減肥是不少女性、又或者亦是男性的終身使命。875Please respect copyright.PENANAaxhhNZkhgm
先天上,兩性在儲存脂肪及體脂分佈上均有非常不同的地方。875Please respect copyright.PENANAq4Fcy0Bc0I
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(圖1)已知的知識中,荷爾蒙及性別染色體在脂肪控制上均扮演著舉足輕重的角色。875Please respect copyright.PENANABSxyU7RVNO
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普遍來說,女性傾向把脂肪儲存在臀部,而更年期的女性及男性則傾向把脂肪儲存在肚部。875Please respect copyright.PENANAfnRbm48FTR
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增加更年期女性的體內雌激素濃度的話,將能減低脂肪儲存在肚部的傾向,間接證明荷爾蒙對於體脂分佈的影響性。875Please respect copyright.PENANAcrgmgFKEni
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然而,性別荷爾蒙在青春期發育的時候最為旺盛,但男女性的人體嬰兒及老鼠在發育之前,體脂的分佈亦已有所不同。875Please respect copyright.PENANAB777if8NAh
而且,XXY的男性比XY的男性,體脂相對為多。875Please respect copyright.PENANABrSWj4yXo4
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這亦暗示性別染色體在脂肪控制上亦扮演著一定的角色。875Please respect copyright.PENANA9JRqOYMpDG
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而近日就有科學家發表文章(Ref1),解構X染色體導致脂肪相對上較容易增加的原因。875Please respect copyright.PENANAIj2fNvKG9B
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(圖2)X染色體主宰超過800種蛋白質的產生。我們的身體有一道名為X inactivation的機制,使其中一條X染色體不能正常運作,好使蛋白質不會以雙倍的方式產生,造就男性及女性相關於X染色體所產生的蛋白質水平不會有太大的差異;875Please respect copyright.PENANAy6scaJzQl2
男性只有一條X染色體,而X inactivation亦不會發生。875Please respect copyright.PENANAwTSE9XMxOG
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但有時候,有一些X chromosome區域並沒有被抑制下來,造就女性身上某些蛋白質的數量會比男性為高。875Please respect copyright.PENANA4rXi1cwXo9
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而現今發現,有至少四種蛋白質普遍上並沒有被X inactivation機制抑制下來。875Please respect copyright.PENANAZdnXAOxUBE
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(圖3)Kdm5c就是其中一隻沒有被抑制下來的蛋白質,它是一種histone deacetylase,簡單來說就是有著控制基因上那一些蛋白質能夠產生出來,那一些不能產生出來的權力。875Please respect copyright.PENANAppd1Xzn2Vx
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科學家用上不同的實驗證實,Kdm5c有著控制幹細胞較容易變成為脂肪細胞的功能。875Please respect copyright.PENANAc1f7J5YTnR
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在老鼠上,Kdm5c數量的多少,對於進食的數量並沒有太大的變化,但Kedm5c數量較多的老鼠身上則有著更多的脂肪。875Please respect copyright.PENANAOAttkC5dQx
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而對比七百多名孖生女性體內Kdm5c數量及其BMI的話,亦能發現有著正比的關係。875Please respect copyright.PENANAvOBitLdNLB
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女士先天上較易產生更多的脂肪,將有助懷孕的時候給予嬰兒更多的保護及營養需要。875Please respect copyright.PENANA7olM72UeRR
而Kdm5c這蛋白質是否為此先天性上而設,暫時還沒有決定性的實驗能夠證實。875Please respect copyright.PENANAaY3L1j6EN2
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至於能否利用基因技術或者藥物來抑制Kdm5c的數量或功效而達至減肥功效,暫時亦沒有任何的數據,而且Kdm5c顯然不只是局限於影響脂肪新陳代謝這一方面,隨意抑壓的話相當有機會會導致不良的副作用效果。875Please respect copyright.PENANAtMjMqnyWd1
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如果想我快啲出文的話,請入去Penana網站科普專欄–薯不揀單俾一個like以及Bookmark,這對我非常之重要。875Please respect copyright.PENANAM2pTqdsC8Z
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有興趣接收科普資訊的話,歡迎follow IG: potatopigtongue。875Please respect copyright.PENANAavfdoii0xN
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Ref1:https://www.jci.org/articles/view/140223875Please respect copyright.PENANAo8ehzvYiaF