極端氣候開始陸續浮現,人為及自然因素相信均有份參與。在這層面上,我們有沒有辦法可以得知以往的氣候變化又是如何呢?375Please respect copyright.PENANAebnoy9E0jc
375Please respect copyright.PENANA7iRNlNSpok
本篇將會探討一下測量地球海洋溫度轉變的其中一一道辦法。375Please respect copyright.PENANAyJFhQbMW9O
375Please respect copyright.PENANA3afuY1F3Wk
375Please respect copyright.PENANAZo5S2anqo7
375Please respect copyright.PENANATeecrIGjvt
(圖2)二氧化碳是由一個碳原子(C)及兩個氧原子(O)而組成。375Please respect copyright.PENANAn16NNMupzo
375Please respect copyright.PENANA5XknxBk7hv
375Please respect copyright.PENANAVpkp0iNkIZ
用沒有讀過理科的角度來觀看,碳原子在自然界會以12C、13C及其他形式的狀態呈現,其中以12C呈現的方式佔大多數,達98.89%。而13C的比例則為1.11%。375Please respect copyright.PENANAChUH1Dfi5E
375Please respect copyright.PENANAoPHWMWO9rs
氧原子亦是同一道理,在自然界會以16O、18O及其他形式的狀態呈現。375Please respect copyright.PENANAaEJuOLSbuE
375Please respect copyright.PENANAd7FTYhhTID
整個情形就像是明治香蕉朱古力一樣,雖然同是香蕉狀,但有極少數的朱古力會以黃金香蕉的方式呈現。375Please respect copyright.PENANAf1ZGVmOh9t
375Please respect copyright.PENANA6VeY8fbUP1
(圖3)位於深海的有孔蟲(Foraminifera)的外殼含有CaCO3物質。它們會與水產生反應,因而交換氧原子的呈現方式。375Please respect copyright.PENANAEy5EIAKJa6
375Please respect copyright.PENANAqIfGTLeKXB
375Please respect copyright.PENANAvcPyMygj7S
非常重要的是,這反應會隨著溫度提升而加速進行。375Please respect copyright.PENANAuF3mrPtu4w
375Please respect copyright.PENANAXUR4BkOYI5
亦即是說,溫度越高的話,越多有孔蟲外殼的CaCO3物質會以18O的方式呈現。375Please respect copyright.PENANAQFRfKenGwD
375Please respect copyright.PENANAMka2h9b6Sp
(圖4)科學家透過測量不同年代的孔蟲化石外殼的氧原子狀態,從而推論出不同時代的海洋溫度。375Please respect copyright.PENANA1hRUSuasQL
375Please respect copyright.PENANAAXM9LxzSgW
375Please respect copyright.PENANAlxOBYEDNvv
從圖中可見,海洋的溫度正呈著不斷下降的趨勢。375Please respect copyright.PENANAjsJpO5kUmy
375Please respect copyright.PENANAtvVVPfLQq6
海洋溫度會影響大海吸收二氧化碳的能力及內裡的生物鏈,而海洋溫度正不斷下降,究竟是好還是壞呢?375Please respect copyright.PENANACx3qMmnERW
375Please respect copyright.PENANAsvM2ukpVV3
375Please respect copyright.PENANAS8918rn3UG
375Please respect copyright.PENANAuanmka08IX
如果想我快啲出文的話,請入去Penana網站科普專欄–薯不揀單俾一個like以及Bookmark,這對我非常之重要。375Please respect copyright.PENANAiBk3uYhRdj
375Please respect copyright.PENANAGYFQ4Eq8dm
Link: https://www.penana.com/story/66244/%E7%A7%91%E6%99%AE%E5%B0%88%E6%AC%84-%E8%96%AF%E4%B8%8D%E6%8F%80%E5%96%AE/toc375Please respect copyright.PENANAgzAeWjLCxb
375Please respect copyright.PENANAP8uJGm3L96
同時亦可以在Penana網站裡按「買一嚿/半嚿薯仔」,以課金的方式推動我繼續搜羅資料寫文,多謝。375Please respect copyright.PENANAjNxGQ4RIyY
375Please respect copyright.PENANAiPp6LycUyl
Link:375Please respect copyright.PENANAHwj84XjXj9
https://www.penana.com/user/27349/%E8%96%AF%E4%BB%94%E8%81%9E%E8%8C%B1%E8%8E%89/portfolio375Please respect copyright.PENANAQMpg7lWjFr
375Please respect copyright.PENANArSJwdQutcn
375Please respect copyright.PENANAHHjrHQEbR0
除非Facebook及IG重開侵侵的account,否則我的IG將不會再作更新,只會寄居本土LIHKG及Penana。375Please respect copyright.PENANAAsm5Y8u56Y
375Please respect copyright.PENANAN2u2zcYSLc
Ref1:https://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/~peter/Resources/Seminar/readings/Ravelo%20&%20Hillaire-Marcel.2007.pdf375Please respect copyright.PENANAmPIW6LJf4X
Ref2:https://science.sciencemag.org/content/371/6534/1148375Please respect copyright.PENANARXYsH2aGNv