此命題由汪汪真鳩喂(#5523)巴打提供,在此作出致謝。538Please respect copyright.PENANAI397f2siL2
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貓捉老鼠,天公地義,警黑合作,違背道義。538Please respect copyright.PENANApfYKZWTced
在回答貓隻究竟會否因為捉老鼠而患上鼠疫(Plague)之前,我們先行快速了解一下鼠疫的背景資料。538Please respect copyright.PENANAw1aVbiH0XX
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鼠疫至少釀成全球二億人的死亡,由細菌Yersinia pestis 引致,為1894年細菌學家Alexandre Yersin在香港鼠疫爆發時搵出,因此取其名字Yersinia命名(Ref1);538Please respect copyright.PENANAlvZeK7N2d6
同期亦有一名日本科學家同在香港相近時間分離出致病的細菌,但因報告內容有些許具爭議性的地方,功勞普遍被嘉許在前者身上。538Please respect copyright.PENANAhvR2UjmuRj
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鼠疫在人類史上可分為三大時期,分別為:538Please respect copyright.PENANAETTrqqh372
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1. 第6-8世紀時期的查士丁尼瘟疫538Please respect copyright.PENANA8ZVj4F3Fla
(Justinian’s Plague)538Please respect copyright.PENANARRM8Mp3rHD
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2.第14-18世紀別名為黑死病的瘟疫538Please respect copyright.PENANABjk1HXhRsy
(Black Death)538Please respect copyright.PENANA7joX9qy2cG
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3.現代538Please respect copyright.PENANATwZgmIPO6i
(近期較為大型的一次為發生在2017年馬達加斯加,釀成202人死)538Please respect copyright.PENANAqFTEXtkMce
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雖然鼠疫歷史長久,但疫苗研究側重在其他疾病上的關係,現時其實並沒有具高效力的疫苗在市面,不少疫苗還停留在臨床研究階段當中;538Please respect copyright.PENANAyG8mcRzmV1
美軍在越戰所用的疫苗,效果被證實非常參差,而且大部份接種者均展示出強烈的不良反應。538Please respect copyright.PENANAPlU0icemPy
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(圖2)雖然我們用上鼠疫在形容此疾病,但Yersinia pestis細菌其實是寄宿在蝨的身體裡頭,藉著蝨的幫助下傳播開去。538Please respect copyright.PENANArsLtjYxWkV
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受感染的蝨會寄居在囓齒動物身上,促使被咬的囓齒動物將會感染鼠疫。538Please respect copyright.PENANAJNG9N8XuVk
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現今的Yersinia pestis細菌品種,相信是透過蝨與囓齒動物不斷的互相傳遞而演發出來。538Please respect copyright.PENANAK6Xdf9RC9s
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之於人類患上鼠疫的途徑,則主要是接觸受鼠疫感染的動物、遭受感染的蝨咬傷或吸入受感染的動物體液所致。538Please respect copyright.PENANAdOcSC1JsSZ
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(圖3)鼠疫可以大致分為三大類,Bubonic plague、Septicemic plague及Pneumonic plague,其分別及特徵一律在圖中列出。538Please respect copyright.PENANAgOwhfuf2z3
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(圖4)而非常遺憾的是,貓隻是可以因捕捉受感染的鼠隻而患上鼠疫的。538Please respect copyright.PENANAdqFolUIYEA
貓隻大多數的感染個案為Bubonic plague(Ref2),主人有機會因為被寄宿在貓隻身上受感染的蝨所咬而患上Bubonic plague,但亦有個別個案因為主人與貓隻親吻,因而接觸貓隻口水而患上Pneumonic plague。538Please respect copyright.PENANAS5hvhSHpRT
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當然,圖中所列舉的徵狀只是概論,一切由專業獸醫診斷為最準,而治療的手法跟治療人的方式一樣,一般開上抗生素作治療,而有必要時亦可能會隔離貓隻3日或以上。538Please respect copyright.PENANAt40EwiRzcc
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各位巴絲想到有趣話題的話,不妨在留言提出,話題有趣且我有能力講解的話,將會被製作成為深入淺出的題材。538Please respect copyright.PENANA2Fq2JPmWoj
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如果想我快啲出文的話,請入去Penana網站科普專欄–薯不揀單俾一個like以及Bookmark,這對我非常之重要。538Please respect copyright.PENANAXVCPaieemq
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Link: https://www.penana.com/story/66244/%E7%A7%91%E6%99%AE%E5%B0%88%E6%AC%84-%E8%96%AF%E4%B8%8D%E6%8F%80%E5%96%AE/toc538Please respect copyright.PENANAWZcHEo3Rmm
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同時亦可以在Penana網站裡按「買一嚿/半嚿薯仔」,以課金的方式推動我繼續搜羅資料寫文,多謝。538Please respect copyright.PENANAmPeevrV6aj
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Ref1:https://www.nature.com/articles/s41435-019-0065-0538Please respect copyright.PENANAH59uNaL61j
Ref2:https://www.merckvetmanual.com/cat-owners/disorders-affecting-multiple-body-systems-of-cats/plague-in-cats538Please respect copyright.PENANAaJOAL8Xsjs