腫瘤內有一小部份的細胞被稱之為Cancer Stem Cells(CSC),他們對於腫瘤的發展有著莫大的功用。417Please respect copyright.PENANAw4KYbHracN
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化療過後,大部份的癌細胞均會被殲滅,而很多時候只剩下這些CSC能夠生存;417Please respect copyright.PENANAL72pMpvPDL
學術界大多數會稱呼這現象為Minimal Residual Disease。417Please respect copyright.PENANAkIn8AYIHGl
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這些一息尚存的CSC會在某一刻再度發展出新的腫瘤,而與之前腫瘤不同的是,他們會展現出抗藥性,較早前所用的化療藥物再不會對他們見效。417Please respect copyright.PENANA3UjFPQOHEI
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正因如此,現今有不少針對CSC研究一直進行中,希望可以找出辦法消滅這些CSC。417Please respect copyright.PENANAmUg9xHmr1k
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(圖2)CSC之所以非常之難消滅,原因就是他有各式各樣的機制躲避化療追擊,如陳同佳這天下大仆街一樣詭計多端。417Please respect copyright.PENANAY5QRWAyLxq
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其中一例就是CSC會產生名為ABCG2的蛋白質,這些ABCG2蛋白質有著將化療藥物排出細胞體外的效果,導致化療藥物無法長期留在細胞內,大幅度失去藥效。417Please respect copyright.PENANALwc1ZaZnSp
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(圖3)有科學家發現(Ref1),名為SMAR1蛋白質有抑制ABCG2產生的功效。亦即是說,SMAR1蛋白質含量越低的話,ABCG2就越容易能夠生產出來。417Please respect copyright.PENANAiinwSk6LrA
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而CSC內有兩隻名為OCT4及SOX2的蛋白質,他們能夠抑制SMAR1的蛋白質產生,導致ABCG2更容易產生出來,令細胞更容易將藥物排出體外。417Please respect copyright.PENANAwkabFZ3XzW
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(圖4)尋覓已知資料一輪後,阿斯匹靈為已證實可抑制OCT4及SOX2蛋白質的藥物,同時亦不會被ABCG2有效排出。417Please respect copyright.PENANAxBTwDWU3IB
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這裡無疑會產生一道詢問,若果利用阿斯匹靈抑制ABCG2的產生,同時再加上化療藥物的話,會否是殺死CSC的一道妙計呢?417Please respect copyright.PENANAazYQXfyBSV
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(圖5)在老鼠實驗中,同時用上阿斯匹靈及化療藥物Doxorubicin的話,的確可以令腫瘤大幅度縮小。417Please respect copyright.PENANADyqNdFtyjG
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但在這實驗中,單獨用上阿斯匹靈已能導致腫瘤縮小,而且文章亦沒有確實證據指出腫瘤縮小的原因是否因為少了CSC的緣故。417Please respect copyright.PENANAUaDgLIwPD9
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雖有理論證據在背後支持,但用上阿斯匹靈輔助化療效果的理論還需要確實的實驗結果再作進一步的證實。417Please respect copyright.PENANAWzZWWY6ICJ
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到底阿斯匹靈輔助化療效果的理論得以確實先,還是陳同住到台灣自首先呢?417Please respect copyright.PENANANtxZx7H92V
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答案呼之欲出!417Please respect copyright.PENANAz0LdC64nDi
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Ref1:https://stke.sciencemag.org/content/13/654/eaay6077417Please respect copyright.PENANAtB2L3zFnlQ