教育的氛圍及環境對兒童發展的影響極為強大,能否為下一代提供理想的學習環境,絕對是家長們需要深思的一道問題。808Please respect copyright.PENANAOxxZPO4bkt
808Please respect copyright.PENANAZTn5sHXeZB
808Please respect copyright.PENANAXn5MpKPCcw
同樣道理,癌細胞的周遭環境亦為它提供了有利抵禦外來藥物侵襲的能力。808Please respect copyright.PENANAgbaGkUx6MR
要消滅癌細胞的話,必須了解它如何與周遭環境互動,再對其加以入手。808Please respect copyright.PENANAaAjYtTW1BP
808Please respect copyright.PENANAbRfRoNCnP7
(圖2)癌細胞的周遭環境極為複雜,事實上學界不少會以「器官」而非「細胞」來冠稱癌症,皆因它與多款周遭細胞建立了不少互利關係並寄予依賴,而非以單一個體的方式生存。808Please respect copyright.PENANAihXvASoTKP
808Please respect copyright.PENANAo8J3mePI7A
808Please respect copyright.PENANAH5MeXitbnp
基於癌細胞與周遭環境互動所涉及的範圍非常之多,本篇將只會粗略講及營養及氧氣這一範疇。808Please respect copyright.PENANAmz1tgYN5iT
808Please respect copyright.PENANAmMVzygLWuz
(圖3)血管是運送營養及氧氣的主要途徑,基於癌細胞的血管結構並不完整及參差不齊,以及腫瘤過度生長使靠近核心部份的區域遠離血管,腫瘤的某部份區域是經常性處於低氧氣及缺乏營養的狀態。808Please respect copyright.PENANAWVCqPqY46n
808Please respect copyright.PENANAiX8Ian3VYi
808Please respect copyright.PENANAllcdUJZo65
當然,這是實體腫癌才會遇上的情景,血癌或者浮遊在血液循環系統的癌細胞則較少會面對營養或氧氣缺乏的局面。808Please respect copyright.PENANA4Pn8QkwCtA
808Please respect copyright.PENANAxeCwnCnMY9
然而,從右圖可見,距離血管超過60μm的區域已經沒有氧氣能夠抵達,而腫瘤半徑超過100μm基本上是等閒之事,所以很多時候均會把腫瘤的環境定性為低氧狀態(Hypoxia),或完全缺氧(Anoxia)。808Please respect copyright.PENANAJZDKDJoM2u
808Please respect copyright.PENANAA9NsV2t0rW
外來的藥物需要經由血管輸送抵達癌細胞才能發揮功用,藥物基乎無法抵達癌細胞與血管距離較遠的區域,導致藥物沒能以有效的濃度抵達腫瘤各處。808Please respect copyright.PENANAijji1paJge
808Please respect copyright.PENANAfv6Clenxp3
而且癌細胞在缺氧缺營養的狀態下,生長速度會有所減慢,這正好避過不少針對快速生長細胞特性的化療藥物追捕。808Please respect copyright.PENANAaMLZMPJnA1
808Please respect copyright.PENANAYa3s9D4qKp
除藥物外,放射性治療的放射線必需依靠氧氣作為媒體才能傳遞及散播,因此這方法沒能有效根治在低氧環境下的癌細胞區域。808Please respect copyright.PENANA9B0s3bXSux
808Please respect copyright.PENANAygQaINjiLV
808Please respect copyright.PENANAjQptTW1iLL
如果想我快啲出文的話,請入去Penana網站科普專欄–薯不揀單俾一個like以及Bookmark,這對我非常之重要。808Please respect copyright.PENANAT9GxWNBV0k
808Please respect copyright.PENANAGb4oALmVd3
Link: https://www.penana.com/story/66244/%E7%A7%91%E6%99%AE%E5%B0%88%E6%AC%84-%E8%96%AF%E4%B8%8D%E6%8F%80%E5%96%AE/toc808Please respect copyright.PENANAnyoN81F0pv
808Please respect copyright.PENANAjfroSwaBH1
同時亦可以在Penana網站裡按「買一嚿/半嚿薯仔」,以課金的方式推動我繼續搜羅資料寫文,多謝。808Please respect copyright.PENANAR4njCtNBAQ
808Please respect copyright.PENANApqrN6yifLO
Link:808Please respect copyright.PENANAmuUjwpPHkK
https://www.penana.com/user/27349/%E8%96%AF%E4%BB%94%E8%81%9E%E8%8C%B1%E8%8E%89/portfolio808Please respect copyright.PENANAytkJoFf4VN
808Please respect copyright.PENANARIiK5q1Y8D
808Please respect copyright.PENANAOG9adQ6dvu
除非Facebook及IG重開侵侵的account,否則我的IG將不會再作更新,只會寄居本土LIHKG及Penana。808Please respect copyright.PENANAW71RDUG93h
808Please respect copyright.PENANAY3vlYUE3Q8
Ref1:https://academic.oup.com/jnci/article/99/19/1441/2544230808Please respect copyright.PENANAqWB1fstFkH