冬天到來,各動物均出盡渾身解數迎接大自然給予的挑戰,譬如老生常談的燕子南遷及松鼠冬眠等等。736Please respect copyright.PENANAk3yxXrLKdE
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(圖2)而今次將要介紹的主角,就是體積非常細小的小臭鼩(Etruscan shrew)。736Please respect copyright.PENANAnn49CoSAdK
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(圖3)冬天期間,小臭鼩(Etruscan shrew)的大腦皮層厚度會相應減少。736Please respect copyright.PENANA2G15I3fLAN
從圖中可見,唯獨是L4區域有所縮細,其他區域並無顯著改變。736Please respect copyright.PENANAaYStF9mL9g
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(圖4)有趣的是,在夏天期間,若果食物供應不足夠的話,小臭鼩(Etruscan shrew)的大腦皮層厚度亦會相應減少。736Please respect copyright.PENANA6y0HlRMe8q
但若果食物供應足夠的話,則不會出現「腦細」的情況。736Please respect copyright.PENANAu2ntIbn8DD
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(圖5)之所出現「腦細」的其中一個原因,相信是與新陳代謝有關。736Please respect copyright.PENANANNwDnAAMWR
對比其他區域,L4區域含有最高濃度的Cytochrome oxidase(CO)蛋白酶,736Please respect copyright.PENANA5oBtK9Awqp
而CO蛋白酶的功用則為製造能源。736Please respect copyright.PENANAJtVEWbA8Jr
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這暗示出可能小臭鼩為了應對冬天食物短缺問題,所以索性盡量棄用與新陳代謝有關的部份,以作節省資源。736Please respect copyright.PENANARHHiHb1vkm
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當然,亦不排除有其他的可能性。736Please respect copyright.PENANADDuTFCotj6
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(圖6)圖中為大腦皮層磁力共振得出的影像。736Please respect copyright.PENANAzPQvQtLCao
藍綠色為冬天的時候,而橙黃色則為夏天時候。736Please respect copyright.PENANAtwc88o9vx8
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冬天和夏天的影像互相重疊後,橙黃色的區域較多,顯示夏天的腦部體積較冬天的為大。736Please respect copyright.PENANA73qeBvqlo1
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平均來說,小臭鼩在冬天時候的大腦皮層厚度會縮減28%左右,但在下一年夏天的時候則會完全恢復回原有的厚度。736Please respect copyright.PENANAjXPiNsPXI7
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Ref1:https://www.pnas.org/content/early/2020/11/24/1922888117736Please respect copyright.PENANA6i4rSK7H4V