吸煙會引致肺癌機率大幅度上升，究竟現今有沒有充分證據證明這句說話呢?476Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4C84i79vGY
476Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPndf7pvi41
476Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6klQtE7X9z
（圖2）講述之前，我們快速了解一下癌症形成的概論。476Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMAPuyzZOKm
476Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMsHyR5b7no
正常的細胞，裡頭擁有一系列的機制控制生長速度，確保不會出現無止境繁殖的局面。476Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPwqUzoK9Fv
而當正常細胞的DNA發生異變的時候，大致上會迎來四個結局。476Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ77eUQnKzJW
476Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXkVC79R6Oq
通常情況下，細胞會立刻修復DNA的變異，使變異細胞回復成為正常細胞。476Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEyb2tOb0fc
若果DNA修復機制失效的話，免疫細胞會辨認變異細胞為外來之物，將其殲滅以免遺禍人間。476Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLSUOQvdP4j
476Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1FmBVTgIJQ
而如果修復DNA機制及免疫系統同時失效的話，便會有兩種可能性的發生。476Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡaU3mzVWMYv
476Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡaOizMfCLgF
假若異變DNA原本的工作是負責控制生長速度、而其變異導致自身功用失效的話，細胞便有機會不受控地自我繁殖，形成腫瘤。476Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡh2CARzUKjo
476Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQqHpYF2S46
而如果異變DNA對發展癌細胞方面沒有任何幫助的話，那細胞便不會發展成為癌細胞，繼續攜帶變異DNA以正常速度繁殖。476Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡylRc4zAoop
476Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQFuWemOBGI
總言而之，DNA發生變異是正常細發展成為癌細胞的第一步。476Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6kQ05ptfxn
476Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMlTsbNHxxN
476Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFLzseRfNg0
476Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡo2nrpZGgvc
（圖3）為探討吸煙對DNA變異的影響，有研究找來對應群組（3個兒童、4個非吸煙者、6個已戒煙人士、3個尚有食煙習慣的渣滓）作檢驗(Ref1)，分別抽取各人的氣管細胞，以逐個細胞的方式檢驗DNA，以作DNA變異程度的觀察之用。476Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxeCkQ9WLHp
476Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡt2pmTLgQXw
476Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmSQNqQwHeE
（圖4）DNA的變異有幾種方式，如圖中所見，吸煙人士的DNA變異均比非吸煙者為多頻密。476Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzrzXm9PZxE
476Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTMbP6NPphS
476Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvWEDyo4cOQ
（圖5）而最為重要的是，吸煙人士的氣管細胞擁有更多已知會導致癌症出現的基因轉變，這一系列的資料均指出吸煙是會增加癌症出現的機會。476Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBsQ3fmeYsq
476Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHKrbeeVuRA
476Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3cpkvTfkTX
（圖6）當然，凡事也是有例外的！476Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡujc7qidvHS
476Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡl61CgR0COU
476Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQiqVM2OWou
如果想我快啲出文的話，請入去Penana網站科普專欄–薯不揀單俾一個like以及Bookmark，這對我非常之重要。476Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRNtdcJKW9p
476Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXyyde665n5
Link: https://www.penana.com/story/66244/%E7%A7%91%E6%99%AE%E5%B0%88%E6%AC%84-%E8%96%AF%E4%B8%8D%E6%8F%80%E5%96%AE/toc476Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGXCoZ03IuZ
476Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzUdZP6KkJc
同時亦可以在Penana網站裡按「買一嚿/半嚿薯仔」，以課金的方式推動我繼續搜羅資料寫文，多謝。476Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQYJVMRoRvN
476Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡE3fej0a0Ai
Link:476Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOPkjVsuYEu
https://www.penana.com/user/27349/%E8%96%AF%E4%BB%94%E8%81%9E%E8%8C%B1%E8%8E%89/portfolio476Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡaizG4fpX9x
476Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjgUg8XsOUa
476Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡq4RlvxZxIs
有興趣接收科學資訊的話，歡迎follow IG: potatopigtongue。476Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOx9AfQf7PG
476Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTS2kVY5Orp
476Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnZS2UlV97o
476Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJLIZe3ROO8
Ref1:https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-020-1961-1
476Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhi4nrT7CX8
