埃及斑蚊,英文名為yellow fever mosquito,學名為Aedes aegypti,是白紋伊蚊的近親。582Please respect copyright.PENANAl8n31j376U
582Please respect copyright.PENANA9KoaQLXTDD
(圖1)男性品種不會叮人,只有女性品種才會叮人,藉著吸血等途徑傳播登革熱(Dengue Fever)等疾病。582Please respect copyright.PENANAbPAxQ8sr0U
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殺蟲劑雖能殺滅蚊子,但蚊子亦逐漸展示出對殺蟲劑的抗藥性。582Please respect copyright.PENANAxFe5dPqwlg
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而基於殺蟲劑會污染環境及危害部份雀鳥昆蟲健康關係,建立另類對付播毒蚊子的方法可謂有著絕對的迫切性。582Please respect copyright.PENANA8cjxFs2D4H
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(圖2)有見及此,Oxitec公司(現為美國公司收購)培養出埃及斑蚊OX513A品種。582Please respect copyright.PENANAmWb08h3t8K
牠們在幼蟲的時候需要四環黴素(Tetracycline)才能成功生長。在實驗室培植的時候,研究人員會在食物裡提供四環黴素,但當他們被放到野外的時候,便再也沒能取得足夠的四環黴素,沒能順利生長成為蚊子。582Please respect copyright.PENANAeOh094ztiq
582Please respect copyright.PENANAirn9xJ1RWZ
男性埃及斑蚊OX513A品種與女性正常品種交配的話,將有機會產生正常品種及OX513A品種的蚊卵。582Please respect copyright.PENANA0KBICcrDbm
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在野外缺乏四環黴素的情況下,正常品種有86–88%成功長大為蚊子,而OX513A品種則只有3-4%的成功率。582Please respect copyright.PENANAfpH1elIylU
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以這個方式推算下去的話,蚊子下一代的比率將會大幅度減低。582Please respect copyright.PENANAtkYwbp9WEJ
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(圖3)Oxitec公司在2010年英國開曼群島藉著此方式消除80%野外埃及斑蚊。582Please respect copyright.PENANAO1bCHXgK4H
而亦在2013年巴西巴伊亞州順利用上同樣方式消除~90%野外埃及斑蚊。582Please respect copyright.PENANARY9WnTxGRb
582Please respect copyright.PENANAX1WpWXMyuk
今年2020年8月,他們同樣依這種方式在美國佛羅里達發放男性男性埃及斑蚊OX513A品種。582Please respect copyright.PENANANu6YDtJQtG
582Please respect copyright.PENANAM20p9nC3ro
此舉泛起不少反對聲音,不乏違反動物權利及人權等等。582Please respect copyright.PENANAkgaaiCsYOF
582Please respect copyright.PENANASzeL9QldKo
亦有人認為此舉會破壞生態平衡,奈何此方法只會滅殺埃及斑蚊,不會影響其他蚊子品種,其他物種可照樣進食其他蚊子品種代替,不見得有任何大影響。582Please respect copyright.PENANA38hdywf4IU
582Please respect copyright.PENANAZbf54xPKRk
至於亦有人認為埃及斑蚊有機會因而大遷徙到第二區域,這點反而有著潛在的可能性,值得探討一下。
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睇番一大輪資料後,發覺原來依篇文所寫的方法係佢哋用係巴西的方法,18個月之內係有成效,之後蚊子數量回升。582Please respect copyright.PENANA1MZoVtCWFr
582Please respect copyright.PENANACQpWI01bjB
今次美國所用的方法係OX5034,同舊原理差唔多,但女性BB會死,而男性BB唔會。582Please respect copyright.PENANA0KsD7oOTsI
582Please respect copyright.PENANAb1Lxqcn2Ze
無睇到佢哋媒體資料,只係睇咗佢哋之前所發出的學術文章,所以資料有錯,對不起。
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同時亦可以在Penana網站裡按「買一嚿/半嚿薯仔」,以課金的方式推動我繼續搜羅資料寫文,多謝。582Please respect copyright.PENANAsvlHWyzpjR
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Link:582Please respect copyright.PENANAC0hKKwco9w
https://www.penana.com/user/27349/%E8%96%AF%E4%BB%94%E8%81%9E%E8%8C%B1%E8%8E%89/portfolio582Please respect copyright.PENANAohmHY8afEJ
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有興趣接收科普資訊的話,歡迎follow IG: potatopigtongue。582Please respect copyright.PENANALYhkPsseAK
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Ref:582Please respect copyright.PENANAor4U9CH4bE
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6072261/#R3582Please respect copyright.PENANA22QzoIdOM6
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4489809/582Please respect copyright.PENANAtUcZEFCrpg
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1865532/582Please respect copyright.PENANAqEsMTecRIb
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4063546/
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