛品種不會長出牛角。427Please respect copyright.PENANAQdbdcRy3sT
427Please respect copyright.PENANA4t6EBbhNLg
427Please respect copyright.PENANAEDWCsU4nrA
(圖3)因此,他們嘗試抽取長角品種的皮膚細胞,利用CRISPR基因編輯技術在那段基因區域上加添重覆區域(Ref1),再經過一系列的工序,將已編輯的細胞人工培植到牛隻身上,觀察誕下的胎兒會否長出牛角。427Please respect copyright.PENANAAJqB5j01lQ
427Please respect copyright.PENANAQMIVbqzUDj
427Please respect copyright.PENANAzdYlGJh7Py
(圖4)最終所誕下的牛隻的而且確沒有長角,但因器官衰竭等問題很快便與世長辭。427Please respect copyright.PENANAcvMgRwkq93
427Please respect copyright.PENANAHvFLbEZEkC
427Please respect copyright.PENANA7zmaAaoKPP
427Please respect copyright.PENANAl16pvD1wJQ
這研究確實了CRISPR技術在牛隻的應用,但顯然仍有一系列的應用問題需要改善。在這實驗中,6隻人工培植受孕的牛隻中,只有一隻成功誕下嬰兒。427Please respect copyright.PENANAqYsyFNOIQH
427Please respect copyright.PENANA4caTxnMxkq
至於為何不重點培育沒有長角品種的乳牛,原因是牠的產奶量較其他有角品種的最少。427Please respect copyright.PENANACM8EmlDD4C
427Please respect copyright.PENANAemXYRwC0Vx
農父及科學家的最終目標,當然就是希望培植沒有長角而產奶量豐盛的牛隻。但這做法是否符合動物權益,這又會是一場永無休止的辯論。427Please respect copyright.PENANA2iiQ0p1OkR
427Please respect copyright.PENANA1hEpeaDHJv
427Please respect copyright.PENANAiPiDOUWJfX
如果想我快啲出文的話,請入去Penana網站科普專欄–薯不揀單俾一個like以及Bookmark,這對我非常之重要。427Please respect copyright.PENANA0IqtcG9xSp
427Please respect copyright.PENANAkplS1SBLvi
Link: https://www.penana.com/story/66244/%E7%A7%91%E6%99%AE%E5%B0%88%E6%AC%84-%E8%96%AF%E4%B8%8D%E6%8F%80%E5%96%AE/toc427Please respect copyright.PENANA5nQ3hL1gn7
427Please respect copyright.PENANAAExRI1WhOA
同時亦可以在Penana網站裡按「買一嚿/半嚿薯仔」,以課金的方式推動我繼續搜羅資料寫文,多謝。427Please respect copyright.PENANAJdt2QeOxTr
427Please respect copyright.PENANAQ65gBocmQa
Link:427Please respect copyright.PENANAar7QCor0Zx
https://www.penana.com/user/27349/%E8%96%AF%E4%BB%94%E8%81%9E%E8%8C%B1%E8%8E%89/portfolio427Please respect copyright.PENANADYOUzYY5lB
427Please respect copyright.PENANAUbYi1AUfzE
427Please respect copyright.PENANAxzwPDVyHem
有興趣接收科學資訊的話,歡迎follow IG: potatopigtongue。427Please respect copyright.PENANAGM3zJSD9vH
427Please respect copyright.PENANAQ4l5y4zCcT
Ref1:https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-70531-y427Please respect copyright.PENANAFgx5AmkW6v