上一篇的深入淺出講述了人體的體味,緊接以來的這一篇將會講述一下大自然界的「體味」互動。952Please respect copyright.PENANArz3KhGVZH4
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https://www.penana.com/article/468715952Please respect copyright.PENANAuVTtNAHk6d
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適者生存,弱肉強食,一向被喻為大自然界的法則。952Please respect copyright.PENANAWKRyQaWhci
植物作為食物鏈的最底層,大多時候也逃不過被食物鏈上層生物侵食的局面。952Please respect copyright.PENANAeaMDWwkuJI
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圖1為毛蟲獵食樹葉的畫面,這棵植物並不是捕蠅草系列,看起上來的確沒有任何反擊或防禦的手段,任人魚肉。952Please respect copyright.PENANAyDLFKlKwVW
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但實情其實並非如此。952Please respect copyright.PENANAohDWo0Kokf
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圖2為椿象從後出現,反過來獵食毛蟲的畫面。然而,椿象的出現並不是偶然,而是植物暗中「召喚」而來的。952Please respect copyright.PENANA3E9U1d63P0
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圖3,當樹葉收到傷害的時候,它們會即時釋放出一堆統稱為 Green Leave Volatiles(GLV)的化合物(Ref1),這個情況下,毛蟲的口水包含著一些物質,會將這些GLV化合物由Z形態轉化成為E形態;952Please respect copyright.PENANA7D0A1wHTwo
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這物質究竟是甚麼,科學家暫時還沒清楚,只是知道該物質在高溫下便會失效。952Please respect copyright.PENANAj1nLCIFjQj
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Z形態及E形態是化學用詞,用在描述化學物的形態。952Please respect copyright.PENANAC6bbaw5wkk
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強硬來說的話,Z形態就是用胡蘿蔔當作雙耳、樹枝當作雙手的雪人。952Please respect copyright.PENANAfaNJKIXk7j
而E形態就是用樹枝當作雙耳、胡蘿蔔當作雙手的雪人。952Please respect copyright.PENANAggbJGUbdcu
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大家所組成的元素均是一樣,但位置上卻有著不同的地方。952Please respect copyright.PENANAPjdXXhMxlL
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我並沒有能力再以更深入淺出的方式解釋,有興趣的話可以自行Google。952Please respect copyright.PENANAfWudbFR9a3
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圖4)對於椿象來說, E形態的GLV是一種非常強大的吸引劑,亦因而被吸引前來,反咬毛蟲。952Please respect copyright.PENANAQ2jCxTrEXs
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所以整件事情的來龍去脈,就是毛蟲傷害樹葉的時候,其口水觸化樹葉裡頭的摔發性化學物轉變,其轉變的化合物吸引捕食毛蟲的獵人前來,因而「間接」地救了樹葉一命。952Please respect copyright.PENANARcy6yIQs4f
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在這裡必須強調的是,這種關係是物種針對性的。952Please respect copyright.PENANAXlxfvtd2zw
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科學家在一篇學術文章(Ref1)證實,若果毛蟲品種並不是圖1列明的那一個品種,其口水是不會觸發樹葉化合物Z到E的轉變。952Please respect copyright.PENANAHO2Wr1Lpzc
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植物是否會用不同的方式應付不同品種的入侵者,這暫時還是未知之數。952Please respect copyright.PENANAQDeKyk0gAO
但至少圖1-4的物種互動已有科學證據支持,由此已經可以看得出大自然物種之間的互動是絕非簡單的。952Please respect copyright.PENANAyi8XT3R6gE
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如果想我快啲出文的話,請入去Penana網站科普專欄–薯不揀單俾一個like以及Bookmark,這對我非常之重要。952Please respect copyright.PENANAHr7N1QlR8t
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Link: https://www.penana.com/story/66244/%E7%A7%91%E6%99%AE%E5%B0%88%E6%AC%84-%E8%96%AF%E4%B8%8D%E6%8F%80%E5%96%AE/toc952Please respect copyright.PENANAjrY2rjheij
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同時亦可以在Penana網站裡按「買一嚿/半嚿薯仔」,以課金的方式推動我繼續搜羅資料寫文,多謝。952Please respect copyright.PENANAX4dhDfR69S
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有興趣接收科普資訊的話,歡迎follow IG: potatopigtongue。952Please respect copyright.PENANAHNOlmccteL
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Ref1:https://science.sciencemag.org/content/329/5995/1075952Please respect copyright.PENANAi2Jwzk0ZRu