教育的氛圍及環境對兒童發展的影響極為強大,能否為下一代提供理想的學習環境,絕對是家長們需要深思的一道問題。834Please respect copyright.PENANAZgtnZ2pYQV834Please respect copyright.PENANAsJ1jXnxKiw
834Please respect copyright.PENANAPT3z0kAxyj
同樣道理,癌細胞的周遭環境亦為它提供了有利抵禦外來藥物侵襲的能力。834Please respect copyright.PENANAxN9lOYkOLA
要消滅癌細胞的話,必須了解它如何與周遭環境互動,再對其加以入手。834Please respect copyright.PENANAqs4roSiZgY
834Please respect copyright.PENANAFBGMZsYTp6
(圖2)癌細胞的周遭環境極為複雜,事實上學界不少會以「器官」而非「細胞」來冠稱癌症,皆因它與多款周遭細胞建立了不少互利關係並寄予依賴,而非以單一個體的方式生存。834Please respect copyright.PENANA3ZQPFiXBwp834Please respect copyright.PENANAcwRuwPlYzz
834Please respect copyright.PENANAYq4fVtceci
基於癌細胞與周遭環境互動所涉及的範圍非常之多,本篇將只會粗略講及營養及氧氣這一範疇。834Please respect copyright.PENANA6raUwp8X8L
834Please respect copyright.PENANAsAek16DroD
(圖3)血管是運送營養及氧氣的主要途徑,基於癌細胞的血管結構並不完整及參差不齊,以及腫瘤過度生長使靠近核心部份的區域遠離血管,腫瘤的某部份區域是經常性處於低氧氣及缺乏營養的狀態。834Please respect copyright.PENANAI9jjRGRUoj834Please respect copyright.PENANAji4PVmfKT2
834Please respect copyright.PENANAYr8MBfOV8z
當然,這是實體腫癌才會遇上的情景,血癌或者浮遊在血液循環系統的癌細胞則較少會面對營養或氧氣缺乏的局面。834Please respect copyright.PENANAR8UNbkEEmn
834Please respect copyright.PENANAx3G1XPR5y1
然而,從右圖可見,距離血管超過60μm的區域已經沒有氧氣能夠抵達,而腫瘤半徑超過100μm基本上是等閒之事,所以很多時候均會把腫瘤的環境定性為低氧狀態(Hypoxia),或完全缺氧(Anoxia)。834Please respect copyright.PENANAIDdwQhKXup
834Please respect copyright.PENANAjpgL4XnIg9
外來的藥物需要經由血管輸送抵達癌細胞才能發揮功用,藥物基乎無法抵達癌細胞與血管距離較遠的區域,導致藥物沒能以有效的濃度抵達腫瘤各處。834Please respect copyright.PENANAq4k8N3BhhZ
834Please respect copyright.PENANAguvwYxLtcN
而且癌細胞在缺氧缺營養的狀態下,生長速度會有所減慢,這正好避過不少針對快速生長細胞特性的化療藥物追捕。834Please respect copyright.PENANA5M8PnGN1Tk
834Please respect copyright.PENANAvCY1h83zQ6
除藥物外,放射性治療的放射線必需依靠氧氣作為媒體才能傳遞及散播,因此這方法沒能有效根治在低氧環境下的癌細胞區域。834Please respect copyright.PENANAylsy7QB5OY
834Please respect copyright.PENANAWYSFzYcWbj
834Please respect copyright.PENANAlbt9jnaYk6
如果想我快啲出文的話,請入去Penana網站科普專欄–薯不揀單俾一個like以及Bookmark,這對我非常之重要。834Please respect copyright.PENANAHVFmF3euq1
834Please respect copyright.PENANAmD09F5hZNI
Link: https://www.penana.com/story/66244/%E7%A7%91%E6%99%AE%E5%B0%88%E6%AC%84-%E8%96%AF%E4%B8%8D%E6%8F%80%E5%96%AE/toc834Please respect copyright.PENANAboLiflzRr1
834Please respect copyright.PENANANAMzHIUI4n
同時亦可以在Penana網站裡按「買一嚿/半嚿薯仔」,以課金的方式推動我繼續搜羅資料寫文,多謝。834Please respect copyright.PENANACApkFdCc4U
834Please respect copyright.PENANAGze3DAC549
Link:834Please respect copyright.PENANAHkno1sZ8jM
https://www.penana.com/user/27349/%E8%96%AF%E4%BB%94%E8%81%9E%E8%8C%B1%E8%8E%89/portfolio834Please respect copyright.PENANATYRBHszSIN
834Please respect copyright.PENANAsSzD7jmM6U
834Please respect copyright.PENANAUEzEkgPlvq
除非Facebook及IG重開侵侵的account,否則我的IG將不會再作更新,只會寄居本土LIHKG及Penana。834Please respect copyright.PENANAwW5yQ5CWsY
834Please respect copyright.PENANA2rzx9Ms3dW
Ref1:https://academic.oup.com/jnci/article/99/19/1441/2544230834Please respect copyright.PENANAwH7bF5ZFnY