此為上集的補充篇:三十秒科學–癌症所導致的體重流失367Please respect copyright.PENANAKQ9d04z85m
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癌症惡病質(cancer cachexia)泛指因癌症而導致的體重流失,大部份情況下主要是由喪失肌肉所致,並沒法依靠進食來填補其喪失。367Please respect copyright.PENANAjnO21MfXCg367Please respect copyright.PENANAe02mg2Dtif
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在眾多癌症之中,高達接近70%的胰臟癌病人會出現cancer cachexia,總體重的損失在六個月內可高達25%。367Please respect copyright.PENANAf0ndnEchL6
相反,患上前列腺癌的病人僅只有約10%的人出現cancer cachexia。367Please respect copyright.PENANAtJrD362ony
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(圖2)病人出現cancer cachexia的話(以體重損失超過10%為指標),其生存的機率亦會因而顯著下降。367Please respect copyright.PENANAKuPxUO6Hfe367Please respect copyright.PENANAehb6b0atfY
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正因如此,若能了解其cancer cachexia機制並加以針對的話,將會是抵抗癌症的其中一道手法。367Please respect copyright.PENANA72qRc9aIFf
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(圖3)癌細胞所導致的體重流失,主要是由肌肉喪失所致。367Please respect copyright.PENANAph6tup8AWO
而當我們的肌肉受到傷害或撕裂的時候,裡頭的幹細胞以及圖中所指的細胞將會出手幫忙製造肌肉,填補其損失。367Please respect copyright.PENANAlVLx47XBm6367Please respect copyright.PENANA6LWyIHQqa5
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癌細胞的厲害之處就是能夠釋出物質經由血管到達肌肉,誘導肌肉出現受傷情況之餘,並同時阻止肌肉幹細胞進行重生,因而導致肌肉流失情況發生。367Please respect copyright.PENANAVtcxCOZ4uo
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癌細胞之所以這樣做,其中的一道推論是希望透過破壞肌肉而使血液間的氨基酸(蛋白質)含量增加,然後借助肝臟把這些氨基酸轉變成糖份,再由血液循環系統輸送給自身所用。367Please respect copyright.PENANASLt5giqlEg
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因著胰臟癌病人出現cancer cachexia的機率較高,有不少科學家均就此利用老鼠胰臟癌模型來研究cancer cachexia的機制。367Please respect copyright.PENANACs0N8KIPdP
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至今已至少找出得到,癌細胞所釋出的物質會導致肌肉幹細胞一種名為Pax7的蛋白質含量不斷上升,並因而導致肌肉幹細胞沒法子進行重組肌肉舉動。367Please respect copyright.PENANAmI0ZiOipSk
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Ref1:https://www.nature.com/articles/nrdp2017105367Please respect copyright.PENANAjy9wsnimuL