上集提及了白蘑菇表面的啡點是由Brown Blotch Disease而起,今集將會講及白蘑菇因為氧化作用而變成啡色的過程。522Please respect copyright.PENANAiDuIeAmrzZ
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上集:https://www.penana.com/article/486079522Please respect copyright.PENANAvcgrP1fHuW
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(圖3)正常情況下,名為PPO的酵素將會處於名為Plastid的位置內,與蘑菇裡頭的Phenolic Substrate天隔一方,河水不犯井水。522Please respect copyright.PENANALiHmZO8ogD
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(圖4)而在物理性的撞擊或其他作用底下,Plastid結構被受破壞,PPO酵素便與蘑菇裡頭的Phenolic Substrate接觸,透過氧氣的協助下產生一系列的化學反應,最終形成啡黑色物質Melanin,導致白蘑菇變成啡蘑菇。522Please respect copyright.PENANAb1kkraqnR5
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(圖5)白蘑菇因氧化作用而變成啡色並不會讓蘑菇變成不得食用。522Please respect copyright.PENANA4Sv4Z0iIRQ
移居到美國賓夕法尼亞州立大學的中國科學家Yinong Yang已成功使用CRISPR基因編輯技術將蘑菇的PPO基因剔走,製作不會變啡的白蘑菇,主要為作美觀用途。522Please respect copyright.PENANA5UqzykdNLQ
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CRISPR技術延伸閱讀:https://www.penana.com/article/465369522Please respect copyright.PENANAB8veUSfptq
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只要得到法律的允許,這些不會變啡的白蘑菇便能進入商業市場。522Please respect copyright.PENANAe9wXMhnqx2
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類近的基因改造產品,已投身市場標榜不會變啡的蘋果Acratic Apple,原理同樣亦是針對PPO基因而成,但箇中並沒有用上CRISPR手段。522Please respect copyright.PENANAm6F6VI6Gb8
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